2019年英语新译林必修三（江苏专用）讲义Unit2单元小结

NowadaysEnglishisaninternationallanguage.EnglishismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularybroughttoBritainbypeoplefromdifferentcountriesandcultures.OldEnglishconsistsofCeltic,andthelanguagesoftheAnglesandtheSaxons,whichoccupiedBritain,andtheVikings.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishbecametheofficiallanguageofEngland.TheNormans,whodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066,madethemostcontributionstoMiddleEnglish.AlthoughFrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage,itledtothedevelopmentofEnglish.ModernEnglishappearedinthe16thcentury,whichincludesmanyLatinandGreekwords.Englishischangingallthetime.Thereisnodoubtthisprocesswillkeepon.如今，英语已成为一种国际性语言。由来自不同国家和文化的人们带到英国的语法和词汇，构成了英语。古英语由凯尔特语、盎格鲁和撒克逊(统治过英国)语和维京人的语言构成的。到10世纪，古英语成为英格兰的官方语言。诺曼人在1066年击败并控制了英格兰，促进了中古英语的发展。尽管法语未能取代英语成为第一语言，它却促进了英语的发展。近代英语出现于16世纪，包含了许多拉丁和希腊词汇。英语一直在变化着，毫无疑问这一过程将继续下去。加餐练(一)完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空AbusinessmanwasonabusinesstriptoTokyo.Hewasalwaysverygeneroustohis__1__.Afterallhismeetings,hewenttoasupermarketto__2__chocolatesandgiftsforhisworkersbackhome.Asheenteredthesupermarket,aladygaveawarmsmileand__3__him.Hewasverytouched,felt__4__，andwasnotabletoforgetthewarmthinhersmile.Hewas__5__herashewasshopping;shewasgivingthesamesmiletoallthe__6__whowalkedintothesupermarket.Thebusinessmanstarted__7__ifshewaseverfedupwithdoingthesamethingagainandagain,sohewalkeduptoherandasked,“Mydearlady,areyou__8__ofdoingthisjob,andhowlonghaveyoubeendoingthis？”Thelady__9__andsaid,“No,sir.Ihaveworkedhereforthelast10yearsandI__10__myjob.”Thebusinessmanwas__11__andasked,“Whyhaveyoustayedherefor10years,andwhydoyoulikeyour__12__？”Theladysmiledagainandsaid,“Sir,becauseIam__13__mycountry.”Thebusinessmanfoundthis__14__.Hesaid,“Youareservingyour__15__bysmiling？”Theladysaid,“Yes,sir.Ismileandallthecustomersenteringthesupermarketfeelhappyandrelaxed.Asmostofourcustomersare__16__，theyspendforeigncurrency.Sincethereisforeigncurrency,ourcountryhaslotsofmoneyandbecomes__17__.Peoplelikeyouwhoarehappywithourservicevisitmoreoftenandspendmoremoneyinourcountry.That's__18__Iservemycountry.”Amazedatherattitude(态度),thebusinessman__19__herandwentbacktohisowncountry.Heworkedhardtoshowthe__20__attitudetowardshisworkers,andtodayhiscompanyisoneofthebestcompaniesintheworld.语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。一位商人从一家超市的一位员工那里学到了“友好的服务态度”后决定以同样的方式对待自己的员工。1．A.parentsB．workersC．folks D．friends解析：选B从下文的“...hewenttoasupermarketto__2__chocolatesandgiftsforhisworkersbackhome.”可知这位商人对他的员工很大方，给员工买礼物。2．A.receive B．produceC．sell D．buy解析：选D参见上题解析。3．A.hugged B．praisedC．welcomed D．kissed解析：选C从前面的“...aladygaveawarmsmile...”可知这个售货员冲他热情地微笑，表示“欢迎(welcomed)”他的到来。4．A.sad B．happyC．terrible D．nervous解析：选B因为受到了欢迎所以感到“高兴(happy)”才合乎常理。5．A.watching B．missingC．greeting D．seeing解析：选A由于售货员的微笑欢迎让他感到高兴，让他难忘那种微笑，所以他一直“注视(watching)”这个售货员。6．A.customers B．visitorsC．sellers D．children解析：选A根据“...shewasgivingthesamesmile...”可知她对所有“顾客(customers)”都面带微笑。7．A.guessing B．imaginingC．asking D．wondering解析：选D根据后文的“...ifshewaseverfedupwithdoingthesamethingagainandagain...”可知这位商人是“想知道(wondering)”这位女售货员是否对做相同的事情感到厌倦。8．A.proud B．tiredC．fond D．afraid解析：选B由上文的“fedupwith”可知，此处选tired更符合文意。9．A.angered B．criedC．smiled D．sighed解析：选C根据下文的“Theladysmiledagain...”可知她是“笑(smiled)”着说。10．A.like B．hateC．lose D．find解析：选A由“No,sir.Ihaveworkedhereforthelast10years...”可知她“喜欢(like)”这个工作。11．A.scared B．frightenedC．worried D．surprised解析：选D此处表示听了售货员的回答有点“惊讶(surprised)”。12．A.position B．jobC．career D．role解析：选B参见10题解析。13．A.restoring B．representingC．rescuing D．serving解析：选D由本段最后一句“Youareserving...”可知，这个售货员认为自己在为国家“服务(serving)”。14．A.interesting B．normalC．humorous D．brief解析：选A此处表示他认为售货员的回答“有趣(interesting)”。15．A.boss B．familyC．country D．shop解析：选C参见13题解析。16．A.strangers B．foreignersC．newcomers D．beggars解析：选B从后面的“...theyspendforeigncurrency.”可知到超市里来的人大都是“外宾(foreigners)”。17．A.stronger B．poorerC．larger D．richer解析：选D由本句的“...ourcountryhaslotsofmoney...”可知这个国家会变得“更富有(richer)”。18．A.how B．whyC．when D．what解析：选A上文指出这位商人对售货员用微笑为国家服务的方式感到好奇，这位售货员就解释了为自己国家服务的方式。19．A.paid B．thankedC．punished D．awarded解析：选B这位商人对这个售货员的工作态度很赞赏，“感谢(thanked)”她的服务和回答，所以选B项。20．A.public B．negativeC．same D．opposite解析：选C结合上文的“Amazedatherattitude...”可知这位商人对那个售货员的工作态度很赞赏，所以回去后也以“相同的(same)”工作态度来对待自己的员工。Ⅱ.阅读理解Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesofgrammar,andlearntowriteinanewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobemoreintelligentthanothers,sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfromtheirmistakes.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings；theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,activelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.语篇解读：本文介绍了几种成功的英语学习方法。1．Whatmakeslanguagelearningeasierforsomepeoplethanforothersaccordingtothistext?A．Somepeoplelearngrammarmorequicklythanothers.B．Successfullanguagelearnersusespecialtechniques.C．Somepeoplehavegoodteachersandgoodbooks.D．Successfullanguagelearnersaremoreintelligentthanothers.解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“...sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?...wemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.”以及第二、三、四段的内容可知答案。2．Howdosuccessfullanguagelearnerslearnlanguages?A．Theylearnindependently,activelyandpurposefully.B．Theylearnspecialtechniquesfromtheirteachers.C．Theylearntherulesandpatternsofthelanguagefrombooks.D．Theylearntothinkaboutthemeaningofeverynewword.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第二、三、四段的第一句话，尤其是最后一段中的“Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,activelyandpurposefully.”可知答案。3．Whydosuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularly?A．Theyfinditeasytocommunicate.B．Theylookforinexactinformation.C．Theywanttoteachthelanguagetoothers.D．Theywanttolearnfrompeoplewhospeakthelanguage.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.”可知答案。4．Whydidtheauthorwritethistext?A．ToteachpeopletospeakEnglish.B．Toexplainwhylanguagelearningisdifficult.C．Tocomparelanguagelearningwithothertypesoflearning.D．Toencouragelanguagelearnerstousethesetechniques.解析：选D写作意图题。根据文章最后一段的内容“...ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.”可知答案。加餐练(二)失分题型强化练Ⅰ.任务型阅读AlthoughmanyChinesestudentssaythattheirknowledgeofEnglishgrammarisgood,mostwouldadmitthattheirspokenEnglishispoor.WheneverIspeaktoaChinesestudenttheyalwayssay,“MyspokenEnglishispoor.”However,theirspokenEnglishdoesnothavetoremain“poor”！IwouldliketosuggestthattheremaybesomereasonsfortheirproblemswithspokenEnglish.First,theyfailtofindsuitablewordstoexpressthemselvesduetoalimitedvocabulary.Obviouslythebetteransweristoexpand(增加，扩充)theirvocabulary.However，youcanspeakwithalimitedvocabulary,ifyourattitudeispositive.Otherswillfollowyouaslongasyouusethewordsthatyouknow.Second,theyareafraidofmakingmistakes.Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareshyandnervous.YetstudentsshouldrememberthattheirgoalshouldbeFLUENCY(流利)NOTACCURACY(准确)．Youraiminwritingistobeaccuratefollowingtherulesforgrammarandusingtherightwordsandspellingthemcorrectly.However,inspeakingyouraimisfluency.YouwanttogetyourmessageacrosstotalktosomeoneinEnglish,asquicklyandaswellasyoucan,eventhoughsometimesyoumayuseawrongwordortense,butitdoesn'tmatterbecausethepersonyouarespeakingtowillunderstandyouandmakeallowancesforanymistakeshehears.Thethirdreasonisthatnotenoughattentionispaidtolistening.Youhaveonemouthbuttwoears!Allthathearingisnecessaryforyoutostartspeaking.Fourth,mostChinesestudentsarereactive(反应性的)ratherthanproactive(主动的)languagelearners.InsteadofactivelyseekingopportunitiestoimprovetheirspokenEnglishtheypassivelywaitforspeakingopportunitiestocometothemandwonderwhytheirEnglishalwaysremainspoor.Ifyouhavethisproactiveoutlook,thenyouwillseeEnglishopportunitieswhereveryougo.IfyoudonotuseyourEnglishbeyondtheclassroom,youwillforgetwhatyouknow.Remember:USEITORLOSEIT!YoucanlearnhowtospeakEnglishbetterbyspeakingEnglishmore.Title：(1)ProblemswithspokenEnglish(2)Reasons/CausesSuggestionsLimitofvocabularyYouhaveto(3)expandyourvocabulary.Youshouldtakea(4)positiveattitudetowardsspokenEnglish.Worriesaboutmakingmistakes(5)Shynessandnervousnessmakeiteasytomakemistakes.More(6)attentionshouldbepaidtofluency.LackofattentionwhilelisteningAllthathearingis(7)necessaryforyoutostartspeaking.Beingpassive(8)insteadofbeingactiveTohave(9)proactiveoutlook.Youshouldmake(10)useofallopportunitiestoimproveyourspokenEnglish.Ⅱ.书面表达你们学校最近做了一项调查，调查的主题是：学生是否可以在寒假期间打零工结果原因89%选择不去1.