形容词和副词 中考英语【思维导图+ 考点速记+对点练习】 核心语法

形容词和副词考点热度★★★★内容索引内容索引命题趋势形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1.形容词的比较等级；2.形容词词义辨析；3.形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。知识导图形容词和副词；形容词的概念及句法功能；副词的概念及句法功能知识链接（一）形容词的分类（二）形容词的句法功能（三）副词的基本用法（四）副词的分类（五）易混副词辨析考点突破考点1：形容词的分类考点2：形容词的句法功能考点3：副词的基本用法考点4：副词的分类考点5：易混副词辨析小试牛刀2022年各地模拟20题直击中考2022年各地中考20题知识导图知识导图知识知识链接知识点01形容词的分类【语法详解】分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的【即学即练】UncleLianghasagreatcollectionof_________watches.A.enjoyable B.valuable C.comfortable知识点02形容词的句法功能【语法详解】成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面It’sacoldandwindydaytoday.今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面Helookshappytoday.他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征Ithinkitimpossibleforhimtofinishtheworkbeforedark.我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。【即学即练】—It'sveryimportantforustokeep________.—Youareright.Weshouldlearnhowtoprotectourselveswhenwe'reintrouble.A.rapid B.safe C.lucky D.social知识点03副词的基本用法【语法详解】副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。►Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。►Heisveryhappytoday.他今天非常高兴。►＂Whathappened?＂Iasked,ratherangrily.＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。►Inspring,Icanseeflowerseverywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。►Haveyoureadthisbookbefore?(副词，作时间状语)你以前读过这本书吗？►Hewillarrivebeforeteno’clock.（介词，beforeteno’clock是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。【即学即练】Aftermonthsoflookinghe________foundajob.Thatmadehimquitehappy.A.hardly B.quickly C.finally D.sadly知识点04副词的分类【语法详解】副词按词汇意义可分为：1.时间副词：today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still1）表示发生时间的副词：►It’sbeginningtorainnow!现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。►Sheoftenchangeshermind.她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：►Hehasjusthadanoperation.他刚动过手术。2.地点副词：here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home1）有不少表示地点的副词：►Sheisstudyingabroad.她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：①用作介词：Standup!起立！②用作副词：Acatclimbedupthetree.猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：It’sthesameeverywhere.到处都一样。3.方式副词：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：►Howbeautifullyyourwifedances.你夫人舞跳得真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：►Shesmiledgratefully.她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：►Heleftthetownsecretly.他悄然离开了这座城市。4.程度副词：very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite5.频度副词：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never6.疑问副词：where,how,why7.否定副词：no,not,neither,nor8.其他副词：also,too,only【即学即练】—Howoftendoyougotothecinema?—________.Ionlywatchmoviesathome.A.Always B.Usually C.Sometimes D.Never知识点05易混副词辨析【语法详解】英语中一些词加不加ly都是副词，但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地；hardly几乎没有►Theyworkveryhard.他们工作非常努力。►Ihardlyknowher.我不怎么认识她.【即学即练】Tomstudies________,sohe________failstheexam.A.hardly;hardly B.hard;hardly C.hard;hard D.hardly;hard在英文中，应该注意hard和hardly的区别，hard可以作形容词或副词，意为＂努力＂，也可以指雨大或雪大，而hardly是副词，意为＂几乎不＂。在实际使用时，应注意它们的区别。late迟到；lately最近►Youhavecometoolate.你来得太晚了。►Haveyouseehimlately?你最近见到过他吗？pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地►Theexamwasprettydifficult.这次考试相当难。►Thelittlegirlisalwaysprettilydressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地；closely（抽象）亲密地►Theysatclosetogether►Whoiscloselytoyou,yourmomoryourdad?【即学即练】—Chinahasformedadeepfriendshipwithcountriesaroundtheworld.—That’strue.Weareworkingtogetherinmanyfields.A.closely B.nervously C.terribly D.humorouslyhigh(具体高度)高地；highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地►Thekitesflyhighinthesky.这些风筝在天空飞得很高。►Histeachersthinkveryhighlyofhim.（老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高。deep（空间的，具体）深度；deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地►Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。►KarenandDavearedeeplyinlovewitheachother.凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽；widely广泛地►Thedoorwaswideopen.门被开得大大的。►Wewerewidelydifferentonmanyquestions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。【即学即练】Peoplespeak________oftheboybecausehecanflykitesvery________.A．high;high B．high;highly C．highly;high D．highly;highly考点突破考点突破考点01形容词的位置Wouldyouliketogo_________?A．anywhereinwarm B．warmlysomewhere C．somewherewarm D．warmsomewhere【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：你想去暖和的地方吗？第二步-考查地点副词，根据“Wouldyouliketogo…?”可知，此处为一般疑问句，通常some需要变为any，但是在表示征求对方意见，想得到对方肯定回答时，还是用some，形容词修饰somewhere需要后置，位于其后，故选C。

【结论】1.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?你想喝点热的东西吗？Thereisnothingimportantinthepaper.报上没什么重要的事情。2.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。Thebridgeisabouttwohundredmetreslong.这座桥长约两百米。Lastyearwebuiltabuildingthirteenstoreyshigh.去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3.多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。aChinesewritingdesk一张中式写字桌hercharmingsmallroundpinkface她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋thosebeautifullittleoldChineseearthenvases那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶【典例秒杀】MissGaohas________hairand________glasses.A．longblack;putson B．blacklong;in C．longblack;wears D．blacklong;wearsMissGreenboughtapairof________boots.A．redleatherhigh B．highleatherred C．highredleather D．redhighleatherMymotherwantstobuya________forme.ButIwantablueone.A．yellownewcottonjacket B．newyellowcottonjacketC．newcottonyellowjacket D．yellowcottonnewjacketMissBrownhas________hair.A．longblondecurly B．longcurlyblonde C．longblackcurly考点02The+形容词About80percentoftheclass________mostofthework.Therest________reallydifficult.A．havedone;is B．havedone;are C．hasdone;is D．hasdone;are【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：80%左右的学生已经做了大部分工作。剩余部分真的很难。第二步-对考察的中心词进行单复数判断，“About80percentoftheclass”的中心词是theclass，意为“全班学生”，是复数概念，故第一空应填havedone，排除C、D；“Therest”指代therestofthework，意为“剩下的工作”，work是不可数名词，看作单数，故第二空应填is。故选A。【结论】The+形容词表示某一类人或事物，当他们做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

theyoung年轻人theold老人

Theyoungliketogotobarstosinganddance.

【典例秒杀】—Thehomeless________sopoorthattheyhavenowheretolive.—Exactly,buttoourjoy,thelocalgovernmentcan________themwithspecialplacestostay.A．is;offer B．are;give C．are;provide D．is;affordTheold________thecoldmorethantheyoung.A．feels B．feel C．isfeeling D．arefeelingThepoor________gettingfewerandfewerinourcountrytheseyearsundertheleadershipofPresidentXi.A．is B．are C．was D．wereAlthoughthedeaf_________alotof_________communicatingwithothers,theyalwaystrytheirbesttomakethemselvesunderstood.A．have,problem B．have,difficulty C．has,trouble D．has,questions考点03-ing形容词与-ed形容词

andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.A．Surprised B．Surprising C．Beingsurprised D．Tobesurprised【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：又惊奇又开心，Tony站起来接受这个奖品。第二步-对考察的形容词修饰物判断，surprised惊奇的，常修饰人；surprising令人惊奇的，修饰物；beingsurprised是系表结构；tobesurprised是动词不定式形式。and后面是一个形容词，这个空也应填形容词，根据句意可知，Tony感到很惊奇，故应选A。

【结论】-ing形容词与-ed形容词

-ing形容词：一般用来形容事物本身具有的特征、性质，主语一般是事或物

-ed形容词：一般用来形容人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。

例句Thisstoryissointerestingthatweareallinterestedinit.

常见的此类形容词有:

interesting(有趣的)→interested(感兴趣的);

surprising(令人惊讶的)→surprised(感到惊讶的);

boring(无聊的)→bored(感到厌烦的);

disappointing(令人失望的)→disappointed(失望的);

moving(令人感动的)→moved(感动的);

tiring(令人疲倦的)→tired(感到疲倦的);

【典例秒杀】Shecanmakeherclass________andoftenmakesherstudents________.interesting;laughing B．interesting;laugh C．interested;laugh D．interested;laughingThe________gamemakesme________,soIwanttoplayforawhile.A．relaxed;

relaxing B．relax;

relaxed C．relaxing;

relaxing D．relaxing;

relaxedInthefuture,robotswilldo________jobsinplaceofpeopleinordernottogetus________.A．bored;bored B．boring;boring C．boring;bored—Doyouthinkthethingsinthemuseum________?—Yes,andweare________inallofthem.A．interesting;interesting B．interesting;interestedC．interested;interesting D．interested;interested考点04enough用法Itwasnot________forustosolve(解决)themathproblem.Fewofuscanevenunderstandit.A．easyenough B．enougheasy C．difficultenough D．enoughdifficult【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：对我们来说解答这道数学题已经够困难了。甚至我们中几乎没有人能理解它。第二步-考查enough的用法。enough足够；easy容易的；difficult困难的。根据后句“Fewofuscanevenunderstandit.”可知这道题不容易，且此题空格前有“not”否定词，应用easy，排除C、D选项。enough修饰形容词或副词时，enough需后置，即放在形容词或副词的后面，故选A。

【结论】enough用作副词，充当形容词或副词修饰语，但必须后置。又如：①Hewalksslowlyenough.他走得够慢的了。②Thisarticleisdifficultenoughtowrite.这篇文章够难写得了。enough用作代词，既可代表可数名词，也可代表不可数名词。如：①----Doyouneedmorechairs?你们还要椅子吗？----No.Ithinkthereareenoughtogoround.不要了，我想够用了。②AttheendofsixmonthshehadlearnedenoughtoreadarticlesandreportsinRussian.六个月底，他已经学得足以用俄语读文章和报告了。enough用作形容词作定语时，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，可放在被修饰的名词前或后。如：①Thereareenoughseats（seatsenough）forthemall.有足够的座位让他们都坐下。【典例秒杀】Thebookis_______forustoreadandit’salsofun.A．easyenough B．enoughdifficult C．difficultenough D．enougheasyThismoviewasn’t________.Hefellasleephalfwaythrough.A．interestingenough B．enoughinterestingC．interestedenough D．enoughinterested—Thisdressis________.CanI________?—Ofcourse,youcan.A．enoughcheap;tryonit B．cheapenough;tryonitC．enoughcheap;tryiton D．cheapenough;tryitonIhaven’tgot________booksforthem.A．goodenough B．enoughgood C．wellenough D．enoughwell考点05形容词变副词

I’m________sorryforwhatIhavedone.（terrible）【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：我为我所做的事感到非常抱歉。第二步-对考察的单词进行词性判断，terrible形容词，翻译为“糟糕的”。分析句子可知，此处用于修饰其后的形容词sorry，所以此处应用其副词形式修饰形容词，故填terribly。【结论】形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，―元(e)去e加，―辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y。分别举例如下：quick—quickly;true—truly;happy—happily;possible—possibly具体规则如下：1.一般情况下直接加―ly，如：recent—recently polite—politelysad—sadly immediate—immediately2.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：true-truly due-duly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：polite—politely wide—widelywise—wisely nice—nicely3.以―个y结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将―y改成―i，再加―ly，如：happy—happily heavy—heavily angry—angrily busy—busily但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly，如：dry—dryly shy---shyly4.以ic结尾的词，加ally，如：economic—economicallybasic—basically scientific—scientificallyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：simple—simplyconsiderable—considerablyterrible—terriblygentle—gentlypossible—possiblyprobable—probably元音字母加le时加ly，如：sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。6.以-ll结尾时，只须加–y，如：dull—dully shrill—shrilly需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendlypeoplemotherlycare lovelydogmonthlyexam heavenlypeaceamanlysport【典例秒杀】Ifyoucanuseaword________,itmeansyouunderstandit.(correct)How________computersareused!（wide）“Youhavekeptmewaitingforsuchalongtime!”thegirlcomplained________.(angry)Theboywentbackhome________withhisschoolreportinhishand.(exciting)小试牛刀小试牛刀1．（2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The________TaihuTunnelHighSpeedWaywasopentothepubicthisyear.A．40meterwide B．40meterswideC．40-meter-wide D．40-meters-wide2．（2022·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—Itisnecessaryforstudentstohave________,sotheycanrelaxthemselves.—That’sright.Studentsarebusyeveryday.A．tenminutesbreak B．ten-minutes’breakC．tenminute’sbreak D．aten-minutebreak3．（2022·内蒙古兴安盟·一模）Whentheboyheardthathismotherwasbadlyill,helookedvery________.A．sad B．sadly C．happy D．happily4．（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）—Whodoyouadmirethemost?—QianXuesen.He’sthefatherofChinesemissiles(导弹).He’sthe________ofChina.Andweare_________tobedoingourpartforourcountry.A．leader;pride B．proud;proudC．pride;proud D．general;pride5．（2022·贵州铜仁·一模）—Thiskindofdresslooks________andsells________inthesupermarket.—Itisahotstyle!A．nice；good B．nice；well C．well；well D．good；nice6．（2022·湖北·武汉七一华源中学模拟预测）—Thesightofourhometownneverfailstoimpressvisitors.—Soitis.It’sso________.A．available B．crowded C．fascinating D．tiring7．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）—Thedressfeelsso________.What’sitmadeof?—Silk.A．comfortable B．bored C．softly D．beautifully8．（2022·云南昆明·二模）OnApril16th,2022,ourastronautsendedtheir________spacetripandcamebackfromtheChinesespacestationwithhonors.A．six-month B．sixmonths C．six-hour D．sixhours9．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Jenny’sparentswerecompletely________whentheysawthe________changesinher.A．surprising;amazing B．surprised;amazing C．surprised;amazed10．（2022·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测）Afterhiswifedied,theoldmanlivedinthetown________,buthedidn’tfeel________becauseofhisgoodneighbors.A．alone;lonely B．lonely;alone C．alone;alone11．（2022·西藏拉萨·一模）Hedoesn’tdohishomework________,thoughhehas________.A．carefullyenough;enoughtime B．enoughcarefully;timeenoughC．carelesslyenough;enoughtime D．enoughcarefully,enoughtime12．（2022·西藏拉萨·一模）Wemustkeepeverything________.A．cleaning B．toclean C．clean D．cleaned13．（2022·四川·富顺第三中学校二模）Mr.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass_________andkeepshisstudents_________inclass.A．lively;interesting B．alive;interested C．lively;interested14．（2022·四川·泸州市江阳区枫叶佳德学校三模）Thecakessmell________andtheysell________.A．well,good B．good;well C．well,well D．good;good15．（2022·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）—Duringthishardtime,itis________tohaveplentyoffoodtoeat.—Yeah,Iagreewithyou.Wereallyshouldn’tcomplaintoomuch.A．goodenough B．toogood C．badenough D．toobad16．（2022·湖北咸宁·模拟预测）—ShenzhouVIspacecraftcarryingthreeChina’sastronautswas________launched.—Amazing!Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspace.A．successful B．successfully C．success D．succeed17．（2022·重庆市育才中学二模）Mr.Wilsonalwaysanswershisstudents’questions________.Nowonderheisthemostpopularteachersinourschool.A．patient B．impatient C．patiently D．impatiently18．（2022·重庆市杨家坪中学二模）Shedidn’tspeak________.Icanhardlyhearwhatshesaid.A．clearly B．lovely C．widely D．friendly19．（2022·广西贵港·三模）—Maria’seatinghabitisnotgood.She________eatvegetables.—Wecan’tlearnfromher.Weshouldeatmorevegetablesandlessmeat.A．seldom B．usually C．often D．always20．（2022·贵州铜仁·三模）Theroomis________tohold100peopleformeeting.A．bigenough B．enoughbig C．enoughsmall D．smallenough直击中考直击中考21．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Doesyourbrotherplaycomputergames?—No,he________playsthem.Healwaysreadsbooks.A．sometimes B．often C．never22．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）—Bill,IplannedtogiveyouthecardonSaturday,butI________forgot.—That’sOK.Iwon’tuseituntilnextweekend.A．completely B．recently C．quietly D．clearly23．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）Tinagetsupearlyeverymorning,sosheis________lateforschool.A．often B．always C．usually D．never24．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）WhydoesJohnactso________?Look,he’sspeakingfaster,hisfacebecomesredderandyoucanalmostseefireinhiseyes.A．happily B．angrily C．calmly D．sadly25．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）Andydoesn’tlikejunkfoodatall,soshe________eatsit.A．often B．sometimes C．usually D．never26．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Amydidverywellinherreport.Sheis________topayattentiontoeverydetail.A．enoughcareful B．carefulenough C．enoughcareless D．carelessenough27．（2022·天津·中考真题）Althoughhefailedmanytimes,he________gaveuphisdream.A．nearly B．never C．often D．always28．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Jessica,it’sraining________outside.—Oh,youshouldbe________whenyoudrivetowork.A．hard;careful