语法填空专题高考英语

专题一定语从句I.典题呈现NewYearcoming,IhavemanyfriendstoIamgoingtosendpostcards.Iwillgotothecountrysidetoseemygrandparents,withIwillspendthewholesummervacation.【要点】定语从句关系代词中，能和介词连用的只有两个，分别是、。ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.Thoseareoftenlateforclassshouldbewarnedfirst.Iftheypromisetobepunctualnexttime,weshouldbelieveit.Anyoneisquick-mindedshouldalsobecarefulwiththeirhandwriting,becausebeautifulhandwritingcaninvisiblyincreaseyourscores.【要点】定语从句关系代词that和who中，能和指“人"的不定代词(anyone,someone,those等)连用的为。Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.Idon,twanttoputupforthenightinthissmallinn,windowsareshabbyandit'stoocoldtolivethere.【要点】定语从句中关系代词whose可以代指—或;在句子中充当成分。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething__wassomeoneelse,sfault.Heisasocialboy.Anythinghappenssurroundinghimcaneasilydistracthisconcentration.Hereallyneedstocalmdown.【要点】定语从句关系代词中，能和指“物”的不定代词(something,anything等)连用的为。ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill,andtheythinkitfascinating.TheonlypartofthemealIreallylikedwasthedessert.Idon,tlikethesoup,becauseitwastoosalty.Shineoncesaidjokingly,“Heisthelastman Iwanttomarryintheworld”.【要点】限定性定语从句中，中心词(指物而有序数词、最高级、theonly等修饰时，关系代词选择。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonstheyhaveseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.【要点】限定性定语从句关系代词that和which中，中心词出现“人物并存”的情况时，关系代词选择。Heistheonlypersonto IcanturnforhelpwhenIamintrouble.Iknowhewillcomeandhelp.Mr.Andersonwasabsentfromthemeeting.Doesanybodyknowthereasonforhedidn,tattendthemeeting?【要点】定语从句中的，能和“适当介词''连用的关系代词有。Therearesomeoccasionsyouneedtowearsuitstotakepartinsomesocialactivities,suchasweddingsandparties.Therearesometimes Ifeeldepressed,butingeneralIamanoutgoingboy.【要点】定语从句中心词表示“时间概念”、且定语从句缺少关系副词时，关系副词选择SuchmachinesareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.Itisexpensivetoimportmachinesabroad.【要点】限定性定语从句中，中心词前面有“such,so,as,thesame”修饰时，关系代词选择weallknow,heisadiligentstudent.Heknowswhereheisandwhereheshouldgo.Hepreparedwellenough,andsucceededinpassingthetest,weexpected.【要点】非限定性定语从句中，能放到句首、且有‘正如”的意思的关系代词是。OppositeisSt.Paul,sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.ThisisthemountainvillageIvisitedlastyearandithaschangedbeyondrecognition.【要点】定语从句中，中心词表示地点时，关系词的选择依而定。IwillneverforgetthedaymyfatherreturnedfromtheUSandIamhappythathecansendmetoschooleverymorning.Hewillmissthedayshespentthere.【要点】定语从句中，中心词表示时间时，关系词的选择依而定。Heisanill-manneredmanandIdon,tlikethewayhespeaktome.Mymotherisverystrict,andIadmireherforthewayherparentstreather.【要点】限定性定语从句中，theway做中心词时、从句缺方式状语的情况下，引导词一般常用。Hehasalotoffriends,noneofwillofferhelpwhenheisintrouble.Rather,Ihavejusttwofriends,andbothofwillcometomyassistancewhennecessary.Twoisenough.【要点】大家注意并列句和非限定性定语从句的区别：由并列连词“and,but等”连接的为Hisheadsoonspreadoutofthewindow,fromhesawnothingbuttrees.Hespent2hoursclimbingtothetopofthemountain,fromhecouldseeabeautifulscene.Hebegantopractisethepianoat6,sincehistalentforithasbecomemoreandmoreevident.【要点】少数情景下，会出现“fromwhere”“sincewhen”的现象，建议单独记忆。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswho(be)abletocomeupwiththesolution.JustinBieberisoneofthesingerswho(impress)mealot.【要点】限定性定语从句的谓语动词的单复数要依而定。II.对点通关、回归高考Maybeyouhaveahabitisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Tibetissuchaplaceallthepeopleacrosstheworldaredreamingofvisiting.Manyyoungpeople,mostofwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitecaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeachwewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarketpeoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.Iamlookingformyglasses,andwithoutIcan’twatchTVclearly.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,butnoneofhasbeenproved.Thechildren,allofwhichhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.(改错)m.定语从句在写作中的应用.那些学习成绩优秀的学生往往能很好地管理自己的时间，而且擅长写学习日志。（thosewho,academicperformance,notonly,butalso,organizetheirtime,keepastudyjournal).既然金钱如此重要，我们往往认为有钱的人很重要。（since,consider,thosewho,possess,tobeveryimportant）.我深深的爱着我的校园，在这里到处可见和蔼的老师、友好的同学和多种多样的野生动植物。(fallindeeplovewith,where,diversewildlife)N.定语从句和生活Lifeinhighschoolisbusy.Everybodyseemstohaveendlesshomeworktofinish.Togetagoodacademicperformance,itisstronglyrecommendedthatyoushouldlearntoorganizeyourtimewell.Thosethatjustfinishtheexerciseswithoutenoughthinkingseemtofinditdifficulttomakegreatprogress.Rather,youcandefinitelyimproveveryfastifyouuseyourtimeefficiently.Focusonthethingsareimportantandnecessaryandyoucanbuildmoreandmoreconfidence.（请找出以上文本中的语言错误，数量不限。）V.用适当的关系词把以下句子合并。Peterdancedandsangallevening.PeopleusedtothinkPeterwasquiet.Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning.Thentherewasaheavyfog.Hewentonabustourwithagroupofpeople.Mostofthemhadnevertravelledbefore.Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday.Shehadpainteditespeciallyforme.WhenIwentonatouraroundChina,Isawmanyhistoricalsites.Itwasveryexciting.专题二名词性从句.典题呈现It,struethecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudents.I,mwritingtotellyoumyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconference.Theendresultiswefeellikewecan,tfocusorthatwe,refocusedonthewrongthings.【要点】在名词性从句中，that（有/没有）具体意思，只起 作用，（能/不能）省略。Hisquestionistheycanbefriends,becausetheirpersonalitiesaretotallydifferent.Hehasn,tmadethedecisionhewillgotheretomorrowbecauseheistoobusyrecently.【要点】引导表语从句时用，不用；引导同位语从句时，用,不用。Itwasneverclearthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.Justrelax!Theplanewilldefinitelysetoff.Butthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsontheweather.Scientistsstudyhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.Therefore,theyfunctionsimilarly.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“ThafsIwasborn.”【要点】名词从句中根据句子的意思选择相应的证词。Itisnecessaryweshouldlearnallthewordsbyheart.ItisknowntoallTaiwanisonlypartofChina.ItisapityImissedthepartyheldlastnight.ItsuddenlyoccurredtomeIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.【要点】在以上句型中是真正的主语，是形式主语。Ourschoolisquitedifferentfromitwasbefore.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.ThisisIaminterestedin.【要点】在以上句型中,what既起 作用，又要充当/ /等，它有具体含义。Idon,tknowtoleaveornot.Everythingdependsonitisfinetomorrow.Iamnotsurehewillcomehere.【要点】whether和if区别：引导宾从时与不定式搭配使用作宾语时只能用；引导介词后的宾语从句时只能用whether,不用if。Itisstillunderdiscussiontheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.wewillsucceedisstillaquestion,becauseouropponentsarealsostrong.【要点】whether和if都可以引导主从，但是引导的主从不能位于句首。Ihateitwecan,tdiscussthingsopenly.Ireallyappreciateityoucandomethisfavor.Idon,tlikeityougetangry.Shewon,tlikeityouarrivelate.Youmaydependonitshewillgowithyou.【要点】有些动词或动词短语如： / / /或一般不直接跟从句，需要借助代指真正的宾语，真正的宾语是由 / /引导的从句。Weconsideritpossibleheisillbecausehehasaskedfortwodays,leave.Ifeelitapityshecan,tcome.Wecouldhavegoneforapicnictogether.Hemadeitclearheobjectedtotheplanandsuggestedthatweshouldmakesomenecessaryadjustments.【要点】一些及物动词如：think/believe/consider/feel等引导宾语从句时，宾语可以后置，用―做形式宾语。Thereasonhecanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversityissheworksharderthanothers.Hedoesnotliketorelyonotherstohelphim.That,shecandoitbyhimself.【要点】"Thereasonwhy…is”结构中后用而不用becauseoItisalreadygettingdark.Idoubthewillcomebackontime.Hecanarrangehistimeverywell.Idon,tdoubthecanfinishthetaskontime.Heispatient,persistent,andintelligent.Ihavenodoubthewillsucceed.【要点】在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接或引导的从句；在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接引导的从句。Myadviceisthatyou(think)itoverbeforeyoumakeadecision.Hissuggestionisthatwe(do)ourworkmorecarefully.Hisdemandwasthatthesystem.(adjust)【要点】表示建议、要求、命令等的名词如：advice、order、demand、proposal、suggestion>request、requirement、desire等的表语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用“()+动词原形”虚拟语气结构。hewillcomeandhelpusiscertain,asheisalwayssuchareliableperson.Hesaidthebookwasveryinterestingandthatallthechildrenlikedtoreadit.Thewayhetoldmeisverypractical.【要点】that在名词性从句中只起连接作用没有任何含义，而在定语从句中要充当句子成分，如：//等。Heisverydifficulttogetalongwith.Healwaysthinkshesaysisright.Hi,everybody.Teswillbewelcomed.It,sdinnertimeandrestaurantsareoccupied.We,lleatatrestauranthasafreetable.TrustmeandI'llstandbyyouhappens.【要点】whatever表示“不论什么都……”，相当于anythingthat，常用来引导从句和从句，在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语；whoever表示“不论谁都……”，相当于，常用来引导主语从句和宾语从句;whichever表示“不论哪个都……”；whatever,whoever,whichever除了用于引导名词性从句外，还可以引导状语从句，分别相当于,,。.对点通关、回归高考Ican,tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.Thafsherefusedmyinvitation.Iamveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.weneedismoretime.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.andtheywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.Pleasetellmeyouarewaitingfor.Isthatyouarelookingfor?Wouldyoupleasetellmethenearestpostofficeis?Idon,tknowhewillagreetotheplanornot.Thequestionisthefilmisworthseeing.DoyoudoubtIbelieveyou?Thismuseumisnotitwastenyearsago.Thereasonforhissuccessisheworkshard.Shedresseswell,butthetroubleistheclothessheiswearingdon,tgowitheachotherverywell.Thesuggestionstudentsshouldlearnsomepracticalknowledgeisworthconsidering.Itdependsonwehaveenoughtime.YouhavenoideaanxiousIhavebeenforhersafety.Nowwecanseeaseriousproblemthepopulationis.Iwanttobuysomestamps.Canyoutellmethere,sapostofficenearhere?There,ssomedoubtshewillbeabletorepaythemoneyontime.Myradiodoesn,twork.Idon,tknowisthetrouble.hedoesn'tlikethemisveryclear.Choosingtherightdictionarydependsonyouwantuseitfor.Thefiredestroyedwasinthebuilding.m.名词性从句在写作中的应用根据以下信息，用五句话写一篇连贯的短文，尽可能运用名词性从句。李红给我写了一封信。在信中她说已经习惯了新学校的生活。上周末她们去了一个叫卡巴(Karba)的地方。在那里看到的一切令她难忘。但她不能理解的是为什么有人不喜欢那里的文化。她还表达了一个愿望:我们经常给她写信。IV.名词性从句和生活Idon,tknow1.youhavenoticedthatsomestudentsdon,twanttowalktoschool.2.canbeseeneverydaythattheirparentsdrivethemtoschool.Butnowadays,whatweshouldrealizeis3.theairisseriouslypolluted.Doyouknow4.wecandoaboutit?Ithink5.importantthatweshouldtakeactionrightnow.HereIhaveasuggestionthatwe6.(ride)onourbikestoschool!7.wecandoitwillnotonlyhavesignificantbenefitsforourhealth,butalsohelpimproveourenvironment.Whetherwewillhaveabetterenvironmentdependson8.wecandoforourselvesandfornature.专题三并列句和状语从句I.典题呈现Theearthisoneofthesun,splanets,themoonisoursatellite.TomorrowisSunday.Youcanhavearestathomeyoucangotothecinema.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.【要点】并列句中连词的选择要依靠而定。—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.—一Thefirsttwoarefreethethirdcosts$30.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,anumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.【要点】连词表示对比，强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”。OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaymydaughterheardcriesforhelp.Wewereabouttostartitbegantorain.Hewasonthepointofleavingsomeoneknockedatthedoor.shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.【要点】时间状语从句中，表示“突然”。Pleasedon,ttalksoloudothersareworking.Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Ilivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.timegoeson,it,sgettingwarmerandwarmer.【要点】when,while,as三者区别：三者引导时间状语从句时，只能和进行时态连用的是;既可以和进行时，又可以和过去时连用的是;可以翻译成“随着”的是。Findwaystopractiseyourchildrenoften,you,llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.Hurryup,you,llbelateforschool.OnemorehourandI(be)abletogetmyhouseworkfinished.WorkhardatEnglishinaproperway,youwillfinditnothardtostudy.【要点】本句型为：祈使句+适当连词(and,but,or,otherwise)+陈述句。其中陈述句常用时态。Hotthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.Childheis,heknowstohelpother.MuchIlikeParis,Icouldn'tlivethere.【要点】连词as引导从句、翻译成时，从句的表语、状语、谓语动词需要提前;连词though引起倒装时，用法和as引起的倒装用法;although不能引起倒装。regularexerciseisveryimportant,it,sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.mymotherlovesmeverymuch,sheisverystrictwithme.【要点】同上。Nomatterbusyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.=busyyouare,youshouldsetasidehalfanhourtotakeexercise.Nomatterhappened,hewouldnotmindit.=happened,hewouldnotmindit.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.=youare,youmustkeepthelaw.【要点】在以上例句中，nomatter+疑问词/-ever类词均引导状语从句。Justmakeyourselfathomeandeatyoulike.isondutytodayshouldcleantheblackboard.Wewilleatinarestaurantthisweekend.AndImakeanagreementthatarriveslastwillpaythebill.【要点】在以上例句中，-ever类词均引导从句。显而易见，-ever类词的功能较强大。Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightswesawland.Jasonwastooweak.Wehadn,trunamilehefelttired.ItwillbehalfayearIcomeback,duringwhichtimeyouhavetotakegoodcareofyourself.Ihavetosaygoodbyenow,butIbelievethatitwon,tbelongbeforewemeetagain.【要点】连词的翻译方式较多，如：“还未…就…；不到…就…；…才…；还没来得及…就…”。I(write)homefourtimessinceIcamehere.She(work)inthisfactorysincesheleftschool.It(be)oneyearsinceIbegantosmoke.It(be)oneyearsinceIsmoked.【要点】连词since引导的时间状语从句中，常用时态；主句常用或时态。追加问题：3.4例句的意思有区别吗？Ihadhardlygothomeitbegantorain.hadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthetrainleft.Nohadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.要点：表示“一…就…”的常见搭配有：...nosooner和...hardly/scarcely...。结构中主句的谓语动词应用时态，而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用时态。当nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，其所在的主句应用语序。Every/EachtimewhenIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.(改错)Nexttimewhenyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.(改错)ThelasttimewhenshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.(改错)【要点】Everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime,anytime等名词短语可以"充当''连词，引导时间状语从句。请记住，一个从句用个引导词即可！I,llspeakslowlysoyoucanunderstandme.Inorderwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.【要点】inorderthat,sothat意为“以便…；为了…”引导状语从句。IgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversityIwas22yearsold.IgraduatedfromCambridgeUniversitylastsummer,Iwas22yearsold.Chinaisnowatastageofacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionisparticularlyprominent.【要点】When引导定语从句和时间状语从句的区别：若when引导定语从句,when前面必然有表示的名词，即先行词;若when引导时间状语从句,则其前面没有表示时间的名词同时，从句可以置于主句之后，也可以置于主句之前。thereisawill,thereisaway.Thereisneverpeacewheremenare(greed).【要点】where还可以引导条件状语从句，其语法功能相当于连词短语onconditionthat,aslongas等。WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayitrainsorit,sverycold.You,llfailtheexamyoustudyhard(=ifyoudon,tstudyhard).【要点】Unless从句的谓语动词只能用(肯定式/否定式)；unless和if...not同义，可互换。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearhisfathermightseehim.Marydidn,twanttogetoutofbedforfear shemightwakeherbabyup.【要点】forfear表示担心某事会发生一It,scloudyoutside.Takeyourraincoatincaseit(rain).(=itshouldrain).Itwascloudyoutside.Hetookanumbrellaincaseof(rain).【要点】表示“以防(万一)”出现某种情况，后面接目的状语从句。表示“以防(万一)”，后面接名词。Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryone(hear)thenews.He(work)hardathislessons,sothathegainedhighgradesintheexams.Heworkedhardathislessonssohecouldgainhighgradesintheexams.【要点】sothat既可以引导状语从句，又可以引导状语从句，引导目的状语从句中常会有情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would等,而引导结果状语从句中一般没有情态动词，且前面有逗号隔开。Mikeisanhonestworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.=Mikeishonestaworkerthatweallbelieveinhim.Heearnedsofewmoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.(改错)cleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultquestions.【要点】such…that../so…that…区别：so+形容词/副词；such+名词结构。此时，恰当断句很重要。TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairhewantedtositnexttohiswife.everyoneishere,let,sbeginourmeeting.hedidn,tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.一Whydidn,tyouanswermyphonejustnow?—： Iwascookinginthekitchenanditwastoonoisy.【要点】because/as/since引导原因状语从句的区别：用来回答why的提问，语气最强。表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。Theplanhasbeenmade.Youjustdoyouaretoldto.Takearestnowandleavethetableitis.Iwilldothecleaninglater.【要点】引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”。Jackwasn,tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe(do)somethingveryclever.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhe(be)herownson.IfeeluneasyandIfeelasifIhaveafever.【要点】Asif/asthough引导方式状语从句，一般用语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用语气。30.Hedoesn,trunfastasJack(does).Yourpenwritessmoothlyasmine.【要点】as...as;notso/as...as表示同程度级的比较。n,对点通关，回归高考Count,butneverstopyoufindthetenth.Thereareseveralreasonsforsleep.Wesleepweneedtodream.therearenoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.Moreandmorepeoplearewillingtoshoponlinetogetwhattheywant,andIamoneofthem.Ijustcan,thelpbuyingthingsIneedthemornot.wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.hehasdecidedtocometoseeyou,whendoyouthinkhewillcome?Allowchildrenspacetovoicetheiropinionseventheyaredifferentfromyours.Motheroftenremindsmethatthebestthingonecandoitisrainingistoletitrain.Actually,theLondonOlympicparkisbuiltthereusedtobeapoorarecalledEastLondon.Anymeasureofanad,sperformanceisentirelypointlessitcouldbeviewedbyaperson.m.单句改错Ihopeyou,llsoonfeelcalmorcarryontoachieveyourgoal.Notonlydidwetakeabreakfromourheavyschoolwork,municatewitheachother.WhenIwasontheplatform,andIwassonervousthatmuchsweatwasonmyforehead.Success,toagreatextent,canbeinfluencedbyluck,andthisisnottosayluckisanaccident.OneMondayafternoon,wewereplayingbasketballintheplaygroundwhileIsuddenlyslippedandfellover.Whenwegotthere,thefirefighterswelcomedusbutledusintoanexhibitionhall.IhaveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,shelivesalonebuthasapetdog,sparky.Thoughyou,reinterestedinit,youcanbuyitviatheInternet.IV.联系生活MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1.hewenttoseniorschool.Everydayheworked2.everyoneelseinmyclasslefttheclassroom.Hesaidhewouldn'tstoptrying3.hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies.Hard4.hetried,hemadelittleprogress.Buthedidn,tloseheartatall5.hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday.6.timewentby,hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversity,7.wehadverygoodtime.Whenwestood8.weusedtoplayandstudy,wecouldn,thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays.Webelievedwewouldneverforgeteachother,9.wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo.10专题四情态动词和虚拟语气I.典题呈现Idon,tthinkShijiazhuangisaverycomfortableplacetolivein.It_beveryhothereinsummer.Itisforbiddentodrinkbeforedriving,becauseaccidentshappentoanydrunkendriver.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitbeveryslow.【要点】can可用在肯定句中表推测，表示的可能性或一时的可能，常译为“有时会”。can表示具体事情发生的可能性时，不用于肯定句中。Hebeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.Thenewsbetrue.Theauthoritieshavedeniedtherumor.【要点】can,t表示绝对否定的推测，译为“”.—Idon,treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?一Don,tworry.Henotcome.Hesaidhewasn,tcertainwhathisplanswere.Someonehaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.Wegotothecinematonight,butwearenotsureyet.【要点】表示推测时must表示毫无疑问的肯定推测，常译为，"，may/might推测的可能性不高，常译为“:might比may的语气更弱。Ifyougo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.—： youmakesomuchnoise,Jimmy?Yourlittlesisterisstillsleeping.-Sorry,mom.I'lltrynotto.【要点】must还可以表示一种与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦的感情色彩 ，常译为Thatcarismyproperty;youuseitwithoutmypermission.Youparkyourcarhere.Itisablindtrack.【要点】mustn,t不表示推测，表示.Ifyouworkhard,youhavealongholiday.Youfailifyoudon,tworkhard.Younotleaveyourpost.Youbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.Accordingtotheschoolrules,boysnotwearlonghair.【要点】shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，可表示说话人的等，或用于当中，表示“必须”。Iamsorrythathebesoimpolite.Webestrictwithourselves.Inthatway,wecanmakegreaterprogress.【要点】should表示责任，义务，劝告，建议等，译为“”，还可以表示出乎意料的语气，译为“”。Youhavewashedallthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing.Plantslightinordertolive.Thereisagrowingfornewhousinginmanyruralareas.【要点】need既可做实义动词（+todo）用，又可做情态动词（+do,多用于否定句疑问句条件句中）用。当然还可以做名词，表示需求、需要。Howdarehe（take）mybicyclewithoutevenasking!11MostpeoplehateHarrybuttheydon,tdare(say)so.【要点】dare做情态动词表示“敢，敢于"，三要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。与need一样，也可做实义动词。Heoughtbehereontimehestartedearlyenough.Yououghtnot(be)lateforsuchanimportantmeeting.【要点】oughtto用法相当于should，译为“应当”“按说应当”。Weshould(study)lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn,t(leave)homewithoutaword.Itwasnothisfault.Yououghtn,tto(blame)himyesterday.【要点】表示对过去情况的推测时，要用情态动词+havedone的形式，shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone表示“"，否定为shouldn,thavedone=oughtn，ttohavedone。其他情态动词+havedone的形式建议自行总结。Itisnecessarythateverybodytakewaterwiththem,becauseitisalongmarch.Itissuggestedthatchildrennot(leave)aloneathome.Itisapitythathe(miss)suchagoldchance.【要点】Itisdesired/suggested/requested/proposed/ordered/…/necessary/important/natural/strange/essential/.../apity/ashame/...+that从句，从句中的谓语动词用+,可以省略。IfI(see)himthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.IfIhadhadtimeyesterday,Iwould(go)withyou.IfIyou,Ishouldn,tquarrelwithhim.IfIhadtimenow,Iwould(go)withyou.IfI(see)himtomorrow,Iwouldbeveryhappy.IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwould(go)withyou.Ifyou(ask)himyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.IfI(follow)hisadvicethen,Iwouldn'tbeintroublenow.【要点】if条件句的虚拟变化如下:时间从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+ （be动词一般用 ）主语+would/could/should/might+do与过去事实相反If+主语+ 主语+would/could/should/might+havedone与将来事实相反 /If+主语+ /主语+would/could/should/might+do如果主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合虚拟条件句。IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.二Iseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.二Ihavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.IfIweretohavetimetomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.二(be)Itohavetimetomorrow,Iwouldgowithyou.12【要点】在if虚拟条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装。yourhelpyesterday,Icouldn,thavedoneitwell.you,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butyourcooperation,wewouldn,thavedonetheworksowell.ButtheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Iambusynow,Iwoulddoyouthefavor!Iwasbusywithmyreportinthecompanyyesterday,Iwouldnothaveleftyoualoneathome.【要点】without,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件，称之为暗含虚拟。可将相应表达转化成if条件句的表达，判断后面陈述与何时事实相反，做相应的虚拟变化。IwishI(be)abird.IwishI(visit)thewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.IwishI(meet)youtomorrowattheparty.【要点】wish后的宾语从句：与现在事实不一致，主语+过去时；与过去事实不一致，主语+had+过去分词；未来不大可能实现的愿望，主语+would/could/might+原形。Hislooksuggeststhatsomethingbad(happen)tohim.Hesuggestedthatwe(take)someextramoneyincaseofemergency.【要点】suggest表“暗示，表明”时宾语从句不虚拟；表“建议”时宾语从句虚拟(+(should)do)。Thedriverinsistedthathe(drive)beyondthespeedlimit,andheinsistedthathe(set)free.【要点】insist表“坚持认为，坚持说”时宾语从句不虚拟，表“坚持要求,坚持要"时宾语从句虚拟(+(should)do)。Iwouldratherhe(visit)ustomorrow.Iwouldratherhe(visit)ustoday.Iwouldratherhe(visit)usyesterday.【要点】wouldrather后接宾语从句，宾语从句要虚拟。愿望与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；愿望与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去时。Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow!IfonlyI(know)theanswerbeforetheexamyesterday!IfonlyI(have)acolddrinkwithmenow.【要点】ifonly"要是……就好了”后接从句的虚拟变化同wish宾语从句的虚拟.It,stimethatyou(go)toschool.It,shightimewe (take)actionnow.【要点】It,stime后用嬴从句虚拟变化为：主语+should+原形或主语+过去时.II.对点通关、回归高考Weoftenhearthatchildrenwishthey(be)grown-ups,andthatoldpeoplewishtobeyoung.Shewouldbemuchhealthiernowshenotburdenedherselfwiththatmuchpressurefromworkwhenyoung.Theoldladyinsistedthattheyoungman(steal)herwalletandthatheshouldn'tbesenttothepolicestation.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest(take)beforeamangetsalicense.Thenationwidesmogservesasaconstantreminder,includingthatit,shightimewe13(reflect)onourselves.Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetripshehatestraveling.IfI(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinnerisgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey(be)notalwayslate.Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.Thelookinhiseyessuggestedthathe(be)angry.m.虚拟语气在写作中的应用.没有你的帮助，我不可能取得如此大的进步。(without/butfor).要是我当初听从老师的建议就好了。(ifonly).我建议政府应该改革司法制度并呼吁人们保护环境。IV.单句改错1.IthinkIwouldhaveenjoythemoviewewenttolastnightevenmoreifIhadreadthebookbeforeseeingit.fonlyIhavereadthebooksonreadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.IfIwasyou,Iwouldrunfaster.Ifsheworkedhardenough,shewouldhavepassedtheEnglishexam.Iknewnothingaboutthefilm.IfIknewaboutit,Iwilltellyou.Ifitwerenotraintomorrow,theymightgototheGreatWall.Ifyouaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecouldn,tsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.Shewasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseshewouldcometothemeeting.HowIwishIcanpayavisittoBeijing.Sheinsiststhattheymustgiveherareceipt.Iwouldratheryoupaymenow.It,shightimethatwegotobed.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitisbroken.14专题五非谓语动词PartII.典题呈现Thewaterinthe