3空间数据库试验指导书-PostGIS的空间数据库操作

3空间数据库实验指导书-PostGIS的空间数据库操作PostGIS的空间数据库操作1、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库导出sql再导入数据库方法1：以SQL文件为中间媒介实现shp导入空间数据库Stepl ：shp2pgsql-s4326F:\spatial\data\cities.shpcities>D:\cities.sql说明：-s设置坐标系统；F:\spatial\data\cities.shp指定数据源；cities目标表名称。Step2：运行postgres数据库；输入登录密码:admin进入数据库；选中postgis数据库Step3：点击工具栏上的皤，弹出sql窗口

Step4：点击口,找到刚才生成的SQL文件，打开，运行》即可。方法2：通过命令行直接导入空间库Stepl ：shplpgsql-s4326F:\spatial\data\cities.shppublic.citiespsql-Upostgres-padmin-dpostgis说明：-s设置坐标系统；F:\spatial\data\cities.shp指定数据源；public.cities目标表名称；-U用户名；-p密码；-d空间数据库名称。方法方法3：通过界面导入空间库审助和支持Step3：点击——Ad审助和支持Step3：点击——AdlFile一,在对话框找到需要转入空间数据库的shp文件，openStepl：在开始菜单中，运行postgis2.0下面的©MyEdipsePostGlS2.0forPostgreSQLx649.0APostGIS2.0ManualOn-LinePostGlS2.0ShapefileandDBFLoaderExporter-PostGlSDocumentationOn-LineIIPostGlSJDBCDriverOn-LineDo«PlPostGlSWebsitePostgreSQL9.0WinRARStep2：点击Viewconnectiondetails...,设置数据库连接；确定，如果成功，在前一界面上会出现"Connectionsucceeded.v的信息。

点击Step4：点击・^^点击Step4：点击・^^即可导入数据Step5：如果数据中的字段存在汉字的话，可以Optio-ns...进行编码设置。2、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库方法1：通过命令行直接导出shppgsq12shp-fd:\shop_point.shp-hlocalhost-upostgres-Padminpostgispublicities说明：-fd:\shop_point.shp导出文件的名称和路径；-h数据库的ip地址；-U用户名；-p密码；postgis空间数据库名称；publicities空间数据库表的名称方法方法2：通过命令行直接导出shp果成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connectionsucceeded.”的信息。果成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connectionsucceeded.”的信息。Step3：选择export界面QtPostGISS^i5prfileImporVExpartManagerStepl：在开始菜单中，运行postgis2.0下面的Step2：点击，设置数据库连接；确定，如工 viewconnectiondetails，设置数据库连接；确定，如Step3：点击二AddT5ble；再点击匚Export二即可3、PostGIS函数分类字段处理函数AddGeometryColumn为已有的数据表增加一个地理几何数据字段；DropGeometryColumn删除一个地理数据字段的；SetSRID设置SRID值几何关系函数这类函数目前共有10个，分别是：Distance,Equals,Disjoint,Intersects,TouchesCrosses,Within,Overlaps,Contains,Relate几何分析函数这类函数目前共有12个，分别是：Centroid,Area,Lenth,PointOnSurface,Boundary,Buffer,ConvexHull,Intersection,SymDifference,Difference,GeomUnion,MemGeomUnion读写函数这类函数很多，主要是用于在各种数据类型之间的转换，尤其是在于Geometry数据类型与其他如字符型等数据类型之间的转换，函数名如AsText、GeomFromText等。4、Geo-SQL查询Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,RiversR WhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(R.geom,3000))Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,(Selectgeomfromriverswherename='Alabama')asm WhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(m,3000))Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,(SelectST_Buffer(geom,3000)asddfromriverswherename='Platte')asmWhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd)=trueSelect c1.city_name,ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd)FromCitiesC1,(SelectST_Buffer(geom,3000)asddfromriverswherename='Platte')asm做一个点查询(查询州数据)ST_Within点查询城市ST_Within查询某一州包含的城市ST_Contains查询面价大于XX的州有哪些ST_Area查询州的名字(按照面积从大到小排序)ST_Area条件查询空间数据，查询结果的空间数据，用文本显示ST_AsText与某点距离小于XX的要素有哪些(点线面分别查询一次)ST_Distance、ST_MakePoint查询名字为XX的河流，流经哪些州ST_Crosses将某个城市平移一定的距离ST_GeomFromText、ST_AsText附件：常用的Geo-SQL查询SELECTshengjie_,shijie_FROMshengjie_region,shijie_regionwhereshijie_vincena=shengjie_ andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom)点查询某省份，并找到该省份的城市SELECTnameFROMshijie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)SELECTshengjie_,shijie_FROMshengjie_region,shijie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shijie_region.geom)andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom)SELECTshengjie_,shijie_,xianjie_ FROMshengjie_region,shijie_region,xian_point,xianjie_region whereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom) andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shijie_region.geom) andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),xianjie_region.geom)SELECTnameFROMguodao_polylinewhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)selectname,st_distance(ST_MAKEPOINT(116.5640.276),geom)asdistancefromshengjie_regionwherename='天津市'orname='辽宁省'orname='北京市'selectst_point(63.573566,44.646244)fromdual;SELECTST_AsText(geom)aswktFROMshengjie_regionwherename='新疆维吾尔自治区’SELECTST_AsEWKT(geom)asbufferFROMshengjie_regionSELECTST_AsText(st_transform(st_setsrid(ST_Buffer(st_transform(st_setsrid(st_geomfromtext('"+wkt+"'),4326),2333),10800),2333),4326))FROMdualSELECTST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758)fromdual;SELECTst_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_point;SELECTnameFROMgongyuan_pointwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)SELECTST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),4326);SELECTname,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;SELECTgid,name,st_setsrid(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),4326)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;SELECTST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5622438.87757)',4326),26986));selectgid,POINT(geom)fromgongyuan_point wherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;SELECTST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986));SELECTST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986),1500)fromdual;SELECTST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986),1400)fromdual;SELECTname,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)< 0.02orderbyst_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom);SELECTST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986)fromdualSELECTST_Transform(point(t.geom,26986),5144)fromgongyuan_pointtSELECTpoint(gongyuan_point.geom)fromgongyuan_pointSELECTname,gidFROMgongyuan_pointORDERBYgeom<->st_setsrid(st_makepoint(121.55223,38.86758),4326)LIMIT10;selectst_extent(geom)aswgs84fromgongyuan_point;selectgid,st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;selectgid,st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom),st_srid(geom) fromgongyuan_point wherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;30.selectST_Area(geom),gid,st_AsText(geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom),st_srid(geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;selectST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<0.02;selectST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwhereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<1000;selectST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwhereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<1500;selectST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom),ST_AsBinary(geom),ST_AsEWKT(geom),ST_AsEWKB(geom),ST_AsHEXEWKB(geom) fromgongyuan_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<1500;selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom)fromgongjiaozhan_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<500;selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom)fromdasha_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<1500;selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom)fromdasha_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)<1500orderbyST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)limit1;selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom)fromchaoshishangcheng_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<500orderbyST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)limit1;SELECTnameFROMshengjie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)SELECTnameFROMshijie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)SELECTnameFROMxianjie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom)from dasha_point whereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<3000orderbyST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)limit1;selectname,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom)frombinguanjiudian_pointwhereST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(12L55223,38.86758),geom)<3000orderbyST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)limit1;selectST_AsEWKT(ST_Difference(st_geomfromText('LINESTRING(11,2 3,3 4,31)'),st_geomfromText('LINESTRING(20,22,52,31)')))fromdual;selectST_AsEWKT(ST_Difference(st_geomfromText('POLYGON((11,23,34,3 1,11))'),st_geomfromText('POLYGON((20,22,52,13,20))')))fromdual;selectGeometryType(st_geomfromText('MULTILINESTRING((11,23,34,31,21,11),(12,23,45))'))fromdual;SELECTname,st_area(geom)asareafromshengjie_regionORDERBYareaDESCLIMIT1;SELECTst_Length2d(st_GeomFromText('MultiLineString((11,22,33),(44,55))'))fromdual;SELECTgid,name,st_astext(geom)ASLinestring,st_length(geom) FROMguodao_polylinewherename='东北路'；SELECTname,st_astext(geom)FROMguodao_polylinewheregid='152415';SELECTgid,st_astext(geom)ASMULTIPOINTFROMguodao_polylineWHEREgid=152415;SELECTst_astext(geom)ASMLINESTRING FROMguodao_polyline;SELECTnameFROMguodao_polylinewheregid='152415';SELECTST_AsEWKT(ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(the_line,0.5))FROM (SELECTST_GeomFromEWKT('LINESTRING(123,456,678)')asthe_line)Asfoo;SELECTST_AsText(ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(foo.the_line,ST_Line_Locate_Point(foo.the_line,ST_GeomFromText('POINT(43)'))))FROM (SELECTST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(12,45,67)')Asthe_line)Asfoo;SELECTST_AsText(ST_Line_SubString(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(2550,100125,150190)'),0.333