英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)68623

千里之行，始于足下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)68623英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks

I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges

贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons

Epic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.

e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey

Artisticfeatures:

1.Usingalliteration

Definitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsina

sentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）

SomeexamplesonP5

2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement（轻描淡写）

Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolled

way.UnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheir

ideas

GeofferyChaucer杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.

Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的，广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)

A.GeoffreyChaucer

B.MatinLuther

C.WilliamLangland

D.JohnGower

writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.

①坎特伯雷故事集：

firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish

②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③声誉之宫

MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传说故事)

Famousthree：KingArthur

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

Beowulf

IITheRenaissancePeriod

Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstream

oftheEnglishRenaissance.

Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:

1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology

2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion

3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture

Themostfamousdramatists:

ChristopherMarlowe

WilliamShakespeare

BenJohnson.

1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)

A.Spenser’sidealism

B.hisstruggleforcriteria

C.hisloveofbeauty

D.hisexquisitemelody

①仙后(forQueenElizabeth)

Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.

Artisticfeatures:

1.UsingSpenserianStanza

DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.

Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambic

hexameter.

②牧人日历

ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.

③爱情小唱

2.ThomasMore托马斯?莫尔1478~1535

OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists

①乌托邦

3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探索知识的著作中提出了知识算是力量这一闻名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.

Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.

①学术的推进

②随笔(famousquotas:)

ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentways

adoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.

4.BenJonson

①

②狐狸

5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595

“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)

A.thePetrarchansonnet

B.sestina

C.terzarima

D.blankverse

①浮士德博士的悲剧（依照德国

民间故事书写成）

②帖木耳大帝

③马耳他的犹太人

6.WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616

①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；Richard

II；HenryVIII

②FourComedies:皆大欢喜;第十二夜;

仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人

③FourTragedies:哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李

尔王;麦克白

④ShakespeareSonnet:154

Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg

Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyin

iambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.IIIThe17thCentury

1.JohnMilton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）

①Epics:失乐园

复乐园

②Dramaticpoem:力士参孙

③论出版自由

为英国人民声辩

④我的失明

Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,

typicalofItaliansonnet.

ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbest

shocanendurethesufferingbest.

2.JohnBunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）

Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)

①ReligionaryAllegory:天路历程

3.JohnDonne

theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).

MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,

withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）

Artisticfeatures:

1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻

2.syllogism三段论

①Meditations沉思录

TheFlea虱子

②SongsAndSonnets

HolySonnets

③Valediction:

IVThe18thCentury：EnlighteXXXent并且为美国独立战争与法国大XXX提供了框架，同时导致了资本主义和XXX的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克阶段以及艺术史上的新古典主义阶段是同一阶段。

Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy

TheAgeofEnlighteXXXent/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)

小讲崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小讲)

Gothicnovel(哥特式小讲)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)

1.AlexanderPope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。

词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

AsarepresentativeoftheEnlighteXXXent，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland

Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlighteXXXent,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?(C)

A.JohnBunyan

B.DanielDefoe

C.AlexanderPope

D.JonathanSwift

①批判论

Artisticfeatures:

1.Using“heroiccouplets”

②卷发遇劫记

③道德论

人论

愚人记

2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784

①Dictionary=英语大词典

3.JonathanSwift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小讲家amastersatirist。）

①格列佛游记(fictionalwork)

Fourparts:

Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国

FlyingIsland飞岛HouyhnhXXX马岛

一具小小的建议

②书战

③木桶的故事

④一具麻布商的书信

4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

（小讲家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小讲的奠基人。）

Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.

①鲁宾逊漂流记

ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.

Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.

Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor

24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.

②

③

④

5.HenryFielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754

（英国小讲家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小讲之父”。）

Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.

①novels:

弃婴汤姆?琼斯

约瑟夫?安德鲁

大诗人江奈生?威尔德

爱米利亚

②plays:

一七三六年历史记事

堂吉柯德在英国

6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

①poems:

旅游人

荒村

②novel:

威克菲尔德牧师传

7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816

①情敌

②造谣学校

8.WilliamBlake威廉?布莱克1757~1827

①天真之歌

Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.

②经验之歌

Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwitha

melancholytonefrommeneyes.

Include:

Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity

Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence

③天堂与地狱的婚姻

9.RobertBurns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796

ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.

PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect要紧用苏格兰方言写的诗

①约翰?安德生，我的爱人

②一朵红红的玫瑰

③往昔时光

④别管那一套

⑤我的心在那高原上

⑥

⑦

VTheRomanticPeriod

Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.

Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人

应该是独立自由的个体)

Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achange

fromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldof

thehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,

imagination,nature,commonplace.

TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).

“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.

WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey

1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。TheLakePoets）

①抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)

②

Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiverse

circumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthand

knowledgefullofpeace”

2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmind

whileheisinsolitude.

Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautiful

sights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,the

readerispresentedavividpictureoflivelyand

lovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophical

ideasandmysticalthoughts.

③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女

②序曲

2.SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets

①古舟子颂

②柯里斯塔贝尔

③忽必烈汗

Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,

astrangeterritory

④半夜冰霜

⑤忧郁颂

⑥抒情歌谣集(withWilliamWordsworth)

3.GeorgeGordonByron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824

（拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了抵抗精神。心里充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一具“拜伦式英雄”。）

“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.

①唐?璜

恰尔德?哈罗德尔游记

该隐

②当初我们俩分不

4.PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822

①PoeticDrama：解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyand

oppression

②麦布女王

伊斯兰的反叛

钦契一家

诗辩

无神论的必要性

③Lyrics:

西风颂

Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundless

freedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindto

destroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefrom

thetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseads

shichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemabout

renewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,

implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)buta

cycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.

Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswrittenin

iambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,each

withaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdc

dedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisan

invocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.

Artisticfeatures:

Usingrerzarima(三行诗ababcbcdcdedefe…)

致云雀

5.JohnKeats约翰?