英语比较级和最高级讲解及练习

比较级和最高级的讲解变化规则.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：small—smallerTsmallestshortTshorter—shortesttall—taller—tallestgreatTgreater—greatest（2）双音节词如：clever—cleverer—cleverestnarrow—narrower—narrowest.以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如：large—larger—largestnice—nicer—nicestable—abler—ablest.在重读闭音节（即：辅音十元音+辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加^er,最高级加-est；如：big—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottestfat—fatter—fattest.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easy—easier—easiestheavy—heavier—heaviestbusy—busier—busiesthappy—happier—happiest.其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautifUl—morebeautifUl—mostbeautifuldifferent—moredifferent—mostdifferenteasily—moreeasily—mosteasily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。例句：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。1Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem..有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good—better—best well—betterTbestbad—worse—worst ill—worse—worstold—older/elder—oldest/eldestmany/much—more—most little—less—leastfar—fUrther/farther—fUrthest/farthest一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级形式。l.long2.tidy3.hot4.large5.thin6.good7.bad8.little9.sincere10.much11.early12.fast13.hard14.difficult15.badly16.far17.carefully18.instructive19.easily20.often二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更……”。如：Thistreeistallerthanthatone.这棵树比那棵树高。注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。如：Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。.“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+原级”表示"越来越 ”如：Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天气越来越凉爽。Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.风变得越来越大。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Whoistaller,TimorTom?谁更高，Tim还是Tom?.“the+比较级……,the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。5,表示倍数的比较级用法：.Ais…timesthesize/height/length/widthofB.如：Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。（新楼是旧楼的四倍高）.Ais…timesasbig/high/long/wide/largeasB.如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）.Ais…timeslarger/higher/longer/widerthanB.如：Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：ofthethree,inourclass等等。如：Heisthetallestinourclass.他在我们班里是最高的。HelikesEnglishbestofallthesubjects在所有学科中，他最喜欢英语。.”否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+so…as"结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing..比较级与最高级的转换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.=Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词.abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。.以上词（除byfar）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.（对）Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2）下列词可修饰最高级：byfar,far,much,mostly,almost。Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent..要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother..要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia..要注意对应句型，遵循前一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout..要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：Bobis(young)thanFredbut(tall)thanFred.Yingtianisnotas(tall)asYongxian.Almostallthestudents'facesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks(fat)thanbefore.Whichis(heavy),ahenorachicken?--How(tall)isSally?--She's1.55metres(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?--She'sonly1.40metres(tall).Sheismuch(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe(short)girlintheclass.Heis(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch(bad)atChineseandheisthe(bad)atEnglish.AnniesaysSallyisthe(kind)personintheworld.Heisoneofthe(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.Adictionaryismuch(expensive)thanastory-book.Anorangeiaalittle(big)thananapple,butmuch(small)thanawatermelon.TheChangjiangRiveristhe(long)riverinChina.Sueisalittle (beautiful)thanhersister.Myroomisnotas(big)asmybrother's.--Howdifficultisphysics?--I'mnotsure.--Isit(difficult)thanmaths?--Idon'tthinkso.--Annieplaysthepianovery(well).--Sueplaysit(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe(well).Saturdayismy(busy)dayinaweek.Hermotherisgetting(fat)and(fat).Ithinkit'stooexpensive.I'dlikea(cheap)one.Hecomestoschoolmuch(early)thanI.Thisbookisnotas(interesting)asthatone.Yourclassroomis(wide)and(bright)thanours.Practiseas(much)asyoucan.The(much),the(good).Nowadays(现在)Englishis(important)thananyothersubject.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe(dangerous)animalintheworld.Mr.Smithismaninthisoffice.(rich)Winterisseasonoftheyears.(cold)Thisradioisnotsoasthatone.(cheap)Itismuchtodaythanyesterday.(hot)Sheisalittlethanherclassmates.(careful)peoplecametothemeetingthanlasttime.(many)Whichbookis,thisoneorthatone?(easy)Myroomisthanyours.(small)HainanisfromBeijingthanHunan.(far)Skatingis^^^^^^thanswimming.(exciting)Jimis thanalltheothers.(honest)Thingsaregettingand.(bad)Thehigheryouclimb,theitwillbe.(cold)Nowhislifeisbecomingand.(difficult)Thereare boysthangirlsinourclass.(few)nicer/nicestfatter/fattestslower/slowestdrier/driesthappier/happi