土木工程专业英语词汇整理版

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：FiniteElementMethod有限单元法专业英语SpecialtyEnglish水利工程HydraulicEngineering土木工程CivilEngineering地下工程UndergroundEngineering岩土工程GeotechnicalEngineering道路工程Road(Highway)Engineering桥梁工程BridgeEngineering隧道工程TunnelEngineering工程力学EngineeringMechanics交通工程TrafficEngineering港口工程PortEngineering安全性safety17木结构timberstructure砌体结构masonrystructure混凝土结构concretestructure钢结构steelstructure钢-混凝土复合结构steelandconcretecompositestructure素混凝土plainconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete钢筋rebar预应力混凝土pre-stressedconcrete静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure超静定结构staticallyindeterminatestructure桁架结构trussstructure空间网架结构spatialgridstructure近海工程offshoreengineering静力学statics32运动学kinematics动力学dynamics简支梁simplysupportedbeam固定支座fixedbearing36弹性力学elasticity塑性力学plasticity弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity断裂力学fractureMechanics土力学soilmechanics水力学hydraulics流体力学fluidmechanics固体力学solidmechanics集中力concentratedforce压力pressure静水压力hydrostaticpressure均布压力uniformpressure体力bodyforce重力gravity线荷载lineload弯矩bendingmomenttorque扭矩应力stress应变stain正应力normalstress剪应力shearingstress主应力principalstress变形deformation内力internalforce偏移量挠度deflectionsettlement沉降屈曲失稳buckle轴力axialforce允许应力allowablestress疲劳分析fatigueanalysis梁beam壳shell68板plate桥bridge桩pile主动土压力activeearthpressure被动土压力passiveearthpressure承载力load-bearingcapacity水位waterHeight75位移displacement结构力学structuralmechanics材料力学materialmechanics经纬仪altometer79水准仪level学科discipline子学科sub-discipline期刊journal,periodical83文献literatureISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准刊号ISBNInternationalStandardBookNumber国际标准书号卷volume期number88专著monograph会议论文集Proceeding学位论文thesis,dissertation专利patent档案档案室archive国际学术会议conference导师advisor学位论文答辩defenseofthesis博士研究生doctoratestudent研究生postgraduateEIEngineeringIndex工程索引SCIScienceCitationIndex科学引文索引100ISTPIndextoScienceandTechnologyProceedings科学技术会议论文集索引题目title摘要abstract全文full-text参考文献reference联络单位、所属单位affiliation主题词Subject关键字keywordASCEAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers美国土木工程师协会FHWAFederalHighwayAdministration联邦公路总署ISOInternationalStandardOrganization解析方法analyticalmethod数值方法numericalmethod计算computation说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径7.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil填)土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.moistunitweight湿重度45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’laws达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.softsoil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soilmass土体13.contactstress(pressure接触应力)（压力）14.concentratedload集中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20.underlyingsoil(stratum,strata下卧层（)土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.short–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46.compressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终沉降52.slipline滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围护13bracedexcavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础--deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结9.primaryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结11.degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结1)cast–in-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管 试验13.consolidationcurve固结曲线14.timefactorTv时灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile间因子机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammed 15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数bulbpile夯扩桩 16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力2)belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier 18.consolidationunderK0conditionK固结03)precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩 十.抗剪强度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排4)steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheet水抗剪强度pile钢板桩 2.residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度5)prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressed4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率concretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation6.dilatation剪胀沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction7.effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度pile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台（桩 度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔－库仑理论帽）9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力10.lateral10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力pileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimatelateral12.failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强resistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12.staticload度testofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.verticalallowableload14.unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台 15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线15.high-risepilecap高桩承台16.verticalultimateuplift16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数resistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent十一.本构模型--constitutivemodelpiling静力压桩18.upliftpile抗拔桩19.anti-slidepile抗滑 1.elasticmodel弹性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹桩 性模型20.pilegroups群桩21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩 3.elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹效率系数（η）22.efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23.dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术24.finalset最后贯入度25.dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26.pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）29.pilespacing桩距性模型5.boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型6.Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yieldsurface屈服面30.pileplan桩位布置图31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout15.elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型桩的布置 16.elasticmodulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel32.groupaction群桩作用33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端文克尔地基模型阻34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻十二.地基承载力--bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil35.pilecushion桩垫36.piledriving(byvibration)（振动）1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整打桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39.pile体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏4.stateofnoise打桩噪音40.pilerig打桩机 limitequilibrium极限平衡状态九.固结consolidation 5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载1.Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论 6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性2.Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论 7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载3.Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论 力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许4.overconsolidationration(OCR超固结)比 承载力5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土 十三.土压力--earthpressure1.activearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力4.Coulomb’searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slicesmethod条分法十五.挡土墙--retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性2.foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙7.anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙8.anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steelpiles钢桩4.woodensheetpile木板桩5.timberpiles木桩浅基础--shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基础2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基础3.stripfoundation条形基础4.spreadfooting扩展基础5.compensatedfoundation补偿性基础6.bearingstratum持力层7.rigidfoundation刚性基础8.flexiblefoundation柔性基础9.embeddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度10.netfoundationpressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析土的动力性质--dynamicpropertiesofsoils1.dynamicstrengthofsoils动强度2.wavevelocitymethod波速法3.materialdamping材料阻尼4.geometricdamping几何阻尼5.dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期8.dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量9.dynamicma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildynamics土动力学3.durationofearthquake地震持续时间4.earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反应谱5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquakemagnitude震级7.seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期8.maximumaccelerationofearthquake地震最大加速度9.consolidatedquickdirectsheartest固结快剪试验10.quickdi