2022年新疆维吾尔自治区疏勒县高考英语一调试卷（附答案详解）

2022年新疆维吾尔自治区疏勒县高考英语一调试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

CampsiteLes(tenetsSt.JeanPlage

1<->i>ideal(nrafamilyholiilay.uliidiisllirrr(|iinrtersofarnilrfromMerlin

Plage.an<lfourmilesfromSt.JeandeMonts.

OnsiteActivities

Th<*followingan'available:Thefollowingactivitiesareavailable:

ReceptionWatersports

14inguagr>spokei】：EnglishandDivinglessons

FrenchLessoncharge:€15.00

Olhvrico:Fa\.post,currencyexchange,Sports

laundntoken.RiFiavailableTennis-onefullsizecourt

DiningTabletennis-threetables

Restaurant:SmallrestaurantBadminton-onecourt

LcK-ation:Nearthepoo)andbarBasketball-onecourt

Take-away:Pizzas,burgers,chips,Volleyball—onecourt

dailyspecials

Laundry

Playgrounds

\\asher*:5xmachines€5.00

Oneplayground

每堆待洗衣物)

Dners:2xmachines€4.00per

loadCyclehire

SanitationAdults:€41.00/week,

Holsilowers€10.00/day

BabybathsChildren:€31.00/week,

Toilets€10.00/day

Children'stoiletsHelmets(头盔)andchildseatsavailable

1.Whatdoestheword"Sanitation"probablymeaninChinese?

A.洗浴设施B.卫生设施C.娱乐设施D.健身设施

2.Whatsportcan'tyouplayonthesite?

A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Volleyball.D.Tennis.

3.IfMr.andMrs.BrownandtheirsonJimwanttorentbicyclesforaweek,howmuchwill

theypay?

A.€62.00.B.€72.00.C.€82.00.D.€113.00.

IconfessIhesitatedwhentheeditorinchiefofTheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldmeinlate

2014thatIwouldbeeditinganewfront-of-bookcolumncalledLetterof

Recommendation,aboutstuffpeoplereallylike.Thecolumnwasthebrainchildofourstaff

writer,SamAnderson,heexplained.Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplacestofindout

whatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.Wewouldpushagainst

thistrend,900wordsaweek,40-somethingtimesperyear.

Thereasonformyhesitationwasasimple,unfortunatefactaboutwriting.Writingaboutthings

youhateiseasy：notjustfun,butgenerative.Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyou

disagree,butthedoesn't.Thewriterlytoneiswell-suitedtoourage,butit'shardnottoseeitasa

collectivedefensemechanismasifrevealingyourtruefeelingsexposesyourunmentionable

secretstothepublic.Obsessions,meanwhile,areinseparablefromourpeculiaritiesaspeoplewe

cometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreallyworks,ifsasrevealing

abouttheauthorasitisitssubject.Onewriter,amaninhislate30s,forexample,recommended

Pedialyte,whichhedrinkstobalancetheeffectsofbothdrinkingandexercise,andtocheathis

waybacktoyouth.

IprobablyseesomewherebetweenthreeandfiveLetterofRecommendationpitchesaday.It's

agreatspotfortryingoutnewwritersinthemagazine,soItrymybesttokeepupwithallthe

email,butIoftenfail.(Ifeelgenuinelyterribleaboutthiseverydayofmylife.)Determining

whichtoassigninvolvesseeinghowitmeetsthevariouscriteria(评判标准)we'vesettledon

overtheyears.Wedon'tlikethecolumntobetimely---everythingelseintheworldis

timely.Butontheotherhand,weneedtoputaheadlineonthethingthatpeoplemight

reasonablyrecognize,stopandreadabout.Thereshouldbeapersonalangletothe

recommendation,butalsosomeuniversallyrecommendableaspect.Butthenagain,itshouldn't

betoorecommendable：thisisn'tacolumnforlife-hacks.Therecommendationitselfshouldbe

attractivelyunexpected"sideways"，aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying,butreally,it'sjust

anexcusetocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.

4.SamAndersonproposedacolumnLetterofRecommendationbecausehefound.

A.thefashiontrendwasnoteasytopushagainst

B.therewasashortageofgoodqualitycolumns

C.writerscouldhardlyfindaplacetosharetheirlikes

D.hisbrainchildcouldsometimesincreasereadership

5.Theworcfode"(inparagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto.

第2页，共22页

A.complimentB.recommendation

C.hesitationD.determination

6.Whyisthewriterinhislate30smentionedinparagraph2?

A.Togiveanexampleofthewriterlytone.

B.Tohighlightthewaythatthecolumnselectswriters.

C.Toshowhowacollectivedefensemechanismworks.

D.Toillustratehowwritersrevealthemselvesinthecolumn.

7.Thewriterhopesthatinthecolumn,.

A.therecommendeditemsarequitefamiliartoreaders

B.therecommendeditemsshouldfollowthelatesttrend

C.readerscanlearnaboutlifeskillsfromtherecommendations

D.readerswillfindtherecommendationsbeyondtheirexpectation

c

TheUndergoingWelfareReform

Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmany

states-atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehave

lefttherollssince1994.

Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthe

peoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.Theresult：The

AthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent-twicethenational

average.Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationthatmuchmoreneedstobedone.

“Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit*snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,'1saysKathyLairn,a

policyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.

AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatlastyear,agreaterpercentageof

single,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincome

forthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.

Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithout

governmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.

"Welfarewasapoison.ltwasatoxinthatwaspoisoningthefamily,'*saysRobertRector,a

welfare-reformpolicyanalyst."Thereformischangingthemoralclimateinlow-income

communities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant."

Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce"thehabitofdependencyiscracked,"thenthecountry

canmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.

8.Whydon'tpeopleenjoytheirlivesbetterwhentheygetjobs?

A.Becausetheyareusedtorelyingonwelfaretomakelivings.

B.Becausethecostoflivingishigherthanbefore.

C.Becausemanyfamiliesarenotsatisfiedwiththeirincome.

D.Becausetheirwagesareverylow.

9.Fromthepassageweknowthatthereconstructionofisthecoreofthereform.

A.governmentaidsB.workethic

C.welfarefundsD.moralawareness

10.FromtheexampleoftheAthensCountry,weknowgreateffortsshouldbemadeforthe

poorto.

A.improvetheirlivingstandards

B.helpthembeemployed

C.getthemoffwelfare.

D.increasetheirwage

11.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheauthor.

A.iscompletelycertainaboutthesuccessofwelfarereform

B.thinksthatwelfarereformhasdonelittlegoodforthepoor

C.considerswelfarereformsuccessfulonthewhole

D.insistswelfarereformhasincreasedthegovernment^burden

D

Itseemsdifficulttoexplainthepersistentsuccessofscientifictheoriesatdescribingnature.

Iexplorethischallengeinmybook,WhatScienceIsandHowItReallyWorks.Ifthehistoryof

scienceteachesusanything,itisthattheabilityofatheorytopredictunobservedphenomena

andleadtoamazingnewtechnologiesisnoproofthatsaidtheoryis"true".

Forexample,IsaacNewton'smechanicsenabledsurprisinglyaccuratepredictionsofother

astronomicalphenomena,suchasHalley'scomet（哈雷彗星）arrivinglaterthannormalin

1759duetothegravitationaleffectsofpassingclosetoJupiter.Evenmoreimpressive,inthe

early1800swhenastronomersdeterminedthattheorbit（轨道）ofUranusfailedtomatch

Newtonianpredictions,theyconcludedthatNewton'stheorywasnotwrong；rather,the

existenceofapreviouslyunobservedplanetwasproposedandwaslaterfoundexactlywhereit

第4页，共22页

wasexpectedtobe(andnamedNeptune).

Suchsuccessesofthescientificrevolutionweresoimpressivethatphilosophersdeveloped

wholenewtheoriesofknowledgetotrytoexplainhowscientistsappearedtohaveused

observationandreasontodiscoverfundamentaltruths.Indoingso,scientistsattemptedto

dismisswhatlogicianshaveknownforlong：thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscan

proveasupposedcause.

Butdon'tthesuccessesofNewtonianmechanicsprovethatthelawsNewtonproposedmust

reallybetrue?Otherwisehowcouldthetheoryhavepickedasinglespotinthevastexpanseof

theuniverseandfoundexactlywhereNeptunewas?

Thingsdonotalwaysworkoutthisway,however.In1859,astronomersdeterminedthatthe

orbitofMercurywasnotbehaving,overtime,asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanother

newplanet(namedVulcan)wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,this

suppositiondidnotpanout；rather,Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthis

context.Adifferentscientifictheory-Einstein'stheoryofrelativity——wasrequiredtolater

explainMercury'smovement.

So,whatreallyhelpscredibilitymore?Toinsistthatweknowthatatoms,blackholes,anddark

matterarerealbecauseofhowmanyobservationswecanexplainandpredictionswecanmake

bysupposingtheirexistence?Ortosimplyadmitthatsciencecannotsupportaclaimof

absolutetruthregardingtheabstract,unobservedscientificobjectsandlawsthatareproposedto

governthisworld?

Onecouldarguethatifscientistsdon'tbangthegong(锣)of"truth”,thenitmayonlyquicken

thedismissalofscienceasjustanotheropinion.However,Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoes

notgivetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit,andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharm

thangood,notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic,butforthepracticeof

science.Ifdataareimportanttothesciences,thenletusacceptthehistoricaldataonscience

itself.

12.WhichofthefollowingdidthelawsofNewtonfailtoprovideaccuratepredictionsfor?

A.TheplanetofMercuryvariedinitscomposition.

B.Halley'scometarrivedlaterthannormalin1759.

C.Neptunewaslocatedwhereitwasexpectedtobe,

D.TheSunhadanotherplanetnamedVulcan.

13.Whydoesthewritermentionlogiciansinparagraph.

A.Tointroduceanotherwayofscientificthinking.

B.Toimplywhatmistakescientistsmayhavemade.

C.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenlogiciansandscientists.

D.Tohelpexplainthecauseandeffectofcertainphenomena.

14.Thephrase"panout*'(inparagraph5)mostprobablymeans.

A.appearB.bedividedC.shrinkD.beproved

15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Onlybyenoughobservationscanatheorybeprovedtrue.

B.Nevercanweruleoutthepossibilitythatatheoryiswrong.

C.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityworksbetterthananyothertheoryinastronomy.

D.Newtonianmechanicsdoesn*tfittodayscontextbecauseitwasestablishedlongago.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Withsummerinfullswingandexcessiveheatwavesrollingthroughpartsofthecountry,taking

adipinwatercanbearefreshingwaytocooloff.Everyyearpeoplerisktheirlivesinand

aroundwaterastheydon'tfollowsimplesafetyguidelines.(1).

Neverswimalone-eveninpublicpoolsorbeacheswherelifeguardsarewatching,alwaysuse

thebuddysystem.(2).

Alwaysobservesafetysigns-befamiliarwithwhatwatersafetysignsmean,youmaysee

differentsignsatthebeachorthepool.Ifyouareunsurewhatthesesignsmean,askalife-guard.

(3)—differentwaterwayscomewithdifferentrisks,makesureyouknowhowtocallforhelp

shouldyoueverneedit.Raiseyourhandoutofthewatertosignalforhelp,standormovethe

shallowareaifyoucan,floatonyourbackandcallforhelp.

Don'ttakerisks-letsplayitsafewheninandaroundwater.(4),oryoucouldaccidentally

hurtsomeoneelseoryourself.

Alwaysswimbetweentheflagswhenatthebeach—lifeguardsplacetheflagsinthesafest

swimmingareaonthebeachforthatday.Swimmingbetweentheflagsalsomeansthatifyou

needhelp,youcansignalalifeguardbyraisingyourarmaboveyourhead.

LearnCPRandFirstAid—everybodyshouldhavesomebasicknowledgeinfirstaidandCPR.

(51!

第6页，共22页

A.Checkthewaterconditions

B.Don'tpushorjumponothers

C.Knowwhattodoifyouareintrouble

D.Ifyouhaveneverlearntit,2021mightbeyouryeartolearn

E.Weaskeveryone,thissummer,tobesafeinwaterandfollowthesetips

F.Protectyourchildren'ssafetyaroundwaterwiththesetipsinsummer

G.Evenverystrongandconfidentswimmersshouldneverswimontheirown

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

Inhisformerlife,BunkerBeanwastrickedintobelievingthathewasthegreatNapoleon

Bonaparte.Believingthisreallyliftedhislifetogreatnew⑵).Butthen,lateron,hediscovered

thathisfriend,thespiritualist,who(22)himofhispastlife,wasrevealedtobea(23),amanwho

liedtoothersto(24)theirmoney.

BunkerBeanwasbrokenbythisrevelation.So,hehadn*treallybeenNapoleonina(25)lifeafter

all!Hewasjust(26)oldBunkerBean.Butthenewscameinagoodway!Bunkerrealizedthatit

didn,t(27)whohe'dbeeninaformerlife.Whatmatteredwaswhathehad(28)himselftobecome

inhispresentlife.

HisspiritualistfriendhadhelpedBunkertobelieveinhimselfenoughtochangesomeof

his(29),habits,andbehavior.Bunkerhadlearnedtoformagameplan(30)onwhatothershad

doneinthe(31)thatmadethemsupersuccessful.Hehadlearnedthe(32)ofstudyingthethoughts

ofgreatmen.He'dlearnedhowtomakethosethoughtsof(33)hisownthoughts.He*dalso

learnedtheneedforagoalandtheneedfora(34)methodtoreachthatgoal.Andhe(35)thatone

mustfollowhismethodreligiously.

ThestoryofBunkerBeanistoldasfiction,but,(36),hisstoryisastrueasanytold.

Theprinciplesofhissuccess,as(37)above,canbetheprinciplesofeachofusandour

success.Buttomakethosework,wemustlearnthe(38)aboutourselvesandthetruthisthis：each

ofushasthe(39)andabilitytosucceedifwebelieveinourselvesenoughtomakeit(40).Weare

what,andwho,wethinkweare.

21.A.widthsB.heightsC.depthsD.weights

22.A.warnedB.accusedC.informedD.convinced

23.A.cheatB.foolC.beggarD.poet

24.A.payB.borrowC.obtainD.owe

25.A.previousB.preciousC.comfortableD.impressive

26.A.poorB.richC.plainD.lucky

27.A.careB.matterC.matchD.bother

28.A.allowedB.forbadeC.advisedD.forced

29.A.rapidsB.altitudesC.attitudesD.sources

30.A.fixedB.countedC.focusedD.based

31.A.courseB.pastC.distanceD.future

32.A.policyB.priceC.valueD.system

33.A.surpriseB.failureC.safetyD.success

34.A.reasonableB.determinedC.toughD.common

35.A.pickedoutB.foundoutC.tookoutD.giveout

36.A.graduallyB.officiallyC.fluentlyD.actually

37.A.reportedB.scheduledC.confirmedD.outlined

38.A.truthB.abilityC.mythD.duty

39.A.fortuneB.desireC.potentialD.necessity

40.A.marchB.happenC.escapeD.wander

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.Atatimewhenweareallexperiencinganextraordinarylevelofstress,scienceoffersa

simpleandeffectivewaytoimproveourownemotional(情感的)health.

第8页，共22页

Tohelpyourself,(1)(start)byhelpingothers.

As(2)matteroffact,ourbodiesandmindsbenefitinavarietyof(3)

(way)whenwehelpothers.Someresearchhasfocused(4)the"helper'shigh.

"Studiesshowthatvolunteering,donatingmoney,orevenjustthinkingaboutdonating

moneycanrelease(释放)feel-goodbrainchemicals.

(5)(feel)responsibleforotherpeoplealsocanhelpusdealwithwhatever

challengeslifebrings.EmilyGreenfield,anassociate(6)(consult)ofsocialwork

atRutgersUniversity,studiedaconceptcalled"feltobligation(义务)，"which(7)

(measure)byaskingpeoplequestionssuchashowobligatedtheywouldfeelto

givemoneytoafriendinneed,even(8)itmeantputtingthemselvesintrouble.

Asitturnedout,thepeoplewhohadhigherlevelsof"feltobligation"-meaningtheywere

thetypeofpeopletosacrificeforothers-dealt(9)(well)withtheirownlite

challengesthanothers.

She(10)(note)thatcaringforothershelpedustoregulateourownemotions

andgainasenseofcontrol.

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词.

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.

注意：L每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分.

Howtimeflies!IHadhardlyhadtimetoenjoythewarmthofmyhomewhileit'stimego

backtoschool.ThiswinterIspendtendaysstudyingmaths,chemistryandphysics,none

ofwhichwaseasilyforme.

AndIstillhadsomefunduringtheSpringFestival.Ihadattendedmyuncle*sweddingand

mynewauntwasverybeautiful.Tomydisappoint,Ididn'tgetmanyluckymoneyasIhad

expected.Ialsowenttothecinemawithseveralclassmates.Weplayedjokesoneach

otherandhadabigmealinarestaurantcalling"RedLobster".Thefoodtherewasvery

deliciousandweallreallyenjoyedmyself.

六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25.0分)

43.假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter在中国象棋网络挑战赛(TheChineseChess

NetworkChallengeCompetition)中荣获一等奖。现在，请你给他写-一封电子邮件，

向他表示祝贺，要点如下：

1表示祝贺；

2赞扬对方的付出；

3向对方学习。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第10页，共22页

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、A、D

【解析】（1）B.词句猜测题。根据该词下方的说明可知，设施包括洗浴设施和卫生间，

因此“卫生设施”的选项更为全面。故选B。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据宣传单右侧Activities中的Sports可知，不能在营地里做的运

动是足球，其他都有提到。故选A。

（3）D.数字计算题。根据原文可知，成人一周租车费用41欧元，儿童31欧元，两大

一小共计113欧元。故选D。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个适合家庭旅行的地点。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有

据。

4~7.【答案】C、A、D、D

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段"Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplaces

tofindoutwhatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.（Sam发

现,找出作家讨厌的东西的地方并不少，但却很少有空间让作家谈论他们所喜欢的东西。）

”可知，Sam提出了一个专栏的推荐信，因为他发现作家很难找到一个地方来分享他们

的喜好。故选C项。

（2）A.词义猜测题。根据前文"Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyoudisagree,（批评

倾向于娱乐，即使你不同意，）”以及划线词前的but可知，划线词与criticism是反义词。

A项"夸赞"符合题意。A.compliment夸赞；B.recommendation推荐；C.hesitation犹豫；

D.determination决心。故选A项。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据第二段"Obsessions,meanwhile,areinseparablefromour

peculiaritiesaspeoplewecometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreally

works,it'sasrevealingabouttheauthorasitisitssubject.（与此同时,痴迷与我们的特殊性

是不可分割的，因为我们爱上某些东西往往是出于奇怪的原因。当专栏真正起作用的时

候，它对作者的揭示就像它的主题一样。”中的revealing以及后文的forexample可知，

作者举出该作家的例子是为了说明作者如何在专栏中揭示（reveal）自己。故选D项。

（4）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Therecommendationitselfshouldbeattractively

unexpected"sideways",aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying,butreally,it'sjustanexcuse

tocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.（正如编辑们可能太喜欢说的那样,这

个推荐本身应该是出人意料的、吸引人的"侧面"，但实际上，它只是一个借口，让杰出

的作家们松懈下来，以取悦或激励我们。"'中的attractivelyunexpected"sideways"可知，

作者希望读者会发现这些建议超出了他们的预期。故选D项。

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者在《纽约时报》开辟新专栏的过程。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

8~11.【答案】D、B、A、C

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中"Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthens

Countyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstook

jobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour."（在过去的四年里，AthensCounty的福利人数减少了

一半。但在过去两年里，不再受救济的人中，有70%的人从事的是每小时不到6美元的

工作。）可知，虽然人们找到了工作，但收入太低以至于他们生活仍然贫困。因此"Because

theirwagesareverylow."（因为他们的工资很低。）符合题意。故选D项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中"Thereformischangingthemoralclimatein

low-incomecommunities.It'sbeginninglorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmore

important."（改革正在改变低收入社区的道德风气。它开始重建工作观念，这是更重要

的。）可知，重塑低收入工作者们的工作观念是最改革的核心任务。因此"workethic”

（工作观念）符合题意。故选B项。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中"TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmore

than30percent-twicethenationalaverage.Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationthat

muchmoreneedslobedone."（AthensCounty的贫困率仍然保持在30%以上，是全国平

均水平的两倍。对于穷人的倡导者来说，这意味着需要做更多的工作。）可知，Athens

County的贫困率很高，说明人们的生活水平很低。以及最后一段中"thenthecountrycan

makeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards."（然后国家可以做出其他

第12页，共22页

旨在提高生活水平的政策改变。）可知，国家的福利政策就是为了提高人民的生活水平。

因此'improvetheirlivingstandards"（提升他们的生活水平）符合题意。故选A项。

（4）C.推理判断题。根据第一段"Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalready

beenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimated

thatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994."（虽然福利改革还处于早期

阶段，在许多州就已经被认为是一个巨大的成功-至少在使人们摆脱福利方面是这样。

据估计，自1994年以来，有超过200万人脱离了救济名册。）可推断出，福利改革制

度虽然还处于早期，但是已经改变了人们的思想观念，使人们不再心安理得的接受救济，

这本身就是一个胜利，所以作者认为福利改革总体上是成功。因此“considerswelfare

reformsuccessfulonthewhole."（认为福利改革总体上是成功的。）符合题意。故选C

项。

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国正在进行的社会福利改革。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

12~15.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第五段"In1859,astronomersdeterminedthatthe

orbitofMercurywasnotbehaving,overtime,asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanother

newplanet（namedVulcan）wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,this

suppositiondidnotpanout；rather,Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthis

context.（1859年，天文学家确定，随着时间的推移，水星的轨道并不像牛顿力学预测

的那样。因此，另一颗新行星（命名为火神）被提出。与海王星存在的预言不同，这个

假设没有得到证实；相反，牛顿力学在这种情况下是一个错误的理论。）”可知，牛顿

定律没有准确预测太阳有另一颗行星叫火神。故选D。

（2）B.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Indoingso,scientistsattemptedtodismisswhat

logicianshaveknownforlong：thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscanprovea

supposedcause.（在这样做的过程中，科学家们试图驳斥逻辑学家们早就知道的事实：

再多的正确预测的结果也不能证明一个假设的原因。）"可推断，作者在第三段提到逻

辑学家来暗示科学家可能所犯的错误。故选B。

（3）D.词义猜测题。根据文章第五段划线词前句"Soanothernewplanet（namedVulcan）

wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,（因此，另一颗新行星（命名为

火神）被提出。与海王星存在的预言不同，）"和后句"rather,Newtonianmechanicswasan

incorrecttheoryinthiscontext.（相反，牛顿力学在这种情况下是一个错误的理论。）"

可知，另一颗新行星的假设没有得到证实。所以panout为"被证明、被证实"之意。A.appear

出现;B.bedivided被分割；C.shrink收缩;D.beproved被证明。故选D。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一S"However,Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoesnot

givetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit,andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharmthan

good,notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic,butforthepracticeofscience.（然

而，我想说的是，这种立场并没有给目标受众足够的信任，声称绝对真理弊大于利，不

仅对科学与公众的互动，而且对科学的实践也是如此。）"可推断，作者认为我们永远

不能排除一种理论是错误的可能性。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过具体的事例来说明科学理论也有可能是错误的。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料•；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材

料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善

于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，

仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】E、G、C、B、D

【解析】（1）E.推理判断题。分析整篇文章的结构可知，这是一篇总分结构的文章。

此空处于第一段最后一句话，经分析发现是承上启下的句子。根据上一句话“Everyyear

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