2021年广东省高考英语冲刺试卷（附答案详解）

2021年广东省高考英语冲刺试卷（4月份）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

WildlifeCrossingBridgesTheWildlifeBridge

In2018,Utahbuiltawildlifebridgeoverthebusyhighway1-80.A4.8-kilometerfencewas

createdtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.Normally,animalstakealongtimetodiscoverand

beginusingwildlifebridges,soexpertsdidn'texpectthebridgetogetmuchtrafficforseveral

years.Butrecently,they'vediscoveredmanydifferentkindsofanimalsarebeginningtomove

byusingthebridge.

TheRopeBridge

OnChina*sHainanIslandin2015,scientistscreatedabridgeforHainangibbonsthatarethe

world'smostendangeredprimatesandnormallycrosstheforestbyswinginghighinthetrees.

Butaftera2014typhoon,landslidescausedhugegapsintheforest,whichwereforcingthe

gibbonstomakedangerousjumps.Scientistscreatedasimpleandcheapropebridge,which

settledtheproblem.

TheEco-Bridge

InUttarakhandstateinIndia,theforestdepartmenthasbuiltaspecial"eco-bridge",made

fromall-naturalmaterials.It's27.5meterslongandrunsoveroneofthebusiesthighwaysinthe

area.Thoughthebridgeishighinthetrees,forestdepartmentworkershopethebridgewillhelp

smalleranimalsontheground,too.Already,thebridgehasgottenalotofattentiononthe

Internet,withmanypeopletakingphotosinfrontofiteveryday.

TheParkBridge

ThePhilHardbergerParkliesinSanAntonio,Texas,andrecentlyithasopenedwhattheysay

isthelargestwildlifebridgeintheUS.Thisbridge,unliketheothersmentionedhere,wasbuilt

forusebybothanimalsandhumans.Theparksaystheyhavealreadyseendeerusingthe

bridge.

1.WhathasmadeexpertsfeelunexpectedabouttheWildlifeBridge?

A.It'sbeencompletedwithin2years.

B.Ifsbeingusedbyanimalsalready.

C.IfsbecomeanInternet-famoussite.

D.It'sAmerica'sbiggestwildlifebridge.

2.Whichbridgesrunoverhighways?

A.TheWildlifeBridgeandtheEco-Bridge.

B.TheWildlifeBridgeandtheRopeBridge.

C.TheEco-BridgeandtheParkBridge.

D.TheRopeBridgeandtheParkBridge.

3.Whatisthecommonpurposeinbuildingthefourbridges?

A.Toattractmoretourists.

B.Toreducetrafficaccidents.

C.Tosaveendangeredanimals.

D.Tocreatewildlifepassageways.

B

LindaTuttHighSchoolopenedauniquegrocerystoreinthecityofSanger,whereinsteadof

payingforproductswithcash,theircommunitycanearnpointswhichtheythentradein.How

dotheygainpoints?Byperforminggooddeeds!Allstudents,staffmembersandfamiliesin

theschooldistricthaveaccesstothedailygoodstheyneedtogetthroughCOVID-19-freeof

charge.

ThestoreissuppliedthroughapartnershipwithFirstRefugeMinistries,Albertsonsgrocery

store,andTexasHealthResources.Itisopenthreedaysaweek.Theyevenoffera

COVID-friendlycurbside（路边）pickuponTuesdaynights!Itismeanttoprovidenecessary

dailygoodsforfamiliesinneed.Familiesareautomaticallyawardedpointsbasedontheir

familysize,butstudentscanhelpthefamiliesearnmorebyhelpingoutaroundtheschool,

cleaning,orgettinggoodreferrals（推荐）fromtheirteachers.HeadmasterAnthonyLove

calledit"theingeniousmethod",comparedwiththetraditionalapproachesusedtomake

studentshelpothers.

Thestoreisoperatedandmanagedentirelybythestudents.Notonlyaretheyencouragedto

showotherskindness,buttheyalsohaveasenseofcontrolduringthisuncertaintime.,fManyof

themcomefromlow-incomefamiliesthatneedjustalittleextrasupportwithfood/'Anthony

added.

Sothestorehastheextraprofitofgivingitsstudentemployeesvaluableexperience."Ithink

thisisthemostexcitingpartofit,whichtheycancarrywiththemastheygraduatefromhigh

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schoolandmoveonintotheworld,'*Anthonysaid.

Whatabrilliantwaytosupporttheircommunity!Betweenprovidingdailygoodsfor

families,givingkidsexperienceconcerned,andmakingtheirschoolabetterplacethroughgood

deeds,traditionalbusinessescouldlearnathingortwofromthisapproach!

4.Whatisspecialaboutthegrocerystore?

A.Itsownerisalocalschool.

B.Itisopenthreedaysaweek.

C.Studentsrentitfreeofcharge.

D.Gooddeedscanbeexchangedforitsgoods.

5.WhydidLindaTuttHighSchoolopenthegrocerystore?

A.Tohelppeopleinneed.B.Togetsomeincomes.

C.Tokeeppeopleathome.D.Toofferstudentspaidjobs.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ingenious1'inParagraph2mean?

A.Careful.B.Strict.C.Creative.D.Flexible.

7.Whatistheaddedbenefitofthegrocerystore?

A.Itmakesmorefamiliesgetgoods.

B.Itprovidesstudentswithjobskills.

C.Itencouragesstudentstograduate.

D.Itsavesmoretraditionalbusinesses.

c

TheGermanshipPolarsternisnormallydesignedtobreakupheavyice.Butin

September,2019,theshipsetsailfromNorwaywiththegoalofgettingfrozenintotheArctic

icecapforayear.Themission(任务)waspartofa$155millionprojectknownasMOSAiC,

ledbyGermany'sAlfredWegenerInstitute(AWI),whosegoalistolearnmoreabouttheice

thatformsneartheNorthPole.Theicecaphereisn'tcompletelysolid,andit'sacollectionof

floes-floatingsheetsofice.Assummerapproaches,someoftheicemeltsandmanyfloes

breakfree.

ByOctober,2019,theshipwasfrozenintotheArcticicenorthofSiberia.Themissionwasn't

withoutitschallenges.Firstandmostimportantly,thePolarsternhadtofindanicefloethatis

usedasitsprimaryresearchbase.Theicefloemustbesolidenoughtoanchortheshipandto

supportalltheresearchequipmentthescientistsneededtouse.However,doingitprovedeasier

saidthandone.Oncetheshipwasfrozeninplace,thescientistshadtowrestlewiththe

dangerouspolarbearsthatwerewanderingaround.Dealingwithextremecoldwasanother

challenge.Theyalsohadtofacethelonganddarkpolarnight,aperiodduringwinterwhenthe

sundoesn'triseatallinthecentralArctic.InSeptember,2020,theboatfinallyreturnedto

Bremerhaven,Germany.

"WearewatchingtheArcticseaicedie,'1saidthemission'sleader,MarkusRex.Theteam

reportsthattheiceshelfisfullofholes,andthattheicethatremainsisthinandmelting.Recent

satellitemeasurementssupportthatidea.Thesizeofthisyear'sicecapisthesecondsmallest

everrecorded.

Nextcomesthelongprocessofstudyingallthedatathatwascollectedduringthelastyear.

ThomasKrumpen,oneofthescientists,saidMWe'lllikelybebusywithitoverthenextten

years.1'

Thescientistshopethisabundantinformationwillhelpthemmakebetterpredictionsabout

climatechange.

8.WhatdoesMOSAiCtrytodointheArctic?

A.Protecttheicecap.B.Stoptheicemelting.

C.Studytheicedeeply.D.Breakupheavyice.

9.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforthescientistsonthePolarstern?

A.Findingtherightfloe.B.Fightingtheextremecold.

C.Avoidingpolarbears.D.Reducingtheloneliness.

10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesituationsoftheArcticice?

A.Carefree.B.Positive.C.Tolerant.D.Objective.

11.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthejourneytotheArctic?

A.Expensive.B.Confidential.C.Fruitful.D.Casual.

D

Whenalivingthinggivesoffaglow,itscalledbioluminescence.Firefliesareawell-known

exampleofbioluminescence.Manymushroomsarealsobio-luminescent.Firefliesandother

bio-luminescentcreatureslightupthankstochemicalsinsidetheirbodies.Thesechemicalsare

knownasluciferins,whichcauseachemicalreactionthatgivesofflight.

Plantsdon*tnaturallyhaveluciferins,sotherearenonaturallybio-luminescentplants.Inthe

past,scientistscreatedglowingplantsbyaddingDNAfromglowingbacteria.Buttheglowing

effectwasweak.Theyalsocreatedglowingplantsbyaddingluciferinstoplants.In2017,a

teamatMITwasabletocausewatercressplantstoglowforaboutfourhours.Now,researchers

第4页，共22页

ataRussiancompanycalledPlanta,workingwithscientistsfromtheUnitedKingdomand

Austria,havecomeupwithanewmethodofcreatingglowingplantswhichlastaslongasthey

arealive.Thescientistsfocusedonanacidthatisfoundinbothplantsandmushrooms.By

addingcertainpartsoftheDNAfromglowingmushroomstoordinarytobaccoplants,the

scientistsareabletocreateplantsthatcanmaketheirownluciferinsusingthisacid.The

scientistsreportthatthegreenishlightisabout10timesbrighterthaninearlierones,whichis

strongenoughtobeeasilyrecordedwithanordinarycamera,butdoesn'taffectthehealthofthe

plants.

Glowingplantsreflectthewayplantswork.Thescientistspointoutthattheglowingisn't

constant,butseemstochange,dependinguponwhatishappeninginsidetheplants.Younger

partsoftheplantsglowmorestronglythanolderparts.Theflowersglowespeciallybrightly.

They'venoticedmovingpatternsoflightintheplants,whichtheythinkmayshowactivityin

plantsthatnormallycan'tbeseen.Theglowingalsohelpsuncoverhowplantsmaybeaffected

bythingsaroundthem.Forexample,theplantsglowmuchmorestronglywhenaripebanana

skinisnearby.

12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?

A.Whatbioluminescenceis.B.Whatluciferinsareusedfor.

C.Whychemicalreactionexists.D.Whysomelivingthingsglow.

13.Howdotobaccoplantsproduceluciferins?

A.Byglowingconstantly.B.Byusinganinputchemical.

C.Bymakingglowingbacteria.D.Byabsorbingnaturallight.

14.Whatdoestheauthorconveyaboutglowingplantsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theactivitiesoftheirlight.

B.Theirvaluetothescientists.

C.Theireffectsonotherplants.

D.Thespacesoftheirexistence.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ScientistsCreateGlowingPlants

B.GlowingPlantsAttractScientists

C.PlantsGlowBetterandBetter

D.MakingPlantsGlowIsNecessary

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12・5分）

Listeningtomusicisrelativelyinexpensiveandeveryonecandoiteasily.Asisknowntoall,

musichasmanybenefits.(1).Meanwhile,youcanalsomakeuseofittocreatemore

joyinyourlife.Herearesomeways.

Letmusicsay"Goodmorning"toyou.(2).Thismusiceasesyouintothedaylikea

beautifulsunrise,andstartsyououtinagoodmood.Thisiseasytoprogramifyouhavea

Smartphonethatallowsyoutochooseasongasyouralarm.Apositivemorningmusic

ceremonyisasurewaytostartyourdayoffinabettermood.

(3).

Singaloudwithmusicasoftenasyoucan.Ifyouwanttotakethepositiveeffectsoflisteningto

musictoanotherlevel,trysinging.Singingisoneofthebestwaystoregulatebreathingand

promoterelaxation.Singintheshower；singinthecar.(4).Thisisnotabout

performingbutaboutyourrelaxation.Ifyou*regoingtosing,pickingandsingingthesongs

thatyouknowwillputyouinabettermood,inspireyou,orhelpyourelax.

(5).Ifyouhaveadailyexerciseroutine,trytakingmusicalongwithyou.A

morningwalkorruncanbecomeeasierandmoreenjoyableifyouhavemusicasyourpersonal

coachandcompanion.Again,itisimportantforyoutochoosemusicthatworksforyouand

thatyouknowwillhavetheeffectyouaretryingtoachieve.

A.Trywakingtoafamiliarpieceofmusic.

B.Makemovementswithmusiceveryday.

C.Spendingafewminutessingingaloudisnecessaiy.

D.Don'tworryifyouthinkthatyouaren'ta"good"singer.

E.Findsomebeautifulandinspiringmusicwhileyou'reworking.

F.Youcanusemusicinyourdailyroutinetohelpreducestressandanxiety.

G.Thiscanalsopreventyourminddraggingyoubackintotheworriesofyesterday.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第6页，共22页

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15・0分)

PaigeCalendineofZanesville,Ohio,maylookalittledifferentfromherteammates,butshe*s

justastalented-ifnotmoreso.Paigewasbornwithoutlegs,butshehas(1)alot.

Herparents,SeanandHeidi,choseearlyonnottoplace(2)onher.Whenshewas18

monthsold,theyenrolled(报名)heringymnasticsclassestohelpher(3)upper

bodystrength!

''Becauseshewasbornwithoutlegs,shedoesn'tknowit'sa(4),“Seanexplained.

"We(5)rightawaythatwewouldnottreatherlikeadisabledchildormakethings(6)

forher.Wewantedhertolearnhowto(7)therealworld/*

Intheyearssince,Paigehas(8)herselftobeagiftedathlete!Today,she'spartofthe

XceLTeamatZanesvilleGymnastics.Notonlyhasher(9)inspiredhercoachesand

teammates,butit'salsoearnedher(10)!InagymnasticscompetitionlastOctober,

the8-year-oldtookfirstplace!

(11),sheislookingforwardtotryingothersportsinthefuture,including

swimmingandarchery(箭术)!Shehasnever(12)herabilitiesandhopesto

encourageotherstoadoptthesame(13)"Faceyourdisadvantagebravely,andyoucan

(14)anythingthathappensinyourlife,'*shesaid.

Whataninspiration!Paigehas(15)thatwedon11havetoletanythinggetintheway

ofdoingwhatwelove.

21.A.sufferedB.achievedC.thoughtD.seen

22.A.attentionB.limitsC.associationD.goals

23.A.buildB.evaluateC.controlD.discover

24.A.phenomenonB.shameC.burdenD.disability

25.A.announcedB.signaledC.decidedD.advocated

26.A.accurateB.usefulC.easyD.clear

27.A.adjusttoB.careaboutC.dependonD.cheerfor

28.A.consideredB.provenC.believedD.encouraged

29.A.honorB.potentialC.desireD.talent

30.A.medalsB.skills

C.sympathyD.responsibility

31.A.UnexpectedlyB.RandomlyC.UnreasonablyD.Differently

32.A.analyzedB.describedC.doubtedD.shared

33.A.hobbyB.attitudeC.luckD.concept

34.A.conveyB.understandC.selectD.overcome

35.A.concludedB.directedC.repliedD.shown

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.Duringthe18thcentury,seasideholidaysbegan.However,atthattime,itwasonlya

luxury(奢侈)forthewealthiestpeople.Onlytheupperclass(1)(visit)

theseasideintheirfreetime.(2)firstBritishseasidetownwasScarborough,(3)

becamepopularwhenastreamofacidicwaterwasfoundinthesouthofit.Itwas

believedthatthewatercouldcontributeto(4)(treat)smalldiseases.Brighton,

inthesouthoftheUK,wasalsoanearlyseasidetown.Itwas(5)(extreme)

popularwiththewealthy.KingGeorgeIVespeciallyenjoyedvisitingit.In1815,he

transformedhishomeintoapalacebythesea.Partofhishomehasnowbeenturnedintoa

museum.

Greatchangesaboutseasideholidays(6)(take)placeoverthelastfewdecades.

Inthebeginning,onlytherichcouldenjoythem,butnowadays,theyare(7)

(access)toall.Inthe1840s,the(8)(invent)oftherailwayallowedawider

rangeofpeopletovisitthebeach,asitwasacheaperwaytotravelthanbefore.Asaresult

(9)this,morehotelswerebuiltbesidethesea.Beachesbecamemorepopular

too.Bathingmachinesweremadeavailableforpeopletoget(10)(change)

in.Itwasbeachetiquette(礼仪)tousethem,particularlyforwomen.

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter给你发邮件说他即将参加英国高考(A-level),

但现在感到紧张，不知如何办。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.以具体事例安慰对方；

2.提出建议。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

第8页，共22页

DearPeter,

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成--篇完整的短文。

LynnMarchessaultandhertwochildrenpackeduptheircarinGeorgiaandsettledinfora

five-dayride.TheyweregoingtomeetupwithLynn'shusbandinAlaska,whereheis

stationedasasoldier.

BecauseofCOVID-19regulations,theyhadtosticktoastrictfive-dayscheduletoreach

theirdestination.Unfortunately,oncetheyenteredCanada,thingsbegantotakeaturnfor

theworse.Lynn'sphonedidn'thavesignalwithoutanInternetconnection,sotheyhadno

GPS.Nottomention,herwindshieldwipers（雨舌ij器）wouldn'twork,shewashaving

anextremelydifficulttimedrivinginthesnow,whichshehadneverdonebefore,andshe

wasn'tallowedtostopanywhereforhelpbecauseofthetravelrestrictions.

Thankfully,awomannamedTeenanoticedhercryinginhercaratagasstation.Upon

hearingLynn'sstory,shedecidedtotakealookattheirtires.ShefoundthatLynnhad

summertires.That'swhyshewashavingsomuchtroubledrivinginthesnow.Teena

helpedLynngettoatireshop,wheretheownerhelpedherswapoutherwheelsforsome

thatwerebettersuitedtothewinterweatherandchangedherwipers-eventhoughitwas

Sundayandthebusinesswasactuallyclosed.

Lynngotbackontheroad,onlytostopatahotelthatwasmeantonlyforoilfieldworkers.

ButwhenAndy,thehotelmanager,sawthatLynnwasstruggling,hebenttherulestolet

themomandherkidsspendthenightsotheydidn'thavetogetbackontheroadincold

weather.

Unabletobeardrivinganotherthreedaysalone,Lynndecidedtohireadrivertotakethem

therestofthewaytotheAlaskanborder,another1,000milesaway.Shereachedoutto

Teenatoseeifshecouldhelpherfindsomeone.BetweenTeenaandthepowerofsocial

media,theywereconnectedwithGaryBath,aCanadianRanger（护林员）whooffered

tohelpthemgettoAlaska!

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Overthecourseoftheirthree-daydrive,LynnandGaryhadgreat

conversations._____________________

Difficultiesmayoccurtoallofus.

第10页，共22页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】D

【解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge部分

Normally,animalstakealongtimetodiscoverandbeginusingwildlifebridges,soexpertsdi

dn*texpectthebridgetogetmuchtrafficfbrseveralyears.Butrecently,they*vediscoveredm

anydifferentkindsofanimalsarebeginningtomovebyusingthebridge.通常情况下，动物

要花很长时间才能发现并开始使用野生动物的桥梁，因此专家们没想到这座桥在几年内

会有很多流量。但最近，他们发现许多不同种类的动物开始利用这座桥移动。可知它被

动物使用已经让专家们对这座野生动物桥感到意外。故选B.

(2)A.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge部分

A4.8-kilometerfencewascreatedtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.建造了一道4.8公里长

的围栏，帮助引导动物到桥上。以及TheEco-Bridge部分

It's27.5meterslongandrunsoveroneofthebusiesthighwaysinthearea.它长27.5米，横跨

该地区最繁忙的公路之一。可知野生动物桥和生态桥横跨高速公路。故选A.

(3)D.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge部分

A4.8-kilometerfencewascreatedtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.建造了一道4.8公里

长的围栏，帮助引导动物到桥上。TheRopeBridge部分

Butaftera2014typhoon,landslidescausedhugegapsintheforest,whichwereforcingthegi

bbonstomakedangerousjumps.Scientistscreatedasimpleandcheapropebridge,whichsett

ledtheproblem.但是在2014年台风过后，山体滑坡在森林中造成了巨大的缺口，迫使长

臂猿做出危险的跳跃。科学家们发明了一种简单廉价的索桥，解决了这个问题。

TheEco-Bridge

部分

Thoughthebridgeishighinthetrees,forestdepartmentworkershopethebridgewillhelpsm

alleranimalsontheground,too.尽管桥在树上很高，森林部门的工作人员希望桥也能帮助

地面上的小动物。TheParkBridge部分

Thisbridge,unliketheothersmentionedhere,wasbuiltforusebybothanimalsandhumans.

Theparksaystheyhavealreadyseendeerusingthebridge.这座桥与这里提到的其他桥不

同，是为动物和人类建造的。公园说他们已经看到鹿在桥上。可知建造这四座桥的共同

目的是创造野生动物通道。故选D.

本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四座专门为动物搭建的桥的特点和用途。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】B

【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据第一段"…whereinsteadofpayingforproductswithcash,

theircommunitycanearnpointswhichtheythentradein."可知，该商店不用现金购买商品，

而是靠做好事获取积分，以便购买商品。这是它的特别之处。故选D项。

(2)A.细节理解题。根据第二段"Itismeanttoprovidenecessarydailygoodsforfamilies

inneed.”可知，商店的目的是为有需要的家庭提供必要的日常用品。故选A项。

(3)C.词义猜测题。本句前面"Familiesareautomaticallyawardedpointsbasedontheir

familysize,butstudentscanhelpthefamiliesearnmorebyhelpingoutaroundtheschool,

cleaning,orgettinggoodreferrals(推荐)fromtheirteachers."谈到：根据家庭规模，家

庭会自动获得积分，但学生可以通过做好人好事帮助这些家庭获得更多积分，比如，在

学校打扫卫生，或从老师那里得到好的推荐等。再结合本句后部分的"comparedwiththe

traditionalapproaches•••",说明相对于传统的方法，这些办法是有创意的。故划线词

"ingenious"意为"有创意的"与creative同义。A.Careful.小心的；B.Strict.严格的;C.

Creative.有创意的；D.Flexible灵活的。故选C项。

(4)B.细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容，特别是第四段中的"Sothestorehastheextra

profitofgivingitsstudentemployees'valuableexperience."可知，这种商店还有一个额外的

好处，那就是使它的学生“雇员”获得宝贵的经验。故选B项。

这是一篇说明文。琳达•塔特高中(LindaTullHighSchool)在桑格市(Sanger)开了一

家独特的杂货店，学生、员工以及学校所在的社区不用现金购买商品，他们可以通过做

好事获得积分，然后用积分进行交易。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分

析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8.【答案】

第12页，共22页

【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】C

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段"Themission（任务）waspartofa$155million

projectknownasMOSAiC,ledbyGermany'sAlfredWegenerInstitute（AWl）,whose

goalistolearnmoreabouttheicethatformsneartheNorthPole."（该任务是一个名为“马赛

克”的项目的一部分，该项目由德国的阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所（AWI）领导，其目标

是更多地了解北极附近形成的冰。）可知，“马赛克”项目的目的是更多地了解北极附近

形成的冰。A.Protecttheicecap.保护冰帽;B.Stoptheicemelting.阻止冰融化;C.Study

theicedeeply.深入研究冰；D.Breakupheavyice.打碎厚厚的冰。故选C.

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段"Firstandmostimportantly,thePolarsternhadtofindanice

floethatisusedasitsprimaryresearchbase."（首先也是最重要的是，极地号必须找到一

块浮冰作为它的主要研究基地。）flr'However,doingitprovedeasiersaidthandone.*'（然

而，事实证明，说起来容易做起来难。）可知，找到合适的浮冰对极地号上的科学家来

说是最大的挑战。故选A.

（3）D.观点态度题。根据文章第三段"'WearewatchingtheArcticseaicedie,'saidthe

mission'sleader,MarkusRex.Theteamreportsthattheiceshelfisfullofholes,andthattheice

thatremainsisthinandmelting.Recentsatellitemeasurementssupportthatidea.Thesizeof

thisyear'sicecapisthesecondsmallesteverrecorded.H（"我们正在看着北极海冰消失，”

该任务的负责人马库斯雷克斯说。研究小组报告说，冰架上到处都是洞，剩下的冰很薄

而且正在融化。最近的卫星测量数据支持了这一观点。今年的冰帽是有记录以来第二小

的。）可知，作者只是客观描述北极海冰的现状，没有作评判。A.Carefree.无忧无虑的；

B.Positive.肯定的；C.Tolerant.宽容的；D.Objective.客观的。故选D.

（4）C.推理判断题。根据第四段"Nextcomesthelongprocessofstudyingallthedatathat

wasCollectedduringthelastyear.ThomasKrumpen,oneofthescientists,said'We'lllikelybe

busywithitoverthenexttenyears."，（接下来是对去年收集到的所有数据进行研究的漫长

过程。其中一位科学家托马斯克伦彭说：”在未来的十年里，我们可能会忙于研究它。”）

和第五段"Thescientistshopethisabundantinformationwillhelpthemmakebetter

predictionsaboutclimatechange."（科学家们希望这些丰富的信息能够帮助他们更好地预

测气候变化。）“可推知，“极地号”此次北极之旅收获颇丰。A.Expensive.贵重的；B.

Confidential.保密的；C.Fruitful.富有成果;D.Casual.随意的。故选C.

这是一篇说明文。德国“极地号”在北极冰帽中冷冻了一年后，于2020年9月终于回到

了德国的不来梅港。该船收集了大量有关北极冰的信息，科学家们希望这些信息能够帮

助他们更好地预测气候变化。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子

的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】B【小题4】A

【解析】（1）D.主旨大意题。根据第一^"Whenalivingthinggivesoffaglow,it'scalled

bioluminescence.Firefliesareawell-knownexampleofbioluminescence.Manymushrooms

arealsobio-luminescent.Firefliesandotherbio-luminescentcreatureslighlupthanksto

chemicalsinsidetheirbodies.Thesechemicalsareknownasluciferins,whichcauseachemical

reactionthatgivesofflight."（当一个生物发出光时，它被称为生物发光。萤火是一个众

所周知的生物发光的例子。许多蘑菇也有生物发光。萤火虫和其他发光生物之所以发光

是因为它们体内的化学物质。这些化学物质被称为荧光素,它们会引起发光的化学反应。）

可知，第一段的重是为什么有些生物会发光。故选D.

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中"ByaddingcertainpartsoftheDNAfromglowing

mushroomstoordinarytobaccoplants,thescientistsareabletocreateplantsthatcanmaketheir

ownluciferinsusingthisacid."（通过将发光蘑菇的特定DNA片段添加到普通烟草植物中，

科学家们能够创造出利用这种酸来制造自己的荧光素的植物。）可知，烟草植物利用一

种加入化学物质产生荧光素。故选B.

（3）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Glowingplantsreflectthewayplantswork."（发光

植物反映了植物的活动方式。）以及倒数第二句"Theglowingalsohelpsuncoverhowplants

maybeaffectedbythingsaroundthem."（这种发光植物还有助于揭示植物是如何受至U周

围环境的影响的。）可推知，本段作者在传达发光植物对于科学家们的价值所在。故选

B.

（4）A.标题归纳题。根据第二段中"Now,researchersataRussiancompanycalled

Planta,workingwithscientistsfromtheUnitedKingdomandAustria,havecomeupwithanew

methodofcreatingglowingplantswhichlastaslongastheyarealive."（现在，一家名为Planta

的俄罗斯公司的研究人员与来自英国和奥地利的科学家合作，提出了一种创造发光植物

的新方法，这种植物可以一直存活下去。）结合文章说明了植物本身并没有荧光素，所

第14页，共22页

以没有天然的发光植物。但科学家们经过不断尝试，创造出了能够发光的植物。文章介

绍了这种植物的一些特性和发光植物对于科学家们的价值所在。可知，A选项”科学家

创造出发光