全科中级辅导外科和急救

全科中级辅导外科和急救当前1页，总共95页。当前2页，总共95页。当前3页，总共95页。多根多处肋骨骨折——连枷胸形成当前4页，总共95页。当前5页，总共95页。当前6页，总共95页。当前7页，总共95页。儿童:头面颈=9+(12-年龄）

双下肢=46-(12-年龄）女性：双侧臀部=双足=6%themegalleryCompanyLogo当前8页，总共95页。当前9页，总共95页。当前10页，总共95页。当前11页，总共95页。当前12页，总共95页。当前13页，总共95页。当前14页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前15页，总共95页。当前16页，总共95页。当前17页，总共95页。当前18页，总共95页。当前19页，总共95页。当前20页，总共95页。当前21页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前22页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前23页，总共95页。themegallery当前24页，总共95页。themegallery当前25页，总共95页。themegallery当前26页，总共95页。themegallery当前27页，总共95页。themegallery隐神经鞘瘤当前28页，总共95页。themegallery当前29页，总共95页。themegalleryneurofibroma当前30页，总共95页。themegallerycapillaryhemangioma当前31页，总共95页。themegallery当前32页，总共95页。themegallery当前33页，总共95页。themegallery当前34页，总共95页。themegallery当前35页，总共95页。themegallerydermoidcyst

当前36页，总共95页。themegallery当前37页，总共95页。themegallery当前38页，总共95页。themegallerysebaceouscyst

当前39页，总共95页。themegallery当前40页，总共95页。themegalleryepidermoidcyst当前41页，总共95页。当前42页，总共95页。当前43页，总共95页。thyroidadenoma

当前44页，总共95页。papillarythyroidcarcinoma当前45页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前46页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前47页，总共95页。当前48页，总共95页。当前49页，总共95页。当前50页，总共95页。治疗：乳房纤维腺瘤虽属良性，但亦有恶变可能，一经发现，应予手术切除。CalcifiedFibroadenoamaFibroadenoma当前51页，总共95页。Breastcancercausing“orangepeel”skinintheleftbreastandthathasspreadtotheleftarmpit.Thisspreadhascausedalargelumpinthetailoftheleftbreast/leftarmpitregion.当前52页，总共95页。当前53页，总共95页。当前54页，总共95页。当前55页，总共95页。当前56页，总共95页。传统张力手术(tensionoperation)无张力手术(tension-freeoperation)显著地降低了手术后疝的复发率有效地减少了术后患者的不适感当前57页，总共95页。急性阑尾炎--病理SuppurativeappendicitisSimpleappendicitisGangrenousappendicitisAppendixperforation当前58页，总共95页。当前59页，总共95页。胆囊结石胆固醇结石含胆固醇为主，多呈椭圆形（单发者）或多面形（多发者），表面平滑或稍呈结节状，淡灰色，质硬，剖面呈放射状线纹，X线平片上不显影。此种结石多在胆囊内。胆色素性结石以胆红素为主要成分，多为泥沙样，质软而脆，有的如泥团状，有的如沙粒，为棕黑或棕红色。大小不等，因含钙少，X线平片上多不显影。多在肝内、外胆管中。当前60页，总共95页。当前61页，总共95页。当前62页，总共95页。当前63页，总共95页。(forty,fat.female,fruitful4F)themegalleryCompanyLogo当前64页，总共95页。当前65页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前66页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前67页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前68页，总共95页。当前69页，总共95页。当前70页，总共95页。当前71页，总共95页。当前72页，总共95页。当前73页，总共95页。（A）病人站立，大腿上1/3扎上止血带；（B）交替伸屈膝关节10余次或行走；（C）静脉曲张益形明显，小腿胀痛，即为深静脉通畅试验阳性当前74页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前75页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前76页，总共95页。CompanyLogo当前77页，总共95页。CompanyLogoThisisarenalcellcarcinomaarisinginthelowerpoleofthekidney.Itisfairlycircumscribed.Thecutsurfacedemonstratesavariegatedappearancewithyellowishareas,whiteareas,brownareas,andhemorrhagicredareas.Thoughtheseneoplasmsareusuallyslow-growing,theycanoftenreachaconsiderablesizebeforedetectionbecausethereisalotofroomtoenlargeintheretroperitoneum,andthereisanotherkidneytoproviderenalfunction.Thus,presentingsymptomsandsignsusuallyincludeflankpain,masseffect,andhematuria.当前78页，总共95页。CompanyLogoThisisamuchmoreadvancedrenalcellcarcinomainvolvingtheleftkidney(top).Noticeahugemassofnecroticyellowishbrownmaterialreplacingthelowerpoleofthekidney.Alsonoticethatthevenacavainthecenterofthepictureisfilledwithtumor.Thisistypicalofthisneoplasm.Intheupperpoleofthiskidneyisawellcircumscribedtumorwhichhasayellowish-browncolorandshowscentralnecrosis.Thisisarenalcellcarcinoma.当前79页，总共95页。CompanyLogo当前80页，总共95页。CompanyLogo当前81页，总共95页。膀胱癌Tis膀胱癌Ta-1膀胱癌临床分类分期当前82页，总共95页。CompanyLogo膀胱癌临床分类分期膀胱癌T2-3膀胱癌T4当前83页，总共95页。CompanyLogo当前84页，总共95页。CompanyLogo膀胱肿瘤治疗手术治疗为主。（一）表浅膀胱肿瘤原位癌细胞分化不良、已经有浸润的应及早行膀胱全切术；细胞分化良好的可行经尿道手术。（二）浸润性膀胱肿瘤1、分化良好、局限的T2期肿瘤可行经尿道手术。2、一般根据肿瘤浸润范围、大小、数目选择膀胱全切术或膀胱部分切除术，部分切除范围应包括距离肿瘤2cm以内的全层膀胱壁。3、膀胱全切术后的尿流改道4、浸润性肿瘤的新辅助化疗：MVAC方案，若结合髂内动脉埋泵化疗效果更佳（三）膀胱肿瘤术后的随访术后每周一次膀胱灌注化疗共8次，后改每月一次，总共持续1年。术后每3个月复查膀胱镜。当前85页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前86页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前87页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前88页，总共95页。themegalleryCompanyLogo当前89页，总共95页。themegallery