2019-2020学年山东省淄博市第七高一3月线上考试英语试题（解析版）

山东省淄博市第七2019-2020学年高一3月线上考试英语试题第I卷（选择题)一、选择题(共20个小题，每小题1.5分，共30分。)1.He______writingthepapernow.Hehadn’twrittenasinglewordwhenIlefthimtenminutesago.A.shouldn’tbe B.can’thavefinishedC.can’tbe D.mustn’thavefinished【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查推测句。句意：他现在不可能写完了卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时，他还没有写一个字。根据句意可知，此处考查对过去情况的否定推测，其表达为can’thavedone不可能做某事，故选B项。【点睛】本题考查推测句对过去情况的肯定推测是musthavedone对过去情况的否定推测是can’t/couldn’thavedone例如:Thegroundiswet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.Hecan’thavefinishedhiswork,becauseheplayedbasketballalldayyesterday.2.Thephoneisringing!________itbeyourteacherShawn?Hewaslookingforyouthewholemorningsinceyou’vegotsomanyFails!A.Can B.Would C.May D.Will【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：响了！会不会是你的老师Shawn？你挂了太多科，他一早上都在找你。分析句子可知，此句为疑问句，情态动词can通常指用于否定句或疑问句中表示对现在或将来的推测，根据下文“Hewaslookingforyouthewholemorningsinceyou’vegotsomanyFails!”，可推断推测是谁打来的，故用can，选A。3.Moreandmorecountrieshaveetorealizethattheworld____dowithoutHuaweiandits"moreadvanced"technology.A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn't【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：越来越多的国家意识到世界上离不开华为和它更先进的科技。A.can’t不能；B.needn’t不需要；C.mustn’t一定不能；D.shouldn't不应该。can’tdowithout意为“离不开”，为固定搭配。故选A。4.—MustIhandinthehomeworkrightnow?—‘That’stherule．____________A.Yes，youcan． B.No，youcan’t．C.Yes，youmust． D.No，youmustn’t．【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词一般疑问句的回答。句意：——我必须现在交作业吗?——这是规则。是的，你必须。A.Yes，youcan.是的，你能；B.No，youcan’t．不，你不能；C.Yes，youmust.是的，你必须；D.No，youmustn’t．不，你禁止。回答must，肯定句用must，表示“必须”。结合句意可知答案为C。5.AIwillsurelybeafeatureoffuturelife,butit_____beusedresponsiblyandinaproperway.A.can B.need C.must D.will【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：人工智能肯定会成为未来生活的一个特征，但必须以负责任的方式和适当的方式使用它。A.can能够；B.need需要；C.must必须；D.will将会。此处为情态动词的一般用法，结合句意表示“必须”，故选C。6.Itwasalreadydark.Then,Iwonderhowshe______throughtheforestbyherself.A.darednottogo B.daregoing C.notdareto D.daredtogo【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定用法。句意：天已经黑了。然后，我想知道她怎么敢一个人穿过森林。dare做情态动词时通用于所有人称，后接动词原形；用作实义动词时，跟其他动词一样，借助助动词构成否定句和疑问句。故选D。7.Herealizedthatsomeone__________hisroom.Somethingimportantwasmissing.Ashouldn’thaveentered B.couldhaveenteredC.can’thaveentered D.musthaveentered【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意：他意识到一定有人进过他的房间。某个重要的东西丢了。由“Somethingimportantwasmissing.”可知，某个重要的东西丢了。所以一定有人进过他的房间。musthavedone意为“肯定做过某事”，是对过去事情的肯定推测。故D选项正确。【点睛】情态动词+have+done的用法讲解情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。九、“oughtto+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。musthavedone意为“肯定做过某事”，是对过去事情的肯定推测。分析句意可知，musthaveentered符合句意。故D选项正确。8.FromherknowledgeofDouglas'shabits，shefeelssurethattheattackerlastnight___________Douglas.A.mustn'thavebeen B.can'thavebeenC.shouldn'thavebeen D.wouldn'thavebeen【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：从她的Douglas的习惯知识，她觉得昨晚的攻击者不可能是Douglas。根据句中feelssure和lastnight可知，这是对过去事情有把握的否定推测。固定结构：can’thavedone“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去有把握的否定推测。故选B。【点睛】情态动词+havedone结构：1.“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.2.“can/could+have+过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：Hecan'thavefinishedtheworksosoon.3.“may/might+have+过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：Theymaynothaveknownitbeforehand.4.“need+have+过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.5.“should/oughtto+have+过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,oughtto的语气比should强一些.如：Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）Heoughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonethat.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）6.“would＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或oughtto那样含有责备之意.如：Iguessthepoetwouldhavebeenabouttwentywhenshewroteherfirstpoem.Anotherworkerwouldn'thaveactedlikethat.9.Ifcustomersthinktheservicesareworthwhile,Idobelievemanyofthem________acceptandpayforthem.A.hadbetter B.maywell C.mayaswell D.may【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：如果消费者认为这个服务是值得的话，我肯定相信他们中的一些人满可以接受并为此买单。服务觉得值得，就可以很好地接受并买单，故选B。10.Whileitwasn’tthegoalofthetrip,Iwasrewardedwithfreshinsights,onesthat________tomeduringtheregularcourseofbusiness.A.mightneverhappen B.couldneverhavehappenedC.shouldnothappen D.needn’thavehappened【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：虽然这并不是这次旅行的目的，但我得到了一些新的领悟，那些领悟在我的日常生活中是本不可能发生的。此处考查虚拟语气，“我得到新的领悟”发生在过去，故此处是与过去事实相反，应用could/might/would/need/should+havedone，“本不可能发生”是couldneverhavehappened，故选B项。【点睛】本题考查“情态动词+havedone”的虚拟语气，其常用表达有：couldhavedone本能做某事而未做couldn’thavedone不可能做了某事shouldhavedone本应该做某事而未做shouldn’thavedone本不应该做某事而做了wouldhavedone本会某事而未做wouldn’thavedone本不会做某事而做了needhavedone本需要做某事而未做needn’thavedone本不必要做某事而做了11.—Yourangmeupatabout10:00lastnight,didn'tyou?—No,Ididn'tphoneyou.Itsomeoneelse.A.musthavebeen B.couldbe C.mustbe D.couldhavebeen【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意：“昨晚10点左右你给我打了，是吗？”“不，我没给你打。一定是别人干的。”must

have

done

是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”，结合语境可知，我没有打给你，因此猜测一定有别人给你打了。故选A项。12.Tomisniceandlovely,buthebeverynaughtyattimes.A.can B.shall C.must D.should【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：汤姆很好很可爱，但是他有时也很淘气。A.can可能；B.shall用于第三人称时，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；C.must必须，一定；D.should应该。根据题意，表示可能性，故选A。13.Shelooksveryhappy.She_________theexam.A.canhavepassed B.shouldhavepassed C.musthavepassed D.couldhavepassed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意；她看起来很高兴。她一定通过了考试。must/could+havedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“一定/可能（已经）…”，本句中根据语境Shelooksveryhappy可判断，用musthavepassed语气较强，意为“一定是已经通过了（考试）”，故排除D项，选C。【点睛】本题考查情态动词完成式表推测。我们知道，表示推测的情态动词常用的有must/may/might/could/should/oughtto等，其中，must语气最强，只用于肯定句中，can/could常用于否定句和疑问句，may/might常用于陈述句。其后加“have+过去分词”形式时，常常表示对过去情况的推测。例如：（1）Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。（2）Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook？难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should/oughtto表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。14.–DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Heisnotintheoffice.–Well,he______havegonefar—hiscoatisstillhere.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.wouldn’t【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意：——你知道大卫在哪里吗?他不在办公室。——哦，他不可能走远了——他的大衣还在这儿。A.shouldn’thavedone本不应该做某事；B.mustn’t禁止；C.can’thavedone不可能做过某事；D.wouldn’thavedone虚拟语气，是否定性推测，表示对过去事情的假设。根据hiscoatisstillhere可知这里意思是他不可能走远了，故选C。15.Thetrafficisheavytoday.I____arriveabitlate,socouldyousavemeaplace?A.can B.must C.dare D.might【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：今天的交通很拥挤。我也许晚一点到，你能给我留个地方吗？此处指“我也许会晚到一会”。表示事实上的可能性，用may或might，can表示逻辑的可能性；must表示肯定性推测，根据语境，可能性不大，故不用must；dare表示“敢”。综上所述，故选D。16.Ifwehadpaidenoughattentiontotheissueoftheheavily-overloadedvehicles,thetragedyofthecollapseofanoverpassinWuxi_____avoided.A.should B.couldbe C.shouldhavebeen D.couldhavebeen【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够的重视，就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词+havedone”结构，结合句意表示“本来可以；本来能够”应用couldhavedone结构，且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系，故应用bedone形式。故选D。【点睛】情态动词+havedone的结构和用法有以下几种：一、musthavedonesth.“一定做了某事”。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，“肯定/必须已经干过……”，在否定句和疑问句中用can’t或couldn’t或can/could，例如：1.Fromwhatyousaid,shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.从你的话看，她一定告诉了你所有的事情。二、can/couldhavedonesth.本来能够做某事，而实际上未做；1.Butwecouldhavedoneitallsomuchbetter.但是，我们本可以把这一切做得更好。三、can't/couldn'thavedonesth.不可能做过某事；1.Wecould'thavedoneitwithoutyou.没有你我们办不成这事。四、oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做。Youshouldhavedoneitwhenyoufirstsawthembloomingthisspring.你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。2.Evenifit’ssomethingyoushouldhavedoneearlierintheweekormissedadetailon.甚至你在一个星期前的就提早完成了一件事或者忽略了一个小细节。17.—Whataboutseeingthenewmovieatthetheatretonight?—Soundsgreat,butI____workextrahourstofinishareport.A.havegotto B.amabletoC.amgladto D.amwillingto【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：---今晚在剧院看新电影怎么样？---听起来不错，但我得加班完成一份报告。A.havegotto不得不，表示客观上必须做的；B.amableto有能力做某事；C.amgladto很高兴；D.amwillingto愿意做。本句中有人提议看新电影，对方认为主意不错，但不得不加班写报告。写报告是不得不做的事，故选A。18.You_____berightbutI’mgoingbacktocheckanyway.A.should B.must C.need D.might【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你或许是对的，但我还是要回去核对一下。A.should应该；B.must一定，必须；C.need需要；D.might或许。本题主要考查情态动词表示推测的用法，由I’mgoingbacktocheckanyway可知，我对此不确定。由此可知，D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】can/could用于表推测的用法(1)

从使用句型上看，can

通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could

可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could

比can

更委婉，更不确定。(2)

从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接

bedoing

结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。二、

may/might用于表推测的用法表示推测，两者都可用，只是

might

比

may

语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。如本题，根据I’mgoingbacktocheckanyway可知，我对此不确定。由此可知，D项符合题意。(1)

在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。三、must表示推测的用法must

表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。19.Herpanion_____atrickonher,forshewasnotinthemoodforeverythingthatday.A.can’thaveplayed B.musthaveplayedC.shouldhaveplayed D.needn’thaveplayed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone的用法。句意：她的同伴一定是跟她开了个玩笑，因为那天她心情不好。A.can’thaveplayed不可能开玩笑；B.musthaveplayed一定在开玩笑；C.shouldhaveplayed本应该开玩笑；D.needn’thaveplayed本不需要开玩笑。表示对过去发生的事情的非常有把握的肯定推测，故选B。20.Travelingbysubway______sometimesbequiteanadventure,especiallyduringtherushhour.A.must B.can C.shall D.should【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：乘地铁旅行有时可能相当冒险，尤其是在交通高峰期。A.must必须；一定；B.can能够；可能；C.shall将会；D.should应该；应当。本句中can表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力），故选B。二、阅读理解(共20个小题，每小题2分，共40分。)AEatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam’sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere’snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbee,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthatacpaniesthereport.Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.21.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.22.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Objective.23.Guyatt’savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith________.A.healthrisks B.diethabitsC.animalwelfare D.environmentalprotection24.Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?A.Redmeatsdon’thavesignificanthealthrisks.B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。一些研究人员通过研究12项涉及约54000人的临床试验的数据，认为与红肉相关的健康风险增加很小，而且不确定，对于那些喜欢吃肉的人来说，减少可能是不值得的。但一些科学家不同意此结论，这些研究人员中有一些也有不同看法。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段开头“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”，“theresearchersarguethat”，“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”，“Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”，“Basedontheiranalyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”可知，但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”可知，这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。BThereitwas.Atestofwillpower.I’monaspecialdietwithfoodscarefullyselectedforbalancednutritionandcaloricvalue.Apieceofcheesecakeisnotanoption.Soherewasmydilemma:ShouldInoteatthecheesecake,feeldissatisfiedandtakeoutmyfrustrationontheannoyinglyskinnyphysicalinstructoratthegym?OrshouldIeatthecheesecakeandworkoffthecalories?Thelatterseemedlikeawin-winsolution.NotonlywouldIgettoenjoythecheesecake,butI’dgetanexercisesession.Andthenithitme:adelicateplantousemycheesecakeasanexerciseincentive.Iplatedathinsliceofcheesecakeandcarefullywalkeditupthestairsandsetitonmybedsidetablewithasmallfork.Iputonmyexerciseoutfitandwentdownstairs.TheappealofthecheesecakegotstrongersoIlaunchedmyplan:Iwouldrunupanddownthestairsandthenbackupagain.Myreward:onesmallbiteofcheesecake.IfIwantedanother,I’dhavetorundownandupanddownandupagain.OffIwent.Ah,creamyvanillagoodnesswithoutguilt.IwantedanotherbitesoIquicklysprintedthroughanotherstairclimbingrun.Admittedly,itishardertoenjoythecreaminessofthecheesecakewhenmytonguewasdryfromover-breathing.Iplacedabottleofwaternexttothecake.Downandupanddownandupagain.WhenIstruggledovertothecheesecake,myhandbypassedtheplateandwentforthewaterinstead.Ididn’twantthecakeanymore.Iwantedallthissweatandefforttodomorethancancelthecaloriesfromcheesecake.Iwasexhaustedandsurethecheesecaketastedfinebutjustnotgoodenoughtomakemerunupanddownthestairsonemoretime.Myplanworked.Now,anytimeIfelttemptedtoindulgeinaformerfavorite,Irememberedmystairstrick.25.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A.Shehasweakwillpower.B.Sheisbad-temperedandverycritical.C.Sheneedsassistancewithmakingthechoice.D.Shehesitatedovereatingsomethingagainstherdiet.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inparagraph2mean?A.Motivation. B.Excuse.CSubstitute. D.panion.27.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor’splan?A.Itinvolvedmuchenergyconsumption.B.Itridthecakeofthepleasanttaste.C.Itchangedtheauthor’spreferenceforfood.D.Itwasexhaustingandcausedsuffering.28.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Acostlydilemma.B.Anevilcheesecake.C.Atrickthatworked.D.Asweatingexperience.【答案】25.D26.A27.A28.C【解析】本文是记叙文。作者非常在意食物的营养和热量值均衡，当面对并不是作者首选的美味的奶酪蛋糕时，作者陷入了两难的境地。后来，她想到一个巧妙的计划，用奶酪蛋糕作为锻炼的动力，通过反复的操作后，作者感觉奶酪蛋糕的诱惑没有开始那么大了，不想再吃蛋糕了。现在，每当她想沉溺于以前的最爱，她就想起了这个微妙的计划。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Apieceofcheesecakeisnotanoption.Soherewasmydilemma:ShouldInoteatthecheesecake,feeldissatisfiedandtakeoutmyfrustrationontheannoyinglyskinnyphysicalinstructoratthegym?OrshouldIeatthecheesecakeandworkoffthecalories?（奶酪蛋糕不是应该的选择。因此我陷入两难之地：我应该不吃奶酪蛋糕，感到不满足，然后把我的不满发泄在健身房里讨厌的瘦教练身上?还是我应该吃奶酪蛋糕，再消耗掉这些卡路里?）可推知，当面对并不是作者应该选吃的美味的奶酪蛋糕时，作者陷入了两难的境地。由此可知，她对吃违背她的健康饮食的东西时犹豫不决。故选D。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Myreward:onesmallbiteofcheesecake.（我的奖励是：口奶酪蛋糕）可推知，划线词所在句Andthenithitme:adelicateplantousemycheesecakeasanexerciseincentive.句意为“然后我突然想到了一个巧妙的计划：用奶酪蛋糕作为锻炼的奖励”。结合选项：A.Motivation动力；B.Excuse借口；C.Substitute代用品；D.panion同伴。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Iwantedallthissweatandefforttodomorethancancelthecaloriesfromcheesecake.Iwasexhaustedandsurethecheesecaketastedfinebutjustnotgoodenoughtomakemerunupanddownthestairsonemoretime.（我希望所有的汗水和努力不仅仅是抵消奶酪蛋糕的热量。我累坏了，奶酪蛋糕尝起来味道不错，但还不足以让我在楼梯上跑上跑下）可知，作者的这个计划，消耗了她很多热量，把她累坏了。故选A。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Andthenithitme:adelicateplantousemycheesecakeasanexerciseincentive.（然后我想到了一个巧妙的计划：用奶酪蛋糕作为锻炼的奖励）及最后一段中的Myplanworked.（我的计划奏效了）可知，作者主要介绍了自己面对饮食诱惑时想到的一个巧妙的计划。由此可知，C项Atrickthatworked（一个有效的伎俩）适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。CNewYear’sresolutions（决心）oftenfail,butnowanewstudymayjustprovidemotivationforyoutosticktothem.Scientistsfoundthatmeetinggoals—suchasgivingupdrinkingorsmoking—canslashyourriskofcancer.Thelarge-scalestudy—ofhalfamillionBritons—lookedattheeffectsofquittingtobacco，limitingalcoholintake,maintainingalowbodymassindex(BMI),exercisingregularlyandeatingahealthydiet.Eachindividualbehaviourwasfoundtobringadecreaseinthechanceofgettingcancerofabouteightpercent.Butifpeoplecarriedoutalltogethertheoverallriskreductionwasaboutathird—andlikelyagreatercutindeathsfromthedisease.TheresearchersfromCardiffUniversityexamineddatafrom343,150peoplefromtheUKBiobanktoidentifythefivehealthybehavioursandparethemtotheriskofcancer.Thesubjectswereaged40to69and14,285werediagnosed（诊断）withthediseaseduringanaveragefollow-upofjustoverfiveyears.Theteamfoundthatadopting（采用）allthestudiedhealthybehavioursbroughta25and35percentreductioninbowelandbreastcancerrespectively—twoofthemostmonformsofthedisease.Theteamsaidthefindingsmaynotsoundsurprising—buttheyserveasareminderoftheimportancebehindturningresolutionsintopermanentlifestylechoices.ProfessorElwood,theleadresearcher，saidtherealproblemforpeopleadoptingresolutionswastranslatingtheunclearideaoflifestylechoicesbeing“good”intousefulevidence—whichwaswhatthisstudyprovided.“Ahealthylifestylehasmanyadditionalbenefitstocancerreduction—itcostsnothing,hasnoundesirablesideeffects…andisbetterthananypill.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“slash”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Cut. B.Increase.C.Change. D.Keep.30.Whatcanbelearntfromthepassage?A.Almosthalfofthesubjectsoftheresearchgotcancer.B.Bowelcancerandbreastcancerarethemostmondiseases.C.Ahealthyhabitwillbringdowntheriskofcancerby33%.D.TheresearchshowsthebenefitsofcarryingoutNewYear’sresolutions.31.AccordingtoProfessorElwood,theresearchismainlyaimedat______.A.warningpeopleoftheriskofcancerB.removingpeople’sdoubtsabouthealthylifestylesC.persuadingpeopleintostickingtohealthylifestylesD.provingtherelationbetweenlifestylesandcancer32.Whatwouldprobablybethebesttitle?A.HowtoChooseHealthyLifestyles?B.QuitNewYear’sResolutions?ThinkAgain!C.MakeYourNewYear’sResolutionsWisely!D.HealthyLifestylesBringDownCancerRisks!【答案】29.A30.D31.C32.B【解析】本文为议论文，从健康角度说明了好的生活方式带来的好处，敦促人们要保持健康的行为习惯。【29题详解】词义猜测题。从下文的研究结果可知，健康的行为习惯能降低患病的风险，故可推知slash意为“降低”，因此选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。从第四段Theteamsaidthefindingsmaynotsoundsurprising—buttheyserveasareminderoftheimportancebehindturningresolutionsintopermanentlifestylechoices.可知，该研究进一步证实了执行新年心愿对健康的极大帮助，因此D项正确。【31题详解】细节理解题。从最后一段中Elwood教授说的话“Ahealthylifestylehasmanyadditionalbenefitstocancerreduction—itcostsnothing,hasnoundesirablesideeffects…andisbetterthananypill”可知，该研究的目的是说服人们坚持健康的生活方式。故选C。【32题详解】主旨大意题。由文章中的研究可知，健康的生活方式与患病的风险有密切关系，意在说服人们坚持新年心愿所代表的健康的生活方式，故选B。DIfyou'reajunkfoodlover,youwillknowthis：Nomatterwhereyoushoporwhatbrandyoubuy,whenyoutear（openabagofpotatochips,it'salmostalwayshalffilled.Thiscanbequitedisappointing.Ialwayshopethosebagsarequitefull.Butthere'sactuallyagodreasonforthis--andno,thefoodpaniesarenotpullingafastoneonyou.Inthemanufacturingindustry.“slackfill”istheemptyspacethat'splacedaroundaproductonpurpose.Theideaisthattheextraroomcan"protect"yourLaysorTostitos（brandsofchips）.Thetripfromtheproductionmachinetothemarketcanbegrillelongandhard！Ifitweren'tfor"slackfill',yourchipswouldprobablylookmorelikebreadcrumbs（面包屑）.Butwait,there'smore,Thinkthatthebagofpotatochipswasfilledupwithair？Itactuallyisnitrogengas(氮气).ChipsmanufacturersfillbagswiththisgastohelpkelpchipsfreshIfitwerefilledwithregularair,thechipswouldlikelyturnwetandsoftin1994,scientistsfoundthatexposingchipstonitrogennotonlyheapedtoprolongtheshelflife（保质期）,butalsomadethemstaycrisp（脆的）What'smore,nitrogenisanaturalgasandpletelyharmless.Stillfeelyouaretrickedbytheemptybag？There'sawaytotelltheamountofpotatochipsinyoursnickbugbeforeyoubreakitopen.In1966,theFairPackagingandLabelingActwaspassed.whichrequiresmanufacturerstoshowthenetweightoftheirproducts'contents.Whenshoppingforyournextbagofpotatochips,payattentiontothenetweightthat'sprintedonthebag.Thiswayyou'llbeabletoknowifitisworthyourmoney.33.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1mean?A.Doingatest. B.Playingatrick.C.Changingitsfocus. D.Reachinganagreement.34.Whatdoweknowabout“slackfill”?A.Itmakesthechips’baglookempty. B.Itcanshortentheproducts'trip.C.ItisonlyusedorLaysorTostitos. D.Itcanpreventdamagetothechips35.Whydochips'manufacturerschoosenitrogentofillupthebag?A.Tokeepchipstastinggood. B.Tomakechipslookgood.C.Toreducetheproductscost. D.Toavoidcausingharmtohumans.36.Whatareweadvisedtodointhelastparagraph?A.Valueaproductbyitsnetweight. B.Workouttheproductsnetweight.C.Noticetheproducts'shelflife.D.Paymoreattentiontotheemptybag.【答案】33.B34.D35.A36.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为何一包薯片里总是半满的状态，这是由于“松弛填装”可以防止损坏薯片，以及生产商会通过添加氮气使薯片保持新鲜。以及建议按照产品的净重来估量产品价值。【33题详解】词义猜测题。结合上文Nomatterwhereyoushoporwhatbrandyoubuy,whenyoutear（openabagofpotatochips,it'salmostalwayshalffilled.Thiscanbequitedisappointing.Ialwayshopethosebagsarequitefull.Butthere'sactuallyagoodreasonforthis无论你在哪里购物或买什么牌子的食品，当你撕开一包薯片时，它几乎总是半满的。这可能相当令人失望。我总是希望那些袋子很满。但实际上有一个很好的理由。可知薯片里总是半满是有原因的，因此可知食品公司并没有欺骗你。故划线短语意思为“欺骗”。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Theideaisthattheextraroomcan"protect"yourLaysorTostitos（brandsofchips）.（这个想法是，额外的空间可以“保护”你的乐事或Tostitos(薯片品牌)。）可知“松装”可以防止损坏薯片。故选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中In1994,scientistsfoundthatexposingchipstonitrogennotonlyheapedtoprolongtheshelflife,butalsomadethemstaycrisp.（1994年，科学家们发现，将薯片暴露在氮环境中，不仅能延长薯片的保质期，还能使薯片保持酥脆）可知薯片制造商选择用氮气来填充袋子，是为了让薯片保持好的口感。故选A。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Whenshoppingforyournextbagofpotatochips,payattentiontothenetweightthat'sprintedonthebag.Thiswayyou'llbeabletoknowifitisworthyourmoney.（当你购买下一袋薯片时，注意包装袋上印着的净重。这样你就能知道它是否值得你的钱。）可知最后一段中作者建议我们按照产品的净重来估量价值。故选A。【点睛】易错分析第四题，Whatareweadvisedtodointhelastparagraph?A.Valueaproductbyitsnetweight.B.Workouttheproductsnetweight.C.Noticetheproducts'shelflife.D.Paymoreattentiontotheemptybag.本题易容易根据最后一段中Whenshoppingforyournextbagofpotatochips,payattentiontothenetweightthat'sprintedonthebag.当你购买下一袋薯片时，注意包装袋上印着的净重。而错选B选项“最好一段中建议我们计算出产品的净重”，本题注意不要忽视了下文Thiswayyou'llbeabletoknowifitisworthyourmoney.这样你就能知道它是否值得你的钱。作者建议计算人们计算产品净重的目的是希望人们按照净重来估算产品的价值，而避免受骗，故选A。EItmayseemasifMother'sDaywasinventedbyapanynamedHallmark,butpeoplehavebeentakingtimeonthecalendartogiveashout-outtoMomforalongtime.TheGreeksandRomanshadmothergoddessfestivals—althoughtheircelebrationsdidn'tinvolvethemenfolktakingtheirunderappreciatedmothersouttodinner.AmorerecenttraditionwasMotheringSunday,whichdevelopedintheBritishIslesduringthe16thcentury.OnthefourthSundayinApril,youngmenandwomenwhowerelivingandworkingapartfromtheirfamilieswereadvisedtoreturntotheirmothers’houses.Mother'sDayasitisobservedintheUnitedStatesstartedinthe1850swithAnnJarvis,aWestVirginiawomanwhoheld“Mothers'WorkDays”topromotehealthandhygiene(卫生)athomeandintheworkplace.DuringtheCivilWar,Jarvisorganizedwomentoimprovesanitaryconditionsforsoldiersonbothsides,andafterthewarshebecameapeacemaker,furtheringthecaus