山西省2022届高三上学期期末预热大联考英语试题

山西省2022届三上学期末预大考英语题学校_________

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学号__________一、阅理解1.2022BestNationalUniversityRankingsTheUSNewsBestCollegeRankingscanhelpprospectivestudentsandtheirfamiliescompareinstitutionsastheylookforthebestfit.Hereisabreakdownofwhatgoesintotheannualrankings.PrincetonUniversityTheivy-coveredcampusofPrincetonUniversity,aprivateinstitution,islocatedinthequiettownofPrinceton,NewJersey.Princetonwasthefirstuniversitytoa“noloan(贷款)”policytofinanciallyneedystudents,givingfinancialaidinsteadofloanstoacceptedstudentswhoneedhelppayingtuition.ColumbiaUniversityColumbiaUniversityhasthreeundergraduateschools:ColumbiaCollege,TheFuFoundationSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),andtheSchoolofGeneralStudies.ThisIvy(春藤)League,privateschoolguaranteesstudentshousingforallfouryearsoncampusinManhat-tan’sMorningsideHeightsneighborhoodinNewYorkCity.HarvardUniversityHarvardUniversityisaprivateinstitutioninCambridge,Massachusetts,justoutsideofBoston.ThisIvyLeagueschoolistheoldesthighereducationinstitutioninthecountryandhasthelargestdonationofanyschoolintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyThoughtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologymaybebestknownforitsmath,scienceandengineeringeducation,thisprivateresearchuniversityalsooffersarchitecture,humanities,management

andsocialscienceprograms.TheschoolislocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,justacrosstheCharlesRiverfromdowntownBoston.Tofurtherexploretherankingsanddata,pleaselogintheUSNewsCollegeCompass!Thefollowingpagesincludeeachschool’sperformanceacrossrankingindicatorsandthelateststatisticsusedinthecalculations.【小题1】Whichuniversityismostfavourabletothepoorerstudents?A．PrincetonUniversity.B．ColumbiaUniversity.C．HarvardUniversity.D．MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.【小题2】Whatdothefouruniversitieshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A．TheyareIvyLeagueB．Theyguaranteestudents’schools.accommodation.C．TheyareprivateD．Theyofferfinancialaidtoinstitutions.students.【小题3】Wherecanwefindthetext?A．Inageographicalmagazine.B．Inatravelbrochure.C．Inaneducationbook.二、未

D．Onawebpage.2.ReneCompeanhadhikedtheparknearhishomeinSouthernCaliforniamanytimes.ButafterexploringanewpathlastApril,hewaslost.Withnoflashlight,onlyalittlewaterandlessthantenpercentbatteryremainingonhiscellphone,Compeanclimbedtoaspotwherehefoundatleastonebarofsignal.“SOS.Myphoneisgoingtodie.I’mlost,”hetextedafriend,attachingaphotoshowingwherehewas.Theshotshowedhisdirtylegshangingoveranumberofsteeprocks.AllCompeancoulddothenwastowaitandhope.SixtymilesawayinVentura,BenKuowasworkingathomewhenhereadatweetfromtheLosAngelesCountySheriff’sDepartment,showinganunclearimageofaman’slegs.Thesheriff’srescueteamshadspentthepreviousnightunsuccessfullylookingforCompean,sotheyreleasedthephototothepublic,hopingsomeonemightknowthelocation.

Whenhesawtheunclearpicture,hepulledupasatellitemaponhislaptop.ThefirstthinghenoticedinCompeanphotowaspatchesofgreenery.Aftercomparingittothesatellitemap,Kuorealizedsomething;He’sgottobeonthesouthsidebecausethere’snotreallyanygreenvalleysonthenorthside.Thatfindingtightenedhissearch,leadinghimtoanareathatresembledtheplaceintheimage.Thefinalstepwascross-referencing(相互参照)theoriginalphotowith3DimagesoftheareafromGoogleEarth.Thelocationsmatched!Hequicklycalledthesheriff'sdepartmentwiththelatitudeandlongitudesuppliedbyGoogleEarth.Soon,asearch-and-rescueteamhelicopterwasintheair,hoveringaboveCompean.Afterspending27hoursaloneinthewilderness,Compeancried,“I’msafe!”Sgt.JohnGilbertinthesheriff’sdepartmentthoughtCompean’sstoryprobablywouldhaveendedverydifferentlyhadatotalstrangerwithstrongsatelliteskillsandasharpeyefordetailnottakenaction.【小题1】WhydidReneCompeangetlost?A．Somethingwaswrongwithhislegs.B．Hedidn’thaveaflashlightandwater.C．Hewasnotfamiliarenoughwiththepath.D．Hisphonefailedtoworkwellinsignaling.【小题2】WhichofthefollowingbestdescribedReneCompeanafterhegotlost?A．Calm.B．Thrilled.C．Tired.D．Adventurous.【小题3】WhatmainlycontributedtoCompean’ssuccessfulrescue?A．GoogleEarth’ssupplyoflocation.B．TheSheriff’sDepartment’srescueeffort.C．Compean’spreviouskindnesstowardsD．Thestranger’skindnessandhissatelliteskills.【小题4】Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Compeanlikesexploringunfamiliarpaths.B．Thestrangerfoundtherightlocationwithouteffort.C．Technologyhasbecomeincreasinglysignificantinourlives.D．Hikingwithoutfullpreparationcansurelyleadtotrouble.

三、阅理解3.Astudy,withthegoalofreducingthebadenvironmentaleffectsofcattle,suggeststhatcattlecanbetrainedtoleavetheirwasteinspecialareas.Inthestudy,scientiststrained11youngcattletousethe“MooLoo—akindofbathroomforcattle.Theresearchersusedasweettreattogetthecowstopushthroughadoorandurinate(尿)asinstructed.“Thecowsareatleastasgoodaschildren,aged2to4years,atleastasquick,”saidLindsayMatthewsofNewZealand’sUniversity.Urinecontainsnitrogen(氮).Whenwithsolidwaste,itbecomesammonia(氨).Thechemicalcanplayapartinenvironmentalproblems.Itcanalsopol-lutewaterandcreatethepollutantnitrousoxide.Asinglecowcanproduceabout30litersofurineaday.In2019,asreported,nitrousoxidemadeup7%ofalltheUSgreenhousegases.ScientistBrianHarewasnotpartoftheresearchbutsaidhewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Iamnoonehasdemonstratedthatbefore,”Haresaid.Healsoaddedthatifitcouldbedonemoreoftenorinlargeramounts,traininganimalswouldmakeiteasiertodealwithwasteproductsandreducegreenhousegases.Atthelaboratory,theresearchersputthecattleinthespecialarea,waiteduntiltheyurinatedandthengavethematreat:asweetliquidofmolasses.IfthecowsurinatedoutsidetheMooLooafterthetraining,theygotashotofcoldwater.Twoissuesraisequestionsaboutthestudy.Researchersgavedrugstothecattletogetthemtourinatemorebecausetheyhadlimitedtime.AndresearchersonlytrainedcowstousetheMooLootourinate,nottoleavesolidwaste.Urineisabiggerproblem,atleastinEurope,buthepredictedtheresearcherscouldtraincowstoleavesolidwastetoo.Thebiggestenvironmentalproblemforcattle,though,isthegasmethane.Cowsreleasethegasthatcausesglobalwarming.Thecowscannotbetrainedtonotreleasesuchagas.Matthewssaid:“Theywouldblowup.”

【小题1】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph5referto?A．Thecowscanbetrainedtourinateinthebathroom.B．Youngcowsareascleveras2-or4-year-oldchildren.C．Theresultofthefindingwasprovedvainduetolimitedtime.D．Noresearcherwassurprisedatthefindingbefore.【小题2】Howarethecattletrainedtourinateinspecialareas?A．Bygivingdrugstothecattle.B．Byofferingasweettreatiftheydoasguided.C．Byshootingwithcoldwateratthem.D．Bymeasuringhowmuchurinetheyleaveeveryday.【小题3】Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Trainedcattleandcowscanlargelyreducetheglobalwarming.B．Thenextstageoftheresearchistotraincowsnottoreleasethegas.C．Themethodusedintheresearchcannotcompletelyreducethepollution.D．Cattlereleasethelargestamountofgascomparedtootherspecies.【小题4】Whatisthetextabout?A．MooLoo—Aspecialbathroomisdesignedforyoungcattle.B．Cowsaretobetrainedforscientificpurposesonalargerscale.C．Environmentalistscanmakefulluseofcows’solidwasteandurine.D．Trainingcattletourinatecontributestolessgreenhouseeffect.4.Complexsystemsarecharacterizedbyrandomnessanddisorderandaredifficulttounderstand.Thisyear’sNobelPrizerecognizesnewmethodsfordescribingthemandpredictingtheirlong-termbehaviour.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2021wasawarded“forgroundbreakingcontributionstoourunder-standingofcomplexsystems”withonehalfjointlytoSyukuroManabeandKlausHasselmann“forthephysicalmodellingofEarth’sclimate,quantifying(量化variabilityandreliablypredictingglobalwarming”andtheotherhalftoGiorgioParisi“forthediscoveryoftheinterplayofdisorderandfluctuations(波动)inphysicalsystemsfromatomictoplanetaryscales”.

OnecomplexsystemofvitalimportancetohumankindisEarth’sclimate.SyukuroManabedem-onstratedhowincreasedlevelsofCOin2theatmosphereleadtoincreasedtemperaturesatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Hisworklaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofcurrentclimatemodels.Abouttenyearslater,KlausHasselmanncreatedamodelthatlinkstogetherweatherandcli-mate,thusansweringthequestionofwhyclimatemodelscanbereliabledespiteweatherbeingchangeableandchaotic.Healsodevelopedmethodsforidentifyingspecificsignals,fingerprints,thatbothnaturalphenomenaandhumanactivitiesimprintintheclimate.HismethodshavebeenusedtoprovethattheincreasedtemperatureintheatmosphereisduetohumanemissionsofCO

2.Around1980,GiorgioParisidiscoveredhiddenpatternsindisorderedcomplexmaterials,whosediscoveriesareamongthemostimportantcontributionstothetheoryofcomplexsystems.Theymakeitpossibletounderstandanddescribemanydifferentandapparentlyentirelyrandommaterialsandphe-nomena,notonlyinphysicsbutalsoinotherverydifferentareas,suchasmathematics,biology,neuroscienceandmachinelearning.“Thediscoveriesrecognizedthisyeardemonstratethatourknowledgeabouttheclimaterestsonasolidscientificfoundation,basedonathoroughanalysisofobservations.Thisyear’slaureateshaveallcontributedtousgainingdeeperinsightintothepropertiesandevolutionofcomplexphysical”saysThorsHansHansson,chairoftheNobelCommitteeforPhysics.【小题1】Whatcanbeinferredaboutthethreescientists?A．Theyeachreceivedequalprize.B．TheyjointlysharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysics2021.C．TheyestablishedaphysicalmodellingofEarth’sclimate.D．Theyfoundcomplexsystemsaredifficulttounderstand.【小题2】Whyarethethreescientists’contributionsimportanttohumankind?A．Theymadegreatcontributionstoourunderstandingofcomplexsystems.B．Theylaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofcurrentclimatemodels.C．Theyansweredthequestionofwhyclimatemodelsarereliable.D．Theythrewlightonrandommaterialsandphenomenainphysics.

【小题3】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“laureates”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Competitors.BC．PrizeD．Activeparticipants.【小题4】Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheGreatestThreePhysiciansin2021B．ComplexSystemsAreEasytoUnderstandSince2021C．SurpriseandCuriosityAretheSeedsofScienceD．ThreeScientistsWonNobelPrizeinPhysics2021四、七五5.TipstoreviseeffectivelyusingimportantquestionanswersExamsareatoughtimeforstudents.Atthelastmoment,studentsneedtorevisetheimportanttopicstoscorewellinexams.Buttheyfinditdifficulttoreviseallconceptsduetoalackoftime.小题1】Studentscanreviseallimportanttopicsandtheentiresyllabusfortheirexamsfromtheimpor-tantquestionanswersgivenonline.Herearesometipsforrevision:Thefirststepistosearchforarelevantandauthenticsitefordownloadingimportantquestionanswers.小题2】Onlyfindingimportantquestionanswersonlineisnottherightwaytoscoreeffectivelyinexams.Afterfindingareliablesite,studentscandownloadtheimportantquestionanswersontheircom-puters.TheycansavethePDFfileontheircomputerssothattheydonothavetogetonlineforrevi-singimportantquestionanswersinthefuture.小题3】Duringthefirstrevision,studentsshouldmarkallimportantquestions.【小题4】Thiswillfurtherhelpthemtoreviseallimportantconceptsquickly.【小题5】TheycanalsodownloadthequestionanswersinasequencesothattheycaneasilyfindimportantquestionanswersforaparticularchapterortopicduringrevisionImportantquestionanswerscanhelpstudentstogetreadyfortheirfinalexams.Revisingallcon-ceptsjustbeforetheexamswill

helpinboostinguptheconfidenceofthestudentsandtheycanper-formbetterintheirexams.A．Studentscangetaclearunderstandingoftheimportanttopicsfortheexam.B．Studentscanfindimportantquestionanswersforallchaptersinasequence.C．Thiswaytheycanhaveaccesstotheimportantquestionsandanswersanytime.D．Theyshouldunderlinetheimportanttopicsandquestionsrelatedtothetopics.E．Thebestwaytoreviseeffectivelyisfromimportantquestionanswersgivenonline.F．Whenstudentscanreviseallimportantconceptsjustbeforetheexamstheycanfeelconfident.G．Studentsshouldsearchforapopularsitebyreadingthereviewsofthestudents,teachers,andparents.五、未6.WhenOmarMohamedwasaboylivingintheDadaabrefugee(难).campinKenya,helovedpicturebooks.Buthisschoolonlyhadaboutthreeorfour;theteachers________themoutforthechil-drento________justafewtimesayear.“Whenthathappened,itwasaspecial________,”saysMohamed,31.“Youreadandyourereadthatbook.Thenyoureachapointwhereyoucanbecomemore________withit.”Nowhe’sthestarofhisown________book,thegraphicmemoir(回忆录)WhenStarsAreScat-tered.________tomiddleschoolers,thebook________Mohamed’slifeattherefugeecampsupto2009,whenheandhis________,Hassan,resettledtotheUS.TheboysfirstarrivedtoDadaabintheearly90safterthestartofSomalia’scivilwar.Mohamedwas4andHassanwas2whentheirvillagewasattacked.Inthe________,MohamedandHassanwere________fromtheirthreesistersandtheirmom.________,theirfatherhadbeenkilledbygunmen.Agroupofneighborstookthemalongasthey________safetyinKenya.Atthe________,anelderlyneighbornamedFatumalookedaftertheboys________amom.AsMohamedgrewolder,hehelpedtakecareofHassan,whohasepilepsy(癫痫症)andisnon-verbal.Hemademany

effortsto________withtheirmom.Andhehadtomake________choicesaboutwhethertogotoschool—andmovewithHassantoanewcountry.Today,Mohamed,livesinLancaster,Pennsylvania,withhiswife,fivechildrenandHassan.Hehelps________refugeesintheUSforthegroupChurchWorldServiceandisthe________ofRefugeeStrong,anon-profit________thatprovidesavarietyof________resourcesforrefugeechildrentoimprovetheirstudyinKenya.【小题1】A．foundB．threwC．broughtD．bought【小题2】A．readBC．speakD．write【小题3】A．souvenirB．festivalC．giftD．occasion【小题4】A．popularB．linkedC．familiarD．pleased【小题5】A．fictionB．comedyC．pictureD．reference【小题6】A．PresentedB．TargetedC．OfferedD【小题7】A．leadsB．recoversC．coversD．develops【小题8】A．nephewB．cousinC．brotherD．neighbor【小题9】A．chaosB．wayC．noisesD．distance【小题10】A．dividedB．includedC．connectedD．separated【小题11】A．NeverthelessB．MoreoverC．ThereforeD．Instead【小题12】A．fledtoB．escapedfromC．worriedaboutD．focusedon【小题13】A．schoolB．workplaceC．battlefieldD．camp【小题14】A．asB．likeC．withD．beside【小题15】A．talkB．playC．reuniteD．communicate【小题16】

A．hardB．easyC．casualD．complex【小题17】A．restoreB．rejectC．resultD．resettle【小题18】A．professorB．founderC．speakerD．lecturer【小题19】A．organizationB．corporationC．enterpriseD．government【小题20】A．environmentalB．naturalC．artificialD．educational7.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinerpeopleloveflour-madefood,whetheritisnoodler,dumpling,onflatbread.Inthehandsofskilledcraftsman(艺人),flourmadeintolovelymodelsinpeopleoranimalsbrings小题1】uniquekindatpleasure.Theartformisculleddoughfigurine(塑).In2008,it【小题2】(include)inthelistofnationalintangibleculturalheritage.DonghFigatinelangisakindoffolkart.ItwascreatedbyLungSharon.【小题3】learneditfromZhaoKuoming.knownasthe“kingofdoughfigurines