英语构词法讲解及相关练习

Formation在英语中，词的构成方式主要三种：合成、转化和派生。一合两或更多的词合成个词。方式：直写在一起。用连字符-)接。3.由两个开的词构成。合成容词方式1形容词＋容词2形容词＋词3形容词＋在分词4形容词＋去分词

例词炽热的first-class,full-time,good-looking,ready-made现的、做好的5形容词＋-cold-blooded6名词＋名-iron-willed意刚强的7名词＋形词8名词＋现分词9名词＋过分词10词＋形容词11副词＋现在分词12词＋过去分13词＋名词14词＋名+形词

world-famous,日的、整天的beauty-loving,water-covered,hard-working,well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-knownfive-yearfive-year-old15词＋名-(2)成词构方

例1名词＋动2副词＋动3形容词＋词(3)成词构成方式1名词＋名2形容词＋词3动名词＋词4动词＋副5副词＋动

day-dreamupturn翻粉、美化、掩饰例词horseback,钞newspaper,cellphone,back-yard,forehead,hidingreading-roomget-off,泛滥(4)成词however,wherever,forever(5)成词whoever,,nobody,二派前前

含

例1

a-en-dis-in-

处在……使可能不，否定不做相反动作不，非

aside,aloneenslavedissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagreeunable,unknown,unfair,undress,松inactive,incapable,incorrectim-impersonal,immature,ir-irregular,irresponsibleil-illogical,non-mis-co-ex-tele-super-inter-trans-vice-semi-bitrimul-kilo-

不，非反（对）错误的，坏的重复，再共同以前的远程在上面，超级在之相互，之间下，次过，穿过，变副半两个三个多，多种千

non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopanti-Japaneserewrite,remarry,reunite,co-exist,co-operate,ex-husband,telephone,telegraph,telescopesupermarket,underline,underground,international,互换subtitle,subconscious,变形,vice-premier,vice-presidentsemifinal,semicircle,bicycle,三形,tricycle三脚踏车三胞胎multiply,kilogram后后缀

例

词名词

farmer,pain-killer,murderer,villager,speaker,cooker,heateractress,princess,hostessconductor,sailor,JapaneseEgyptian,physician-istcommunist,-ent/-antassistantargument,2

-nesshappiness,illness,sleeplessnessdictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,-ingbuilding,wedding,paintinghardshipshortage,leakage-typenalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,-thlength,fifteenth,fourth-anceacceptance,assistance,-enceconfidence,-ful-aldenial,-y-domfreedom,wisdom,kingdom-ismmaterialism注意：-ist既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。构的词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。如后缀

例

词形容词

-alnatural-anEuropean,American,Australiansouthern-ablehorrible,terrible,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish,foolish-ivedestructive,collective,effective-ydirty,windy,sunny,healthy,funny-lesscareless,sleepless,-engolden,woolencourageous,continuous,variousimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-ic-sometroublesome,-likechildlike,womanlike,-antignorant,significant,-entdiligent,silent,brotherly,motherly3

后缀

例

词动词

-en-fy

realize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,widen,strengthen,lengthen,widen,quicken,deepensimplify,beautify,后缀

例

词副词

-ward(s)

forward,backward,quickly,carefully,happily,friendly三转:指个词不变化词，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几词类。名和动词之间的转化telephone电话——电话mirror镜子—像镜子一反,drink喝饮,record录——记录,name,study,形词转化为动词

perfect完——完善名转化为形容(词)front前面—前的形词转化为名词

chief主的—领四巩练习Ⅰwordsfromrightcolumnwiththewordsleft.()1.()2.semicircle()3.troublesome()4.sharpen()5.()6.()7.()8.defrost

tofindjobsremove,ridofC.of,having,usingmakeorbecomeE.halfcausingtroublemakerich,inetc.withoutlimitⅡappropriateformofwordstofillintheblanks.1.didnknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)2.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)Look!Howis(happy)Itlastandnowthearecoveredwith(heavy)EdisonaDuringhe______.(invent)Moreandmore_____havevisitChinaoveryears.（foreign）4

We_________foryourfailureto(satisfy)Pleasework.Itwill______myboyhadthe_______ofbeinghalfstarved.10.Thepolice_______plotagainstPresident.(cover)11.ThesaidhatMary’sneededan_______.(operate)12.herson_______.(music)13.______excited.14.Theonthemoongethotter______(boil)15.Thankyou_________.16.Manycollegestudentsworkwhilearebecausetheywanttomoneycollege_____.17.Mostinternational______writteninEnglish,(busy)18.noticedanmistakepaper,buthenot(correct)19.inRome,do(Rome)20.Theteacherwaspleasedwith_______.Ⅲ.根据上下文语和提示的首字母，在划线处写出一个适的词。RaftingRaftinganexcitingadventure.AisthatusepaddleriversandRaftingisaexperiencen________.Ifyouwantraftingtrip,aquiethastreesorrocks.Iflookingforyoutorafting.Whitewaterisa_________anddifficultrafting.Itisonriversandwherethemovesq_______.Youtobec________nottohittreesandotherThe

namefromthethatthewaterinstreamsandriverslookswhenitquickly.SteveJonesisexpertkeepanimalsandfromendangered.Ifwemorewhate________,wem_______itAspeciescanforandplantsahabitatorhome,whichc_______andwherethereisenoughotheralltotheirenvironment;is,theyliveintheirhabitat.Keys:5

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