英语四级语法大全

1.名词2.冠词和数词3.代词4.形容词和副词5.动词6.动名词7.动词不定式8.特殊词精讲9.分词10.独立主格11.动词的时12.动词的语态13.句子的种类14.倒装15.主谓一致16.虚拟语气17.名词性从句18.定语从句19.状语从句20.连词21.情态动词1.词ProperNouns）(Common如BeijingChinabook1）个体名词（Individualgun2）集体名词）：family。3）物质名词（Material）：air。4）抽象名词Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等work。Countable），UncountableNouns）。归词的分类可以下图表示：_______________________________________专有|名|个体|||可数||集体|普通词|物质|

||不可||抽象

|1.1名复的则化___________________________________________________读音例词__________________________________________________读/map-maps/z/;___________________________________________________x等结尾读/iz/watch-watches___________________________________________________读___________________________________________________母yy为ies___________________________________________________1.2其名复的则化

1)y母ystwoMarystheHenrysholiday---holidays层楼：---storeysstory---stories2)a.加s，photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radiosb.加es，如：均：/zeroes3)以f或fe结尾的名a.加s，belief---beliefsgulf---gulfs；b.去f,feves，如：half---halvesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---lives均,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs/1.3词数不则化1）child---childrenman---menwoman---womenman和构成合成-men和-Englishman，German；是theBowmans。2）单复同形，sheep，fish，ChineseJapaneselijin，yuan，li，fourjin:atwodollars;atwo3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattlea，，a，但apersonpolicemanheadofcattle,theEnglishtheBritishtheFrenchthe

Chinese，Japanesethe等名词，Theand中4）以s尾，a.，b.theUnitedStates，UnitedNations应视为单Theorganizedin联是d."Theainterestingstory-book.<<一千夜>是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两：glasses)trousers,clothes双);suit(套);apairofpairswaters水，fishes（各1.4可名量表1）物质名词a.当afood.蛋(数)Thesecakessweet.(数)b.当物Thisfactorysteel.(不数)Weneedvarioussteels.(可)当OurcountryTwoplease.2）抽

fourfreedomsthemodernizationsaofaofadvice一条建议1.5语词复1)：sports运reading-roomtalkstable谈theforeignlanguages2)woman,gentleman等作womenteachersofficials3)有goodstrain(货车)armscustomspapers海关文件clothes衣刷4)词：两打/蛋)aten-miletreesafive-yearachild

1.6不国的的复称(谓语用一theChineseChinesetwotheSwissSwisstwoSwiss人antwoAustraliansAustralianAustralianstheaRussiantwoItaliansanItaliansthetwoGreeksthetheJapanesetwoJapanesetheanAmericantwoAmericanstheIndiansIndiantwoatwotheGermansaGermanstwoGermanstheEnglishEnglishmantwoEnglishmen1.7名的

theSwedishaSwedetwo加"：book。名1）单加"'s"，复数名词词尾没s，加's"，the，men's2）若-s加"'"，the工3）凡不能加""名词of+名词"的thetitleofthe4）在表：5）如'示有个s，则表示'：androomroom6）复，'s：ortwo'sabsence

2.冠和词2.1不定theDefiniteArticle），另一种（theIndefiniteArticle），还有一种是零冠词ZeroArticle）词词同是"一个"的意思。[e]，而an做[1)示"一"为为AMr.iswaiting2)Aknifeisawith.Mr.isan3)alittle/few/alot/aofapile/many/many/arule/inain/a/ashort/aftera/a//anonof2.2定词用词与词thisthat同有"那"的意思，但较1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethe把2）上文提到过的人或事：boughtI'veto3）指世上独一物二的事物：the4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如thedollar;the狐the富人theliving生5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，samedoyoulive?Ithefloor.I've6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersschool.师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.()7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名Shemebythearm..她抓8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶thePeople'sRepublicoftheUnitedStates9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplayspiano.用the格(或林夫妇)用

inday,themorning，thetomorrowthethenextin(water，field，ininindistance,inmiddle(of),theend,onthebytheway,tothe2.3冠的法1)：Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠Theyareteachers.他们是教3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；istheof4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特without5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间WegoMondaytoFriday.

6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstookAmericanGeneral7加冠词如havebreakfastchess8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Ican'twritepenor

9当by中间bybustrain；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：

prisonhospitalbedtableclasstownchurchcourtgotohospitalgotothehospital

(并的)a.b.序数

theatfirst,firstfrom2.4冠与容+名词结构1)raisesawhitecat.Theandthewhiteare2)raisesawhitecat.他2.5冠位1)a.such，，many，，Iseenanimal.Manyafitforb.当名词so,how,however,enough修饰ItisaasIhaveevershortatime.longquite，rather，quite：quitead.在asthough引导Braveathoughis，hetremblesatofsnakes.他尽

2)bothdouble，Allthethewentout.2.6词1）基数词写法和读法：345threehundredandforty-five；2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：a.与of短用ofpeopleb.在一"一排"或"组"的：Theyarrivedinthrees.他们表示"岁"d."年代+the+数词复数；e.在：35=15fivesis(are)first---1st数词的用1）倍数表示法a.主+谓语倍数）+as+adj.+asI我有你三b.+谓语+倍数（）+size(amount，…Theearthtimesthesizeofthe地球是月的49倍。主+谓语倍数）级…Thegrainispercentyearthatofyear.加d.用Theproductionofbeenbyfourtimesthis4倍2）分数表示法于

1/33.词大多"我"、"你"、他"、"她"、"它""我"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称主格

Imeweusyouyoushethemitittheythemmyfriend.It's物主代词第一

itsouryourmineyoursitsyourstheirs

IOurschoolhere，andtheirsis指示代词表示"个、"这个"这""那些"等thatthese，those。Thatisidea.那示己、"你己"、"他自己"、"我们"、"你己"和"他们自"为"反身词"Shetalkingtoherself.她表示相互有otheranother两loveeachother.他们彼此有both，each，every等，以及含有any-，如anybody，no这些和由someany，no等和no只能Doyoua--你Yes，I--是的，我有Iknowofthem.疑问代词有which疑问引（主语从句：Tellmewho告关系代词有thatwhich，asHeismanwhomyouhavebeen3.1人代的法1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：waitedwhilebuteventuallyhopedthewouldbeMaryitwasarrived,to

2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口Iheratleast,Iit做宾语them做介词，her做a.Whobrokethevase?--谁b.----我。（做语，为和I。3.2人代之、格替1)a.not后，I--我喜欢英语。too.--我也喜欢wine?--再来点酒喝吗?--我可b.在表示比较的非正式的文体。但如果比较状语的tallerI/me.tallerI2)a.词but，后，有时b.在电IwishspeaktoMary.--我想和is--我就是玛丽词be或toIitshe.(主格---主)Iittoher.(----宾格)Itakenbe(----主格)Theytooktoher.(宾格----)3.3代的代题1）不定代词anybody，everybody，，everyonenoperson在式场用him代替came,he?谁也没来吗2）动物名词的指代一般it或they用he,

GivecatsomeSheis3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常3.4并人代的列序1)－>youitIheIshouldreturntime.2)－>－you－>a.在ItwasImadeangry.b.youtrytofinishit.d.3.5物代1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：cuthisaonhismine,yours--'s意ThecapJack's.Hiscaphis.2)a.作MayIyourpen?worksbetter.b.作宾Ilovemymotherlandasmuchlove作shouldIinmytheyours.

d.作主ThelifeIhaveyours.It'syours.It's我3.6双所格a,an,this,some,no,every,another,which等词一起前a,an,this,that+名词+ofafriendofeachbrotherof3.7反代1）列Iyoumyselfherselfhimselfitoneitselfoneself2）做宾语a.bathe,dry,hurt,introduce,behaveWeenjoyedourselvesverymuchlast我helpyourselftofish.请你b.用于词语takepridewith,oneselftoI(myself)time.getup,standwakeupdown.请坐。3）作oneself:Itoday.Thethingitselfnot

4）在，等介No(me)ishurt.a.反(错)Myselfthecar.(对)Imyselfdrovecar.b.但在nor个主是作

Charlesandmyself5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。Youshouldbeproudyourself.3.8相代1）相互代词只eachanotherItistotheofculturescopiedother.2）相a.作Peopleloveoneanother.b.可作frogscroakto

eachother，存在于两个以用one。putallthebooksputallthebooksanother.Usuallysmallgroupsof相加-'sThestudentsborrowedother'snotes.3.9指代1）指示/that）和复数/）两

：ThisismenmyisMary.are2)a.作Thisisthedoit.

b.Ithisbetter作Myisthis.d.Idon'ttothat.of()Thatteacher.那是作(对)goingto限定(错)goingtothis.（(对)I。(this)和可this和those可指人，(对)(对)whobeautiful.（those(错)whowell.(对)whodancedwell.（指）(对)which他（those指3.10疑问代词1）疑问人：whom,whose物：what2）疑问代词在句中应位没有性和数的变化除who。what,whose还：thesetheWhatwasthedirectionalflowU.expansion?arethe

WhateventstomostoftheofpartoftheUnitedStates?，which而则WhichdoyouWhatgirlsyoulikebest?Whomwho的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词who用whom,Who(m)didyouonthestreet?Who(m)areyoutakingthebookToyouspeakonthecampus?用who取domostandwork?Whatyoulookingfor?Ican'toutdrivingmewhoseisthebed?MuchofsayIagreewith,butIthewaywith关系代1）：girltowhomImycousin.跟whom词girl，又在从句中作介to

2）关系代宾格和属并有指在限定性that可指人也人指物

whowhichthatwhomwhoseofwhich/whoseofwhich/whoseThisisthewhosepointis)backthebookwhichheforgotten.which3）关词的saidwhich关系代that例I'veforgottentheLatinIonceknew.notman,1）不定代词有,both,either,neither,few,many,any及some,anything,someone,anybody,anyone,nothingnone,everybody,everyone.等。2）不a.everyno外。noIit.b.：all的复数Allwell.allthethewhole但alldaytheyear；但allhourcentury。

如allChina，thecity，life，theway3)都，指两a.both…可b.becanspeakJapanese?Wecan.4)a.neither作主b.作定norShesing，(can)he.neither与nord.用，而Ifyoudon'tdoit，neitherI.e.nor，不neither。，nornone,any,one,onesnone无1)none与ofof。在答，Aretherepicturesonthe2)noneItisnoneofbusiness.、一些，少few作主语时、一1)可与复数2)当做"某"（）Youwillbesorryday.Acertain(some)hasseenyoubreakthe用any。用于其他中

a.话b.在条Ifyou，letknow.位于分studentshaven'tbeend.，Iheardfromsomeofoldfriends、一1)any多，any可Herenovels.Youmayreadany.这有三本、one,为必和形some,any，而不ones。rulers?Yes，boughtsome.用anyone/anyone；no1和anyone仅指，既2noa)短而noone只独使b)none作主语谓语动词用单复数均one作ofyouliftit.callmeupjustnow?--刚吗?No--没31)every强调Everystudentworkshard.haveone2)every物个，指两(含两)。3)every。each可Everystudentto

boytotheboyshas4)every不，each5)everyeverytwoweeks等each6)every连和not连Everyhonest.nothonest.这thewhohelptheoneofstudentswho与the一与the动1)(两者都个neither(两者都)。以thetwoboysis2)both，both与复与单数Bothoftwoboysisclever.flowersofstreet.(岸)flowerseitherthe(边)3)all(所有的全部物)(任何一个)(都)以上词使用Allthearegone.Idon'tlikeofflowers.这些花我Ithe这些花我：all与用AllofAllthe

many,Many，much为"许多"，many，much+HowmanyattheHowmuchtimeleft?Manyoftheatthemeeting.Muchofthealittle(a)few词,(a)+不可数名a/为肯定含few/为few他few

Westilltimeleft.几乎题:Althoughhe'swealthy，onclothes.A.littleB.fewC.D.afewA.little本为although引导表配:onlyfew(=few)afew(=many)quitefew(=many)aManybookswereManyabook4.形词副4.1形容可将1)直hot热的2)叙以a开头：HeisanillThemanisill.

SheisanThegirlafraid.well，unwell，ill，faint，alike，，alone，asleep，3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是-thing为nice4.2以-结的容1）大加-ly构成friendly，deadly，lonely，likelylively，brotherly，仍：(错）lovely.Hetoveryfriendly.HerwasHetoaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-lydaily，weekly，，yearly，TheTimesisdailyTheTimesisdaily.4.2以-结的容1）大部-ly，deadlylovely，lonely，likelylively，brotherly，仍：(错）lovely.Hetoveryfriendly.HerwasHetoaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-lydaily，weekly，，yearly，TheTimesisdailyTheTimesisdaily.4.3用容表类和体

1谓语dead，thethe，the，blind，thehungryThepoorlosing2）有theBritish，English，the，theThewonderfulofhumor.4.4个容修名的序--数词--描绘-色---名词asmallroundatallbuildingaoldshirtaGermanschoolJapanesecar题:1）iscampingboys.A.twootherB.twolittleC.twoD.othertwo：由"限定词--描绘词-)--性--"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只C符2)Onetheythebehindthepalace.A.oldChineseChineseoldstoneoldstoneD.Chineseold源地+国家+名词。3)----HowyourrecentQingdao?Itwasvisitedfriends，andthe___daysattheA.fewB.lastfewC.fewD.fewsunnylastB。+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后+性状形容词

those+three+beautiful++square色籍料old+++table4.5副及基用1）在2）在动词、助动词之后。3）多a.Wecouldseeveryclearlyaheadofus.b.方式词，badly糟、等speaksEnglishwell.1）时2）方and或but3）多度点式词very可以修饰：(错)I(对)IEnglishverymuch.词要词放Idon'tknowhimenough.eat.foodeat.4.6兼两形的词

1)close与closely是"近"；意思是"仔细地sittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2)late与lately是晚"lately是"最近"Youcometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoing3)deep与意思是"深"，表示空；"深深地"sticktheEvendeeplybyfilm.4)与high表示空间高；highly表于TheplaneflyingIthinkhighlyofyouropinion.5)wide；widely意"地"，"方openedthedooriswidelytheworld.6)free是"；是"地"Youeatfreeinwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;like.4.7形词副的较1)尾-er，来成比比较级高的)taller-great(巨的)greatest的结尾nice(好的)nicernicestlarge(大)largest-le结尾的ablest加-r,-st的)biggerbiggesthot热的)hotterhottest

-er，"以辅音字y"easy(容的)easiest，busy(忙的)busierbusiesty为i-er，-est-er，-owclever(聪的)cleverer窄的)narrowest-er，important(重的important容易)

moreeasily2))/better的)bad)/worseill(有病)old(的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)most少的leastfar(远)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest4.8as形容词副原+1）在否定句或疑问句中可so/asasyou.2）当asas+形容词as+名词ThisisgoodanexampletheIcarryasmuchpaper3）用表示倍数的词或其他as的前面Thisroombigasthatroomthesameas

4)数数then+ofThisbridgeistimesaslongThisbridgeistimesthelengthofthatone.roomroomsizeof4.9比级容或词+YoutallerI.Theyyourroombrightasthose1）要避免重复使用比较级(错moreclevererthanhis(对morecleverthanhisbrother.(对thanhisbrother.2）要避免将主语含在比较(错anycountryinAsia.(对thanothercountriesinAsia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循ThepopulationofShanghaithanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertoplanthantoitout.4）要注意冠词的使用，后：WhichorWhichthelargerorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetalleroftwo可饰较的

1bit,arather,much,bymany,lot,lots,adeal,still,2）还可以用表示倍数的词3）以上词除题:1）Areyoufeeling____?Yes，I'mfinenow.A.anyB.betterbetterB.可修，quite修饰，well的比为better.2）A.moreC.moreC.此B，都但C3）Ifnoweshouldhaveatschool.A.thetimeB.amoreC.happiesttimeD.ahappiertimeD。many,old1)more+不可数名词more+可数名词复数2)old式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。，只Myisengineer.Maryisthethe3)far，，further.在英语中，，表Inothingtosay.the+最级+较围

1)thebiggestdesertinthe，副词最高级前词有"非常"。Itisamostimportantisaimportant使用最高()istheofbrothers.()istheof2)，bymuch,mostly,Thisis/almostthebiggest.a.veryThisistheThisismuchtheb.

thesecond3)isthemostintelligenthisismorethanotherstudentsinhisclass.4)"否定词语+比较级"，"否定词+as"结构表示Nothingeasyasthis.=Nothingisthis.=Thisiseasiest和关词…就越……Theharder，theyou'll2)morethanA说AlessABlazyslowhislessslowthanlazyathiswork.…与……，比…多Theofficialsnomorethanthe…与样nodiligentyou.4)morethanSheismoretous1）weatherinChinafrom____.

A.inAmericaB.C.America为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较CA。B和D，中one常用来代D。2theintroducedthetractorsinthebefore.A.astwiceB.asmanytwiceC.D.many为厂1988"。表示倍数"倍形+比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案CThisruleristimesas5.词1）表示2）根据Verb（LinkVerb）、助动词（AuxiliaryVerb（ModalVerb）。Wearehavingmeeting.（是实义动toNewYork.（has是3）动词Verb）、（Intransitivevt.和Shecansing.（在ShecansingmanyEnglish（4）FiniteVerb（Non-finiteVerbShewell.（sing的ShetoEnglishwell.to不语she的限制，名Gerund（5)

One-Word）、

（Verb）、动词短语）例如：Thelanguagecontainsmanyverbal（是Studentsshouldtolookupnewdictionaries.look是短Thetotakecareoftakeof6动分别是原Original第三（SingularFrominPersonal过去（Form（（Participle）。5.1系词LinkVerb作为系动fellillyesterday.（fell是系felloff。fell是实1）状态系动词有teacher.（与2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stand,keptsilentmeeting.Thisamystery.此事3）表像系动词示"看起来像"这一概有appear,look,lookstired.他看起来(tobe)verysad.他4）感官系动词有feel,smell,taste,Thisofclothverysoft.Thisflowersweet.

5）变化系动词become,grow,get,go,come,run.becamethat.自Shegrewatime.她6）终止系动词prove,trunout,表达"实，"变成"Therumorprovedfalse.这Thesearchdifficult.Hisplanturneda他turnout表终5.2什是动1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词Verb）。被协助的动词称（）他不喜欢（doesn't是助)2）助动a.got他已结婚b.表示senttoEngland.他Doyoulife?你Englishbeforeyoucamehere?d.与否词合Idon'tlikehim.我e.Dothetomorrowdidknowthat.3）最常：shall,will,should,would5.3助词be的用法1）be+现Theyarehavingameeting.isbecomingmore2)beThewindowwasbroken窗户istaughtthroughout

3）bea.togotoweek..Weareteach这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示Youthis.tototheofficethisafternoon.要他今天HowamItoanswertogo谁d.表示Wearemeetatatseventomorrowmorning.75.4助词have的用法1London.theendoflasttheyhalf2+beenIstudyingtenyears.3have+been+过去分词，构成完成式beenChinaformanyyears.5.5助词do用1）构成DoyouwantpasstheCET?你想2）+构成否定Idonottobeto他不InmanynotknowofEnglish.3)构成否定Don'tgothere.Don'tabsent-minded.不用do，不did和does。4）放在

Domy一定来参IdidIdo5）用于NeverdidIofthing.begindotheimportanceof有never,rarely,little,so,well。6）用作Doyou--你喜欢北京吗？I--是的，喜欢。（替Beijing.）knowshowcar,he?5.6助词shall和will用shall和willIshallstudyharder我willtoShanghai.他要去上，will只用于第will常用:他（willwill与动5.7助词should,would的法1should词义shall的ItelephonedhimtoaskIshouldnext"WhatII"我下周干什么"我问道。（可以shall变间接了should。2）是willsaid他说他要"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他："我要去那儿。"said

的willwould，go变了5.8短动（PhrasalVerb）。例如Turnoffthe（turnoff1）动：black2）动：look；3）动词：lookforwardto。（Particle）。5.9非语词谓语式:定式词(词包)1）不定式态\

2）动名词

totodonetohavebeendone态\

3）分词

doingdonebeendone态\

doingdonebeendonenot+不定式，+动not现6.动词6.1动名1）作主语brokebetweentheSouththeNorth.2）作宾语a.词doing作宾语+doing

承

激,avoid

consider认

delay喜欢

deny

prevent阻fancy想象risk

finish完成想象mind介训练回resentresume继续understand宽恕

忍受mindturningdownradioplease?luckyitmissedb.词组接doingto

usedtotooneselftosticklookforward为介词nonouse,It's…,

asas,can'thelp,It's/goodbetiredfondofofbeofproudofthinkof/aboutholdoffputoffkeep/goodatgiveout3）作表语

Herwashing，cleaningtakingcareofchildren.6.2的用法

worthy，为"得"。1.be+n.示"……值得…"worth"……某事值得被做"Thequestionnotworthdiscussingagainagain.2.worthyworthy+n.当示……值worthy"某事值做"Thequestionnotagain.3.worth-while：beworth-whiledosth"事"ItworthwhilesthItisworthwhiledoItistodiscussthequestionagainandagain.A.worthC.worth-whilewhileworth此句组tosth.因此选7.词定7.1不定1)词askcomedetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhesitatelongmeanofferpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertakeThefailedtoseeothercarinIhappentoknowanswertoyour2）动词；动词+宾ask,expecthate,helpintendlike,love,prefer,prepare,…Itidy.我喜Itidy.

Ispeakto

IyoutotoTom.

3）动词词toknow,forget,remember,show,see,wonder,howdothat.请ofonsaleIcan'tmywhich:疑Thequestionhowtoputitintopractice.7.2不式补1)词语式(do)allowconsiderenableforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinviteknowpersuadestatethinktraintrustunderstandwarna.willallowusplayontheb.Webelievehimbeguilty.的特to的。find后也有IhimtheIittolearn.ItolearnEnglishimportant.题:ThemorningshefoundtheA.B.lieC.layD.A.find)+be

consider,think,declare(声)fancy(),feelfind,judge,imagine,know,prove,解,以)understandWeconsidertobeoneofthestudentsinourclass.Charlesisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstA.toinventB.inventingtohaveD.：A.由todo排B、D.此句只说C发明为点C。3)+形容词bethought,known,bewish,want,plan,expect,Thetobeuninteresting.4)be+不believe,expect,intend,like,mean,prefer,wish,undrstandWedidn'ttosomanypeople：有些用如thinktake,WeTom我们Maryhimfather.7.3定主1）It'sme)dothat.我做这difficult,hard,important,possible,necessary,better;thethetootooIt'snicetoyourvoice.It'snecessaryforyoutothecarit.2)verykindoftohelpus.Kind,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,的),silly,selfish(自的:ItwasoftobelieveItseemedselfishofnottogiveanything.1)其他系动，look，2)不定式作3)当不定式用Itisto…的

(对)isto百(错)Itistoto7.4It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1）forsb.hard,difficult,impossible等It'sveryhardhim2）ofsbgood,kind,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceyouhelp与of用用for。You(用hard.(for)7.5不式表在be动词后Myworkistheroomday.Histobeadoctor.7.6不式定

Ialotofworkdo.hemadecandlesgivelight.7.7不式状1）目的状语to了),inorderto,soasto,asto…此astothefirstbus.他飞快地Icometosaygood-byeto我来仅仅2）作结果状语，表事先没WhathaveItoangry.searchedroomonly3)表I'mtoyou.Thelooksratherbutinitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitbeseatD.besatonB.如果不定当动词与介词连用时，于词式7.8用介的toto有式词名词/动名词,在下to+词/动名toconfess承认，accustomedtousedtosticktodevoteoneselfbedevotedforwardtoto注意7.9省to的词定式

1）情(to)：2）使let,3）感官动watch,at,notice,observe,listento,略to不Ihim=HewasseentoThebossmadeworkthewhole=Theymadeworkwholenight.4）wouldbetter：5）/…：6）help带to，也带(to)sth：7）和except：but前是动词to8）由和连个to可9）通在think,understandto(tobe)nice.movetoFranceandmarrydonothingout.todonothingbutout.anythingbuttothemedicine.1)----Iusuallytrain.Whybychange?A.togoingtryinggoC.togoD.going：why后面带to的选2）Paultomadeworkshard.A.B.C.learnedD.B.make接不to，to7.10动词定的定TelltoShenottoseeIpassedby.我走1）Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutB.toshutC.shutnot：Btelltodo的否为tellsbtodo2)She___Ipassedby.A.notseeB.tohavingA后应接不为pretendtodosth.。3）Mrs.Smithwarneddaughterdrinking.A.toB.toneverdriverC.drivingD.neverdrive

Awarnsbtosth.的否warnsbtodonever.4)tobicycleinthestreet，buthistoldhim____.A.nottoB.todoC.itto：Anotnottodoittodo后应此，不5)warned___foodtheoperation.A.toB.eatingnottonot一词要warnednot不式特句too…to…1）too…to太于toIhelp需吗Well,I'mafraidboxtooyoutocarrybutyouallthe2)too前否定too"不太"。It'snevertoolateto(谚语)3)当前面有very。I'monlytootobeabletohelpbuttootoget他非不式特句too1）too…to太于toIhelp需吗Well,I'mafraidboxtooyoutocarrybutyouallthe2)too前否定too"不太"。It'snevertoolateto(谚语)3)当前面有very。I'monlytootobeabletohelpbuttootoget他非不式特句soas

1）表soasnottotheaccidentsonottoloseastothebaby.2)---劳驾thetime?不式特句+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为"为不……?"Whytakeaholiday?假?不式时和态\语todotototohavedonetohavebeenbeendoing1)toknowIhopeseeyouagain.=II'llagain.2)I'msorrygiventoa3)toeating4)Sheisbeenwreakingtheproblemforyears.动词不式

1）动2）接3）动有11组：1todo2todoforget3todo4regrettododoing5do6trytodotrydoing7ondoon8afraiddoafraid9todointerested10meantodomeandoing11dobegin/startdoing8.特词讲8.1stopdoing/todotodoTheytosmokecigarette.Istopsmoking..

Shethetopthehillstoppedbigrockbythethepath.A.tohaveB.toD.C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停择todo停"仅仅doing8.2doing/to

todo忘记(未)(已)Theintheofficeforgottoturnitoff.。(没有)forgotturningthe(已作)Don'ttotomorrow.Thetheofficestillon.I

(to动作)A.itoffB.turnitofftoitoffD.turneditoffC。由isstillon可知todosth.8.3rememberdoing/todorememberto(做)remember(已做)togototheofficeafterschool.Don'trememberseeingthemanbefore?吗?8.4doing/totodo(做)对做(已做)Itohavedothis,InoIdon'ttellingI---Youtoobjectionsatthe---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobeD.Dregrethavingdonesth.regretdoD。8.5ceasedoing/todo

todo长时间，短hastoexistforever.Thegirlschattingformomentwhentheirby.8.6trydotodoYoutomoreItriedbutsucceed.8.7ondoing/todogotodo做了一件gohehistodoonthe8.8doing/to

afraidtodo"怕"；afraidof现的状doing为"怕"。ShewastostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenaShewastoherShewaswaking8.9dotodo对做对某种想doing通Ishallbeto(想了解)I'minSwitzerland.Doyouanyideathat?吗(一种法)doing/todomeantodomeandoing意味Imeantomyallowto.Toraisebegin(start)doing/to

/dosth/doing1)谈doing.Howoldplaying2)begin,用进式todoItogetangry3)在intend,begin,know,understand,这式toIunderstand4)物Itbeganmelt.感动+dowatch,observe,notice,lookhear,to,feel+do；Ihimthe。(强调了"这个实)Ihimworkingtheyesterday.（强调"活"这个1）knewherwell.upchildhood.A.growB.growingD.togrowA。因题用sb的句型。2）missingboywaslasttheriver.A.playingtobeplayD.to用seesb.doing9.分9.1分词作定Wethe我retiredworker.他是位退(iii如left；iii)agirlThisisthegiven.nothinginteresting.没Mosttheinvitedthewerescientists.Mosttheinvitedtopartywerefrom

1)textbookEnglishoutin16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.towrittenC.D.writtenD.用is2）____inGermany?A.B.C.bespokenD.to主语与谓spoken是动词speak的中作语spoken与language有动关is)9.2分作语AsIdidn'treceiveletterfromhim,Ihimacall.->Notreceivinganyfromhim,Ihimcall.Ifmoreattentionwas