2023学年完整公开课版WhatmaterialsandtoolsdoIneedtostudyalanguage

WhatmaterialsandtoolsdoIneedtostudyalanguage

Possiblythemostusefultoolsthereareforlearningalanguagearewritingimplements,suchaspensandpencils,andsomethingtowriteon,suchaspaperoranotebook.Youcanusethemnotonlytomakenotesandlistsofvocabulary,phrases,etc,butalsotopractisewritinginyourL2.

Therangeofothermaterialsandtoolsavailabletohelpyouwithyourlanguagestudiesishuge.Fromlanguagecoursesanddictionaries,tomp3playersandportabletranslators.Allofthemcanhelpyouindifferentways,andyourlanguagelearninggoalswilldetermine,tosomeextent,whichonesaremostusefultoyou.

Belowisaguidetothetypesofsomeofthelanguagelearningmaterialsandtoolscurrentlyavailable.

Languagecourses

Languagecoursescomeinavarietyofguises,including,,and.

Traditionalcourses

Thetraditionalonestendtoconsistoftextbookscontainingdialogues,exercises,notesongrammar,andmaybeculturalinformation.Accompanyingcassettes,CDsand/ormp3sareoftenavailable.

Mostsuchcoursesareintendedforcompletebeginnersorpeoplewithonlyminimalknowledgeofthelanguage.Intermediateandadvanced-levelcoursesareavailableforsomeofthemorepopularlanguages,suchasFrench,German,ItalianandSpanish.

Examplesofthistypeofcourseinclude:

-availablefor100languagesandincludeallaudiocourses,explorercoursesforthosewhojustwanttolearnthebasics,andin-depthcoursesformoreseriousstudents.

andcourses-thesearesimilarandareavailableforawiderangeoflanguages.Theyfocusonteachingyoueverydaylanguage,andintroduceyoutonewalphabetsorotherwritingsystemswhereappropriate.

Allaudiocourses

ThistypeofcourseusuallyconsistssolelyofcassettesorCDs,thoughsomemayalsoincludealimitedamountofprintedmaterial.Alldialogues,exercises,instructionsandexplanationsarerecordedandthefocusofthesecoursesisteachingyoutounderstandandspeakthelanguage.

Examplesofthistypeofcourseinclude:

Pimsleurlanguagecourses-thebest-knownaudiocourses.Theyareverygoodatteachingyouauthenticpronunciationandamanageableamountofvocabulary.Theyalsogiveyouagoodfeelforthelanguageyou'relearning.TheLevel1coursesaresuitableforcompletebeginners.Moreadvancedcoursesareavailableforsomelanguages.

Computer-aidedlearning

VariouslanguagecoursesareavailableonCD-ROMsandDVDs.Eachcourseisdifferentbuttheygenerallyincludedialogues,audio,exercisesandtests.Somealsoincludephrasebooks,dictionaries,videos,gamesandprovideonlineand/ortelephonesupport.

Examplesofthesecoursesinclude:

-includeCD-Romwithvocabularlyandgrammarexercises,aseriesofgradedstoriesandatalkingdictionary.Anaccompanyingbookletcontainsthetextofallthestories,andanaudioCDincludesthevocabularyandthestories.Availableforover40languages,includingBavarian,Breton,Cornish,Manx,Occitan,QuechuaandRomansh.

-arangeoflanguagecoursesformanydifferentlanguages.Theirsitealsoincludesusefulphrases,games,culturalinformation,articles,quizzesandproficiencytests.

TheBilingualizer

TheBilingualizehelpslanguagestudentsreadandenjoytextswrittenintheiroriginallanguage.Itadsadiscreteword-by-wordtranslationundertheoriginaltextforthecomfortofthestudent:agreathelptobuildupyourvocabularywhilereadingwhatyoulike!

Onlinecourses

Thereareonlinelanguagecoursesandlessonsforjustabouteverylanguageyoucanthinkof.Manyarefree,whileothersrequireaone-offpaymentoraregularsubscription.

Thereisconsiderablevariationinthequalityandquantityofthematerialavailableineachonlinecourse.Someofthefreecoursesareexcellent,whileothersareperhapssomewhatlackinginorganisationand/oraccuracy.

Dictionaries

Dictionariescomeinanumberofformatsincludingbilingual,monolingual,illustrated,electronicandonline.Bilingualdictionariesareperhapsthemostusefulonesforbeginnersandintermediatelearners,whilemonolingualdictionaries,whicharedesignedfornativespeakers,arealsousefulforadvancedlearners.

Pocketdictionariesaregoodforquickreferenceandeasytocarryaround.Largerdictionariesarebetterifyouwantmoredefinitions,examplesofusage,andinformationaboutpronunciation,grammarandpossiblyetymology.

Electronicdictionariesareavailableashandheldunits,orassoftware.Handheldonesareportable,easyandquicktosearch,andoftenprovideotherfunctions,suchas,text-to-speech,voicerecognitionandspeechsynthesisorganisers,addressbooks.Theytendtoberatherexpensivethough.Softwaredictionariesoffermanyofthesamefunctions,andcanbeusedoncomputers,PDAsandmobilephones.

Grammars

Grammarsareusefulreferencetoolsandprovidedetailedinformationaboutgrammarandusage.Someincludeexercisestohelpyoupractisethevariousaspectsofgrammar.SomelanguagelearnersliketoknowexactlyhowthegrammaroftheirL2worksandfindgrammarsveryuseful.Othersprefertoabsorbthegrammarthroughimmersionwithoutstudyingitformally.

Phrasebooks

Whenvisitingforeignparts,aphrasebookcancomeinveryhandy.Phrasebooksthatcomewithrecordingsofphrasesareparticularlyuseful,asworkingouthowtopronouncethemfromthewrittenpronunciationhintsisnoteasy.

Flashcards

Flashcardsareausefultoolforlearningvocabularyandgrammar,ifyoulookatthemregularly.IfoundthemparticularlyusefulwhenlearningChinesecharacters.Theymighthaveacharacter,word,phraseorsentenceononeside,andatranslation,definitionand/ornotesontheotherside.Youcanmakethemyourself,buyreadymadesetsofcards,oruseflashcardprogramssuchasAnki,MnemosyneandSupermemo.

Audiobooks

Listeningtoaudiobooksinalanguageyou'relearningisagreatwaytoimproveyourlisteningcomprehensionandvocabulary.Ifyoucanreadprintedversionsofthebooksatthesametime,evenbetter.YoucouldalsouseforeignaudiobookstolearnanewskillortolearnaboutasubjectthatinterestsyouthroughthemediumofyourL2.

Recordingdevices

Arecordingdeviceofsomekindisaveryusefultooltothelanguagelearner.Youcanuseittorecordconversations,radioprogrammes,songs,classesandlectures.Suchrecordingscanhelpyoutoimproveyourlisteningcomprehension.YoucanalsomakerecordingsofyourownattemptstospeakyourL2,analysisofwhichcanhelpyoutoimproveyourpronunciationandintonation.Theyalsoprovideasnapshotofyourspeakingabilities,whichyoucouldusealaterdatetoassesshowmuchprogressyou'vemade.

Recordingdevicescomeintheformoftaperecorders,mini-discrecorders,mp3playerswithvoicerecordingfacilities,anddictationmachines.Themostconvenientarethosewhichcanbeconnectedtoyourcomputersothatyoucantransfertherecordings,editthemand/orcopythemtoanotherdevice.

Somerecordersrequireanexternalmicrophone,anotherusefultoolforlanguagelearners,whileothershavebuilt-inmicrophones.Thequalityofrecordingsisgenerallybetterwithexternalmicrophones.

ItisalsopossibletomakerecordingsonyourcomputerusingsoftwaresuchasAudacity(seebelow),orsitessuchas.

Soundeditors

Onceyou'vemaderecordings,youmightneedtoedi