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第11讲阅读理解细节理解题(测)时间:45分钟满分:50分姓名__________得分________阅读理解(每题2分,共50分)A(2021·天津·高考真题)JobforYou!FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryFamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocandeliverhotChinesemealsonetotwo
timesaweekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburbanFairfieldCounty.Allapplicantsmusthaveadriver'slicenseandaccesstoacar.Gaswillbecoveredforeachdelivery.Workinghours:10a.m.to1p.m.TuesdaysandFridaysFormoreinformation,contactCharlesChenatcchen@Orcall740-6668988LancasterDesignWeprovidefullfurnishings,likedonatedkitchenequipmentandfurnitureitems,forthenewhomesofpeoplewhowereoncehomeless.
Weneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse(仓库)sortingandpackingitemstobedeliveredtofamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.Interested?SubmityourapplicationOrcall740-6119735LancasterWeeklyWouldyouliketheopportunitytoearnextracashclosetohome?Ifsowehaveavacancyinourteamwhichwouldsuityou.Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredtodeliverournewspaper.YoumayIhavetocoversomedistance.Bicyclesareavailableifneeded.Workinghours:8a.m.to10a.m.SaturdaysFormoreinformationCall740-6538360ParkviewNursingHomeCaregiversarewanted.Weseekpeoplewhoarepatientandcaring,andwhohave
experienceandinterestinworkingwitholderadults.Aspartofthepackage,initialandfollow-uptrainingsessionsareprovidedandaccommodationisavailableifrequired.Formoredetails,visitusatUnit3ParkViewLaneOrcontactEllenWhiteat740-69683991.Whichjobrequiresadriver'slicense?A.Deliveringmeals.B.Deliveringnewspapers.C.Workingatthewarehouse.D.Workingatthenursinghome.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheLancasterDesignjob?A.Applicantsareexpectedtodesignfurniture.B.Workisarrangedaccordingtoone'sskillset.C.Itinvolvescollectingfurniturefromhomes.D.Itfavorsapplicantswhoarehomeless.3.Amiddle-schoolstudentismostlikelytobehiredby.A.FamilyAllianceMealDeliveryB.LancasterDesignC.LancasterWeeklyD.ParkviewNursingHome4.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?A.740-6668988.B.740-6119735.C.740-6538360.D.740-6968399.B(2021·浙江·高考真题)Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities(机会)forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes(路线),withdaysofregular,
parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainlyworthtrying.5.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument. D.Toprovideexamples.6.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?A.Plainlaziness. B.Healthproblems.C.Lackoftime. D.Securityconcerns.7.Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork. B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy. D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.C(2021·浙江·高考真题)Morethan25yearsago,SarooBrierleylivedinrural(农村)India.Oneday,heplayedwithhisbrotheralongtheraillineandfellasleep.Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone,the4-year-olddecidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.Thattraintookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.Helivedonthestreets,andtheninanorphanage(孤儿院).There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.Ashewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn'thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn'tknowhistown'sname,findingasmallneighborhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram'ssatellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown'scentralbusinessdistrictfromabird's-eyeview.Hethought,
“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethethree-platformtrainstation”—andthereitwas."Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain"-andthereitwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.Whenhestoodinfrontofthehousewherehegrewupasachild,hesawaladystandingintheentrance."There'ssomethingaboutme,"hethought—andittookhimafewsecondsbuthefinallyrememberedwhatsheusedtolooklike.InaninterviewBrierleysays,"MymotherlookedsomuchshorterthanIremembered.Butshecameforthandwalkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow,itwaslikeanuclearfusion(核聚变).Ijustdidn'tknowwhattosay,becauseIneverthoughtseeingmymotherwouldevercometrue.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.”8.WhywasBrierleyseparatedfromhisfamilyabout25yearsago?A.Hegotonatrainbymistake.B.Hegotlostwhileplayinginthestreet.C.Hewastakenawaybyaforeigner.D.HewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamily.9.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps.D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.10.WhatdoesBrierleymainlytalkaboutintheinterview?A.Hisloveforhismother.B.Hisreunionwithhismother.C.Hislongwaybackhome.D.Hismemoryofhishometown.D(2012·四川·高考真题)Inarecentannouncement,HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearnersworldwide.Beginningthisfall,anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX.“AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronlinecourses,”HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.MIThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2,000classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecember,theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhocompletecertainonlinecourses.Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopen-sourceedXplatform.“Fastenyourseatbelts,”Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegie-Mellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.TheHarvard-MITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanot-for-profit(非盈利的)organizationbasedinCambridge,tobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.11.Accordingtothistext,edXis_______.A.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWareB.afreecomputerprogrambyMITandHarvardC.aHarvard-MITplatformoffreeonlinecoursesD.afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide12.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?A.Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.B.About2,000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.C.Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.D.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.13.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans“”.A.GetreadyforthedifficultiesB.GetreadyforthiseducationalchangeC.GetpreparedtocompletetheonlinecoursesD.GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses14.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?A.ItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.B.ItisanotherfreeMIT-Harvardonlinelearningprogram.C.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners’achievement.D.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.E(2014·湖北·高考真题)London’snewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖顶)•Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren’tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename:theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop,thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants,apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn’twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.Othercriticsdon’tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain,however,thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.15.London’snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof._____A.itscostB.itssizeC.itsshapeD.itsheight16.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto_____A.changeLondon’sskylineB.inheritLondon’straditionC.imitatetheEgyptianstyleD.attractpotentialvisitors17.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard_______.A.isonlypreferredbytherichB.isintendedforwealthypeopleC.isfarawayfromthepoorareaD.ispopularonlywithLondoners18.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShard:CheersandClapsB.TheShard:WorkofaGreatArchitectC.TheShard:NewSymbolofLondon?D.TheShard:AChangefortheBetter?F(2012·北京·高考真题)Decision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.19.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD.learnasubjectmoreeffectively20.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir______.A.waysofmakingchoices B.preferenceforpleasureC.toleranceofpunishments D.responsestosuggestions21.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______.A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdownC.womenfocusmoreonoutcomesD.menaremorelikelytotakerisksG(2013·陕西·高考真题)In1978,Iwas18andwasworkingasanurseinasmalltownabout270kmawayfromSydney,Australia.Iwaslookingforwardtohavingfivefaysofffromduty.Unfortunately,theonlyonetrainadaybacktomyhomeinSydneyhadalreadyleft.SoIthoughtI’dhitcharide(搭便车).Iwaitedbythesideofthehighwayforthreehoursbutnoonestoppedforme.Finally,amanwalkedoverandintroducedhimselfasGordon.Hesaidthatalthoughhecouldn’tgivemealift,Ishouldcomebacktohishouseforlunch.Henoticedmestandingf
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