电气安全相关培训讲义

ELECTRICALSAFETY电气安全

1Currentflowthroughthebody电流通过人体

Yourbodyactslikeaconductor.你的身体是一个导体

Mostcommonpathusuallyinvolvesheart&lungs.一般路线会经过心脏和肺2ElectricalInjuries电的伤害Therearefourmaintypesofelectricalinjuries:电伤害的主要类型：Direct直接的:Electrocutionordeathduetoelectricalshock电死或电击致死Electricalshock电击Burns电灼伤Indirect–Falls间接－坠落3

Theeffectsthatelectricshockwillhaveonanindividualwilldependuponthetypeofcircuit,itsvoltage,resistanceamperage,thepathwaythroughthebody,andthedurationofthecontact.Electricshockproducedbyalternatingcurrentsofpowerlinefrequency(normally50Hertz)passingfromhandtofootforonesecondcanproducethefollowingeffects:触电对人体产生的危害要视电路的类型，电压，电阻大小，(相同电流交流比直流危险,电压越高越危险,电阻越小越危险).电流流经人体的路线以及接触持续的时间而定(胸至手,手至脚最危险;手至手,背或臀至手比较危险;电流经过大脑时相当危险;脚至脚危险性较小)。由电源线（通常为50赫兹）的交流电从手流到脚1秒钟的触电会产生以下的后果：TheEffectsOfElectricalShock触电的结果40.7~1milliamp-(LADY-MEN)barelyperceptible.0.7~1毫安－刚能觉察到（手指麻刺）9-25milliamps-Interruptionofmuscularcontrol.9-25毫安－对肌肉的自控中断（手迅速麻痹，呼吸困难）milliamps-interruptionofheartfunction75毫安－心脏功能中断（心室开始颤动）amps-Immediatecardiacarrest4安培－心博立即停止TheEffectsOfElectricalShock触电的结果5Secondaryinjuriesarefrequentlyassociatedwithelectricalshock.Theseinjuriesarenormallyassociatedwithfallsorcollisionsrelatedtotheelectricalshockcausinginvoluntarymusclereactions.Obviously,inthecaseoffallstheresultcanalsobefatal.电还会经常引发二次伤害。这类伤害通常与因触电引起肌肉不自觉的反射而跌倒或碰撞相关。显然，如果跌倒的话，也会引起伤害甚至死亡。6内容综述：Today’stopicsinclude:雷电Lightning电动工具electricalHandTools配线及插座Wring&ExtensionCords接地/接零电流保护EarthLeakageProtection临时用电设施ElectricalTemporaryFacilities系统挂牌、加锁lockout/Tagout其它要求Additionrequirement7雷电LIGHTNING

8Lightningclassification直击雷

Directclashlightning静电感应雷

Staticinductionlightning电磁感应雷

Magneticinductionlightning雷击分类9Lightning’scharacteristics完全不可预测Totallyunpredictable极高的能量Highenergy雷电的危害Lightning’sharm人身伤亡

Humaninjuries电力中断、设备及建筑物损坏Poweroutage&equipment,buildingsdamage火灾及爆炸

Fires&explosions雷电的特性10Rulesofthumbs–estimatingthedistancebetweenyouandalightningflash看见闪电电和听到到雷声之之间的时时间/你你和雷电电之间的的距离SecondsBetweenSeeingLightningandHearingtheThunder/5=Distance(miles)记住：雷雷电可以以击中10英里里外的物物体Remember:Itcanstrikeasfaras10milesfromthestormcloud.1英里=1.609千米米经验———估计你你和雷电电之间的的距离11告诉你的的上级和和你的同同事Tellyoursupervisorandyourco-workers.主管必须须采取所所有必要要的预防防措施保保护工人人Thesupervisormusttakeallprecautionsnecessarytoprotecttheworkers.把有关防防雷的紧紧急程序序纳入工工作计划划的一部部分Prepareanemergencyprocedureaspartofthejobplan.当看到闪闪电或听听到雷声声时，你你应该Do’swhenyouseethelightningorhearthethunder12进入屋内，，或车内Getindoors,orinsideacar.远离门窗，，避免与任任何金属物物接触Stayawayfromwindowsanddoors,avoidcontactwithanyconductors.避免使用电电话，除非非是无绳电电话或移动动电话Avoidusingthetelephoneunlessitisacordlessorcellularphone.当雷电来临临时，保护护你自己Whenlightningcomes,protectyourself13卸除你的工工具带，手手中不要拿拿任何东西西Removeyourtoolbeltanddon’tholdanyobjectsinyourhands.远离树木和和水Stayawayfromtreesandwater.蹲下并使双双脚尽量靠靠紧.Putyourfeetasclosetogetheraspossibleandcrouchdown.除了脚以外外，不要让让你身体的的任何部分分接触到大大地Donotletanypartofyourbodyotherthanyourfeetcontacttheground如果你没法法进入屋内内Ifyoucannotgetindoors14手持电动工工具ELECTRICALPOWEREDHANDTOOLS15确定你已接接受足够的的可以安全全使用工具具的训练Ensurethatyouhavebeenproperlytrainedtousethetoolsafely.保证工具的的完善(外壳,手手柄,负荷荷线,插头头,开关等等)Ensurethetool’sintegrity.使用合理的的插头Ensureelectricalcords,connectionsandplugsareproper.在使用手持持电动工具具前应做些些什么?Whatshouldyoudobeforeusingpoweredhandtools?16每次使用前Priortoeachuse.检查其外表是是否有裂纹或或其他损伤Checktheoutsideforcracksorotherdamages.检查导线是否否损坏，检查查插头是否有有裂纹或插针针错误Inspectthecordsfordefects.Inspecttheplugforcracksandforfaultyprongs.Note:Portableelectricalequipmentshouldnotbepickeduporcarriedbyitspowercord.手提式电气设设备的电源线线不能作提起起或搬运用。。何时/如何检检查电动工具具?Whenandhowshouldyouinspectpoweredhandtools?17马上换掉———不要“使用用”Replaceitimmediately–labelthetoolwith““donotuse”清楚的标示示Markitclearly.工具必须交交给合格的的人员修理理Havetoolsrepairedbyaqualifiedperson.当发现工具具损坏时如如何处理？？Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindatooldefective?18当有连续的的火花产生生或导线过过热时应立立即检查Checkimmediatelyifthecordfeelsmorethancomfortablywarmoratoolissparkingexcessively.在调整和更更换附件时时应断开电电源Disconnectthepowersupplybeforemakingadjustmentsorchangingaccessories.使用时，导导线远离工工具，只能能用经批准准的合格插插座Duringuse,keeppowercordsclearoftools.Usetheapprovedextensioncordsonly.使用手持电电动工具时时Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools19将工具存放放于干燥，，安全的地地方Storetoolsinadry,securelocation.不要采用拔拔扯电源线线的方法断断开电源Donotdisconnectthepowersupplybypullingorjerkingthecord.在潮湿环境境使用时应应小心，保保持手的干干燥Takecarewhenuseelectrictoolsinwetconditions.Keepyourhandsdry.X使用手持电电动工具时时Whenyouusethepoweredhandtools20当使用插座座提供临时时电源线时时Whenyouusetheextensioncords插座只可用用于提供临临时电源Extensioncordsmayonlybeusedtoprovidetemporarypower.每次使用前前检查Inspectthembeforeanyuse.插座电源线线必须为三三芯或五芯芯Extensioncordsmustbeofthethree-wireorfive-wiretypes.现场制作的的插座电源源线须由合合格人员完完成Job-madeextensioncordsmayonlybebuiltbyqualifiedpersons.必须使用接接地保护短短路器Ground-faultcircuitinterruptermustbeused.使用时避免免损坏Preventdamagewhenyouusethem.21ToolSafetyTips电动工具使使用小知识识Useglovesandappropriatefootwear使用手套和和适当的鞋鞋Storeindryplacewhennotusing当不用时存存储在干燥燥的地方Don’tuseinwet/dampconditions不要在潮湿湿环境里使使用Keepworkingareaswelllit作业区域有有足够的照照明Ensurenotatrippinghazard确保没有绊绊倒危险Don’tcarryatoolbythecord不要搬动被被束缚的工工具Don’tyankthecordtodisconnectit拆除连接时时不要拽电电源线Keepcordsawayfromheat,oil,&sharpedges避免电线接接触热，油油和锋利的的边缘Disconnectwhennotinuseandwhenchangingaccessoriessuchasblades&bits不用时或更更换附件如如刀片时拆拆除连接Removedamagedtoolsfromuse禁止使用损损坏的工具具22接地故障断断路器GroundFaultCircuitInterrupter23Grounding接地/接零Groundingcreatesalow-resistancepathfromatooltotheearthtodisperseunwantedcurrent.接地在工具具和地面之之间形成低低阻路径，，分散不需需要的电流流Whenashortorlightningoccurs,energyflowstotheground,protectingyoufromelectricalshock,injuryanddeath.发生短路或闪电电时，能量流入入地面，避免人人触电/受伤/死亡。2425人员安全Safetyofpersonnel.配电回路的安全全Safetyofpowerdistributioncircuit.减少短路造成的的事故Minimizestheaccidentcausedbyelectricalfaults.接地故障断路器器保护的目的PurposesofGroundFaultCircuitInterrupter26接地故障断路器器保护应用于TN-S接零系统TheGroundFaultCircuitInterruptershouldonlybeusedinTN-Ssystem.保证上下极动作作的选择性Ensuretheselectivecharacteristics.保证接接线的的正确确性Ensurethecorrectwiringmethod.保证选选择正正确的的规格格Ensuretherightchoiceofrating.注意Attention:27临时用用电设设施TEMPORARYELECTRICALFACILITIES28承包商商应遵遵守当当地政政府部部门颁颁发的的所有有相关关规定定。例例如：：《施施工现现场临临时用用电安安全技技术规规范》》JGJ46-2005Contractorswillcomplywithallrelevantrulesasissuedbylocalauthorities,suchas“SiteSafetyTechnicalSpecificationsforTemporaryPowerSupply”JGJ46-2005建筑施工现场采访访临时用电工程中中性点直接接地的的三相四线低压电电力系统,必须符合下列规定定:采用三级配电系统统采用TN-S接零保护系统采用二级漏电保护护系统总体要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:29施工现场临时用电电设备在5台及以上或设备总总容量在50KW及以上者,应编制用电组织设设计.所有从事电气工作作的人员，包括临临时供电或接线作作业的人员应具备备当地政府部门颁颁发的有效的电工工操作证书。AllpersonsengagedinelectricalworkinvolvingatemporarypowersupplyorassociatedwiringshallpossessavalidElectriciansCertificateissuedbythelocalauthority.总体要求Generalrequestforthepowersupply:30AllTemporaryPowerSupplyequipment,facilitiesandwiringshallbeselectedasperthevoltagelevelofthesuppliedelectricalpower.AllassociatedelectricalcomponentsshallsatisfytherequirementsasindicatedinassociatedNationalSpecificationsandStandards.Threephasesandfive-wiresystemshallbeusedforlowvoltagetemporarypowersupply.所有临时用电设备备，设施和线路必必须按供电电压正正确选用，所有有有关的电气元器件件必须满足相关的的国家规范和标准准要求，临时用电电电源和有关的线线路必须严格遵守守电气施工和安装装规范。低压临时时用电设施采用三三相五线制31Alltemporarypower(Allportabletoolsdrivenbyelectrical)facilitiesshallhavesuitableleakageandgroundingprotectionandbeoperatedinamodeof““Onetool,oneswitch””.Theratingoftheelectriccurrentoftheleakageprotection/groundingdeviceshallnotgreaterthan30mAandtheactiontimemustbelessthan0.1s.Bypassingfusesorusingordinarywireinsteadoffusewireisstrictlyforbidden。所有的临临时用电电设施(包括便携携式电动动工具)应有合适适的漏电电保护器器和接地地保护。。并且实实行“一闸一机机一保护护”,开关箱漏漏电保护护器动作作电流应应不超过过30毫安，且且反应时时间应小小于0.1秒。严禁禁用普通通电线代代替保险险丝.32电箱设置置一般以三三级配电电,即总总配电箱箱,分配配电箱,开关箱箱.分开关箱箱与开关关箱距离离不得超超过30m,开关箱与与用电设设备不宜宜超过3m,配电箱应应装设在在干燥,通风的的常温场场所.箱体应采采用冷轧轧钢板或或阻燃绝绝缘材料料制作,固定式式下底与与地1.4m~1.6m,移动式的的0.8m~1.6m,一般固定定式电箱箱要重复复接地,电箱必必须防雨雨,防潮潮,防尘尘.33PowerDistributionBoxmustbeweatherproofed34临时电源源箱的低低压出线线及其它它临时用用电线路路，应采采用绝缘缘良好的的橡皮软软导线；；在地下下敷设时时，每隔20米清晰的的标记所所有地下下电缆的的走向。。如架空空敷设时时，可选选用绝缘缘导线，，严禁采采用裸线线。电缆缆不能直直接敷设设在地上上，保证证电缆不不直接接接触地面面。Lowvoltageoutgoingcablefromtemporarypowersupplysubstationandothertemporarypowersupplywiringshallbeofsoftrubbertypewithsoundinsulation.Whenitisnecessarytobelaidonorunderground,rubbersleevecableshallbeused.Allundergroundcablesshallbeclearlymarkedwithredandwhiteconcretemarkersatthesurfaceatintervalsof20m.Whenitistobelaidoverhead,insulationcableshallbeselected,bareleadisstrictlyforbidden.Cablesshallnotbelaiddirectlyonthegroundbutshallbesupportedbypoleswithsufficientspacingtoensurecabledoesnottouchtheground.电缆线要要求35Temporarypowercable,whencablescrossingaroadmustbeguardedbyinstallingasteelprotectionsleeve.Protectionmeasuresshallbetakeninplaceswhereembeddedcablescouldbesubjecttomechanicaldamage.临时用电电线路穿穿过马路路的电缆缆应安装装金属保保护套管管。埋地地电缆在在可能受受到机械械损伤的区区域应采采取保护护措施Alltemporarypowersupplycablesandwiringmusthavesoundinsulation,propersplicesandbereliablyconnected,andshallnotbelaidinplaceswheretheycouldsustaindamageorcreateahazardouscondition.i.e.tooclosetosteampipeline.所有临时时用电电电缆和配配线要有有可靠的的绝缘，，正确的的接线，，可靠的的连接，，并且不不得敷设设在可能能遭到伤伤害或产产生危险险的地方方，例如如太靠近近蒸气管管线电缆线线要求求36电缆需需有过过路保保护Noproperprotectionforpowercablecrosstheroadsurface37Cablecrossroadprotection√Touseappropriatecablecoverageacrosstheroad38电箱内内电器器应当当具有有电源源隔离离,短路,过载及及漏电电保护护功能能Ifacircuitisopenedbythetrippingofaprotectivedevicesuchasafuse,circuitbreaker,donotresetthecircuituntilyouhaveidentifiedandresolvedtheproblem.Insomecases,itmaybenecessaryfora““Qualified””persontoinvestigateandcorrectthesituation.Protectivedevicesinacircuitarethereforapurposeandarenottobedefeated,modified,orbypassedeventemporarily.若电熔熔丝熔熔断、、断路路器等等保护护装置置的跳跳闸而而断开开时，，在找找出原原因和和解决决故障障之前前，不不要重重新接接通电电路。。有时时，可可能需需要请请专业业人员员到现现场寻寻找原原因并并解决决问题题。电电路中中的保保护装装置在在电路路中都都是有有它的的用途途，不不能随随意修修改或或被短短接，，即使使临时时这样样做也也不行行。电箱内内电器器要求求39AllTemporaryPowerSupplyandDistributionpanelsandcabinetsonsiteshallbeproperlynumberedandequippedwithrainprotection.Thedoorsofalltemporarypowersupplycabinetsandpanelsshallbefirmlyclosedandallincome/outcomecableoftemporarypowersupplycabinetshallbecorrectlyandneatlylaidout。现场上上所有有临时时用电电设施施、配配电盘盘和配配电柜柜应正正确编编号并并配备备防雨雨保护护设施施。所所有临临时用用电配配电柜柜和配配电盘盘的门门应关关闭好好，所所有临临时配配电盘盘/柜的进进线/出线应应正确确地和和整洁洁地敷敷设。。Thevoltageofanyportablelampshallnotexceed36V.Whileworkinginextraordinarydampandwetworkenvironmentsorinsidemetalequipmentsuchasprocessvessels,containerortanks,thevoltageofthetemporaryportablelampshallnotexceed12V.任何一一个手手提灯灯的电电压不不应超超出36V。当在特别潮湿湿的环境或在在金属设备如如工艺塔、容容器、集装箱箱或罐内工作作时，临时手手提灯的电压压不应超过12V电箱内电器要要求40一个重要原则则是：尽可能能减小被损害害的可能Oneofthemostimportantprincipleis:minimizetheriskofdamageaspracticalaspossible.临时电缆Temporarycabling41与项目其他永久久电缆及设施之之间至少2米净净距Aminimum2mseparationwithanypermanentprojectcablingorotherservices.高压电缆埋深：：-0.8米；；低压电缆埋深深：-0.7米ForHVcablesdepth:-0.8mminimum;LVcables:-0.７mminimum.所有电缆宜沿途途采用标记Allthecablesshouldbeproperlymarkedalongtherouting.地下电缆UndergroundCable42如果不可避免，，电缆与道路的的净距为：Ifitisunavoidable,thecleanheightabovetheroadandroutecrossingsare:当道路过车时，，6.0米6.0m,wheretheroadsandroutesaredesignatedforusebyvehiculartraffic.当道路路禁止止车辆辆通行行时，，3.5米米地上电电缆应应采取取措施施固定定，并并尽可可能避避开人人行道道、扶扶梯、、楼梯梯等Abovegroundcablesshallbefixedonsite,andbeinstalledclearofpassageways,ladders,stairetc.wherepossible.地上电电缆AboveGroundCable43地上电电缆应应缠绕绕黄/黑色色胶带带Abovegroundcablesshallbelabeledwithyellow/blackcoloredtapes.与管道道设施施保持持最少少150厘厘米的的间距距Keepdistancewithpipedservices,ataminimumof150mm.经常移移动的的电缆缆应采采用重重型氯氯丁橡橡胶电电缆或或类似似功能能电缆缆Frequentlymovedcablesshallbeflexibleheavy-dutyneoprenerubbertypeorequivalent.地上电电缆AboveGroundCable44低压接接地系系统采采用TN-S保护系统.LVsuppliesearthingsystemshallbearrangedasTN-S.接地网电阻阻不应大于于4欧姆。。接地线应应为标准铜铜导体黄绿绿色PVC绝缘，应选选用合适规规格。Theresistanceofearthinggridshallnotexceed4.Earthwiresshallbeofthestandardcopperconductorwithgreen/yellowPVCsheathing,andproperlysized.接地/接零零保护45Transformersubstations所有户外型型变电所均均应满足户户外使用要要求Allthesubstationsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.变压器连接接组别应为为三角形-星形连接接，低压中中性点应直直接接地Transformersshallbeconnecteddelta-starandtheLVneutralpointshallbesolidlyearthed.使用紧凑型型变电所时时，保证其其置于水泥泥柱基础上上并围以带带锁的围栏栏Whenusethepackagedsubstations,makesuretheyaremountedonconcreteplinthswithafencedenclosurewithpadlockablegates.使用角杆保保护变电所所不受车辆辆影响，其其与路边的的距离宜大大于5米Thecornerpostsshallprotectthesubstationequipmentfromvehicleimpact.Anditshouldbelocatedatleast5mclearfromtheedgeofanyroad.变电所46Distributionboards(LV)所有户外用用配电柜均均应满足户户外使用要要求Allthedistributionboardsusedoutdoorshallmeettheoutdooruserequirements.回路应采用用熔断器或或塑壳短路路器保护，，最大不超超过355安TheoutgoingcircuitsshallbeprotectedbyfusesorMCCBshavingamaximumratingof355A.分配电盘Forthesub-distributionboard应有进线开开关Oneincomingswitchshallbeprovidedwith.所有配出回回路均应采采用短路及及漏电电流流保护。最最大不超过过125安安Eachoutgoingfeedershallbeprovidedwithshortcircuitandresidualcurrentprotection.Maximumoutgoingfeederratingshallbe125A.配电盘（低低压）47系统挂牌、、上锁SystemLockout/Tagout48系统挂牌、、加锁可保保护人员、、设备在项项目建设及及起动过程程中不受危危险能源的的危害，并并为停用的的系统设备备及系统提提供信息Safetytagsandlockoutswillhelptoprotectpersonnelandequipmentformhazardousenergysourcesduringtheconstructionandstartupphaseoftheproject,andalsoprovideadescriptionoftheequipmentcomponentsandsystemsthatareoutofservice.目的Purpose49Twotypesoftags危险——不不得操作/移除挂挂牌Danger-DoNotOperate/RemoveTag禁止人员操操作、通电电、或加压压设备及电电气回路prohibitingpersonnelformoperating,energizing,orpressurizingequipmentandelectricalcircuits.两种挂牌形形式50注意——限限制操作挂挂牌Caution––RestrictedOperationTag控制人员操操作、通电电或加压于于设备或电电路的方法法。controllingthemethodspersonnelmayusetooperate,energizeorpressurizeequipmentandelectricalcircuits.51ElectricalLock-Out电的锁定的的要求Intheeventanelectricalsystemisrequiredtobelocked-out,theSupervisoroftheEmployeerequestingthelock-outmustcontacttheappropriateProjectorUnitpersonnel.QualifiedProjectorUnitpersonnelwillassistwithisolationoftheelectricalsystemsneededtoisolatetheelectricalenergysourceby:在电系统要要求锁定的的情况下，，主管人员员要求锁定定必须与项项目或者单单位人员进进行适当的的沟通，项项目或单位位有资格的的人员将帮帮助隔离电电源：Placingalock-outdeviceontheappropriateisolatingdevice.放一个锁定定装置在适适当的隔离离装置上。。Placingacompletedtagoneachlock-outdevicehe/sheplaced.在放锁定装装置上放一一个有效的的标签52Tryingtooperateequipmentormachinerylocked-outtoassureisolation.试着操作设设备或机械械确保隔离离有效Removelock-outdevicesandtagslast,afterallworkandotherlock-outdevicesandtagshavebeenremoved.在所有工作作完成并且且其它的锁锁定和标签签已取消后后取消锁定定和标签。。EachSupervisoroftheanydepartmentworkingwiththeelectricallock-outmustensurethelock-outofthesystembytestingstartbuttonsorswitches.每个工作要要在电锁定定部门的主主管要确保保锁定系统统经过起动动试验或开开关试验。。ElectricalLock-Out电的锁定的的要求53ELECTRICALLOCKOUT电气开关锁锁定54注意Requirements加锁是好好方法Locksarepreferredmeans.在正确位位置挂牌牌Usethetaginrightplace.两种挂牌牌不可用用于同一一设备Thetwotypesoftagsshallnotbehungonthesamecomponent.决不可操操作危险险挂牌的的设备。。NoonemayoperateacomponentwiththeDangerTag.ELECTRICALLOCKOUT电气开关锁定定55其它要求及常常见问题AdditionalRequirementandCommonIssue56对带电设备进进行操作前，，摘下首饰（（如指环、项项链、手表、、手链等）。。细察看看潜在在的危危险：：如潮潮湿的的地板板、不不接地地的扩扩展电电源线线、磨磨损的的电源源线;将紧急急开关关放在在工作作间，，以便便事故故发生生时，，迅速速切断断电源源；如如果有有潜在在的危危险，，请不不要单单独工工作；；进进行行检查查前，，务必必请断断开电电源；；如如果果事故故发生生，关关掉系系统电电源；；报警警；判判断是是否受受害者者需要要进行行人工工呼吸吸，及时寻寻求医医疗帮帮助。。设备只只允许许经培培训合合格的的人员员操作作和维维护；；系系统统上电电前，，请认认真阅阅读安安装指指南。。带电作作业57keepingaprescribedsafedistance(Attachtable)fromexposedenergizedlines,avoidingtheunsafeuseofelectricalequipment,andfollowinglockout/Tag-outprocedures.离开暴露的带电线线路保持规定的安安全距离(附表)，避免使用不安全全电气设备，遵守守上锁或掛牌程序序58Attachment附表1.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforcranetopowerlineatfollow:起重机与架空导线线低端的最小安全全距离导线电压等级(KV)<1以内1035110220330500垂直方向(m)1.53.04.05.06.07.08.5水平方向(m)1.52.03.54.06.07.08.52.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceoperatepersonstonakedpowerlineatfollow:操作人员与带电体体的最小安全距离离设备电压等级(KV)10以内20~354460~110154220最小安全距离(m)1.5233.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforweldingtonakedpowerlineatfollow:电气焊作业与带电电体的最小安全距距离设备电压等级(KV)110以内10以上最小安全距离(m)11.534.Theminimumsafeapproachdistanceforoperatepersonsonpoleortowertonakedpowerlineatfollow:在带电线路的杆,塔上作业与带电体体的最小安全距离离导线电压等级(KV)10以内20~354460~110154220最小安全距离(m)0.711.21.52359Electricityhastheabilitytoarc,orjumpfromunguardedpowerlinestoanindividualincloseproximitytotheline.Quiteafewpeoplehavebeenkilledorinjuredwhilecarryingapieceofconductiveequipment,suchasaladder,inanelevatedpositionorbybeingincontactwithavehiclethatcomeswithinarcingrangeofanoverheadpowerline.电可产生电弧弧，能从未做做防护的电源源线跳到附近近的人身上。。所以有人在在高处扛着一一个导电的设设备（如梯子子）走的时候候，或接触触了处于架空空电源线电弧弧范围内的车车辆，触到电电源线的电弧弧而死亡或受受伤。60DuringHighpotentialinspectionsonelectricequipment,theareaaroundshouldbeclearandbarricadewithredropes,notauthorizedpersoncannotenter.电气设备作耐压试验时应保持设备周围有安安全空间，人員不可进入，并围上警示帶，避避免人员误入。Before,duringandafterDCHighVoltageinspection,workershouldusesuitableelectrographicpenciltotouchtheelectrifiedportionwheretheelectriccanbetouchedbygrounding.直流耐压实验验时不论测试前后,人員接触帶电部份时均应先以验电笔验电，以免人员触电.Shouldassignapersontowatchandkeepotherpeopleasafedistanceaway.需有人員警戒戒避免人員誤誤接触造成触电。61BeforeEnergization,Visuallycheckandmakesuretheconnectionandrelayapparatusareingoodconditionandwithoutanyotherequipmentoncircuit.电气设备送电电前以人工目视检查各輸配电设备內有无异物，各接点连接是否正常,继电保护設定是否正确.Anybodyshallbeinformedofemergencyalwayshappening.Whenoperatetheswitchbreakersnostandingoppositethebreakersisallowed.告知每一位参与者，再好的設备都可能发生故事，操作作开关应避开正面位置，而以斜角或或側面方式操作.62Informalltherelativedepartmentswithofficialnoticesenergizingareasshallbeclearlyshownonthedrawingsandgoodwarningsignssuchasunderenergizationshallbeavailableintheworkingarea.以正式文件通通知相关单位人员送电危险区域及电压等級，並於明明显处张贴平面图标示已送电区域，所有送电开关盘面应加掛标示「送电中危险」。Anyisolationworkforthepowersupplyswitchesshallbesignedwithwarningboardsandlocked.Powersupplyshallbetterbeoff.任何隔离工作必須参考单线图所示，隔离所有开关，并加掛告示牌及及上锁，最好上一层电源切断。63Hazard–ExposedElectricalParts危害-电器元元件的曝露Coverremovedfromwiringorbreakerbox电盒盖被移走走64IsolateElectricalParts-Cabinets,Boxes&Fittings隔离电器元件件-电柜,电电箱或及装置置Conductorsgoingintothemmustbeprotected,andunusedopeningsmustbeclosed导体穿过必须须有保护,并并且不用的开开口应密封65Hazard–OverloadedCircuits电路过载过载会引起着着火66SiteElectricityFacilitiesinBTESCaojing拜耳漕泾现现场的电设设施67SiteSubstation现场变电站站68697071TDI项目配电箱箱要求1.外装插座必必须防水,三相380V插座一箱只只允许装一一个,单相220V允许装2个.2.中心点离地地不小于0.8米.3.总电箱及分分配电箱必必须挂明锁锁并锁住.4.电箱有标识识,包括单位名名称,电工姓名,电话及警示示标志.5.月检标签.6.地拖及拖线线盘严禁使使用.72总配电箱73分配电箱74开关箱外部部要求75电箱的日检查76现场用电设备安安全77焊接机械:电焊机械应放置置在防雨,干燥和通风良好好的地方,现场不得有易燃燃易爆物品.交流弧焊机变压压器的一次侧电电源线长度不应应大于5米,其电源进线处必必须设置防护罩罩.发电机式直流电焊焊机的换向器应经经常检查和维护,应消除可能产生的的异常电火花.电焊机械开关箱中中的漏电保护器必必须符合要求,交流电焊机械应配配装防二次侧触电电保护器.电焊机机械的二次次线应采用防火橡橡皮护套铜芯软电电缆,电缆长度不应大于于30m,不得采用金属构件件或结构钢筋代替替二次线的地线；；使用电焊机械焊接接时必须穿戴防护护用品．严禁露天天冒雨从事电焊作作业．现场电气设备-焊机使用安全78地面抹