高考任务型阅读专题及答案

一、高中英语任务型阅读1．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LittleHabitsMakeaBigDifferenceEverythingaroundusischangingatamazingspeed,itseems-butsomethingswillalwaysremainthesame.Someofourdailyhabitshavethepowertoalwaysgiveushappinessandleadustowardsuccess.Herearesomelittlehabitsthatcanmakeabigdifference:Manystudieshavelinkedearlyrisingwithsuccess.Anearlymorningwake-upcarriesbenefitsincludingbetterplanningandanticipation(预料)ofproblems,andmoretimetodothethingsthatmakeyouhappy.Happinesscomestothosewhoarecurious.Aslongasyoulive,therewillalwaysbesomethingtolearn,andaslongasyoufollowyourheartandyourpassions,youwon'tmissoutonlearning.Believeinyourselfandallthatyourare.Confidenceisthekeytosuccess-thethingthatletsyoulookatthepastwithoutregret,staygroundedinthepresent,andprepareforthefuturewithoutfear.Adaywellspentgetsyouagoodnightsleep.Enoughsleepmakesyoufeelhealthierandhappier,andit'smorethanliftingupyourmoodorremovingexhaustion.Adequatesleepisakeypartofyourhealthandinnerhappiness.Itdoesn'ttakeahugeefforttomakeasignificantchangeinyourlife－usingoneortwotinyhabitsmaybeallyouneed.Getstartedtodayandyou'llsoonbeexperiencingtherewards.That'swhyhabitsaresopowerful.Thegroundworkofallhappinessisgoodhealth.Earlytorisemakesyouhealthy,wealthy,andwise.Thehabitofrespectmeanstreatingeveryonewithkindness.Nothingwillevermakeyouhappierthanhavingfaithinyourself.Whenyourestbetter,youcanlivebetterandachievemorehappiness.Thereisnostageinlifewhenwecan'tbelearningsomethingvaluable.【答案】A；C；G；E；F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影响。(1)根据上文可知，虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快，但是有些事情总是不变，这就是习惯的力量，故选A。根据下文可知，本段介绍的是早起的好处，早起经常与成功联系在一起，所以作为本段的标题，这里也应该说早起的好处，故选Co根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是人只要活着，总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心，好学习的人总会感到幸福。因此G选项“人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西”符合题意，故选G。（4）根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E选项中的havefaithinyourself正是此意，故选E。（5）根据上文可知，本段讲述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，才会感到更加幸福，故选F。【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。2．任务型阅读ObservationalLearning:ToSeeIstoKnowAgroupofpsychologists,ledbyAlbertBandura,developedsociallearningtheory,whichemphasizesthefactthatmuchlearningoccursinasocialcontext.Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorintheirfamiliesandcultures.Bywatchingothers,welearnhowtogreetpeople,eat,laughandtelljokes.Doyoustillrememberyourfirstfewdaysinseniorgradeone?Bywatchingothers,youlearnedhowpeopletalkedtoeachother,whatclotheswere"fashionable,"andhowtointeractwithinstructors.Withmodeling,youobserveothers'behaviors,andthennone,some,orallofthesebehaviorsmaybelearnedandrepeated,ormodified.InoneofBandura'sclassicstudies,childrenweredividedintothreegroups:OnegroupwatchedanadultbeatingupaBobodoll,onegroupwatchedanadultignoringtheBobodoll,andthethirddidn'tseeanadultatall.Afterbeingmildlyfrustratedbybeingplacedinaroomwithtoys,butnotbeingallowedtoplaywithsomeofthem,allofthechildrenwerethenplacedinanotherroomwithavarietyoftoys,includingaBobodoll.Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll（andinventingnewwaystoabuseit）.Researchershavediscoveredthatseveralcharacteristicsofmodelscanmakelearningthroughobservationmoreeffective.Notsurprisingly,themoreyoupayattentiontothemodel,themoreyoulearn.Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves,somodelswhoareseenassimilararemorereadilyimitated.Allstudentsneedtoseesuccessful,capablemodelswholookandsoundlikethem.Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?Hereareafewguidelines.Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.Forexample,showenthusiasmforthesubjectyouteach.Bewillingtodemonstrateboththementalandthephysicaltasksyouexpectthestudentstoperform.Second,usepeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodels.Forexample,ingroupwork,pairstudentswhodowellwiththosewhoarehavingdifficulties.Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.Examplesincludelettinghigh-statusstudentsleadanactivitywhenyouneedclasscooperationorwhenstudentsarelikelytobereluctantatfirst.ObservationalLearning:ToSeeIstoKnowAndapplicationofObservationallearningislearningthatoccursthroughandimitationofothers.observationallearningObservationallearninghelpspeoplelearnhowtobehaveintheirfamiliesandcultures.ModelsandtheirModelsarethepeoplewhopresentbehaviorforyoutoimitate.Bandura'sstudyshowsthatifchildrenobserveanadultbeatingupadoll,theywillbecome.CharacteristicsofmodelsthatmakeobservationallearningmoreeffectiveChildrenaremoretoimitatemodelswhoareexperts,goodlooking,powerfulandhavehighstatus.Modelstoourselvespromoteobservationallearning.HowtouseobservationallearninginModelingthebehaviorsandattitudesisanimportantapproach.Usingpeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodelsisanothermethod.thehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviorisalsoagoodchoice.【答案】Definition/Concept/Meaning；observation；properly/appropriately/well；impacts；aggressive/violent/rude；likely；similar；teaching/education/instruction；desired/expected/target；Seeking【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍什么是观察学习，观察学习的应用，怎么将观察学习用于教学。考查信息归纳。根据右边的内容:Observationallearningislearningthatoccursthroughandimitationofothers.可知这是观察学习的定义，故填Definition/Concept/Meaning。(2)考查词性转化。根据第一段中的“Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorsofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.”可知*将observing改成observation。考查词性转化。根据第一段中的"Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorsintheirfamiliesandcultures”可知*将proper改成properly/appropriately/well。考查原词重现。根据第二段中的“Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll(andinventingnewwaystoabuseit)。”可知看见不好的行为的孩子自己也会学习，有虐待性，故填abusive。考查原词重现。根据第二段可知这里介绍榜样的影响，故填impacts。考查原词重现。根据第三段中的"Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful”可知填likely。考查句意理解。根据第三段中的“Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves/可知和我们相像的人会促进观察学习。Iike="similar"to,故填similar。考查词性转化。根据第四段中的“Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?”可知怎么将观察学习应用于教学中，故填teaching/education/instruction。(9)考查词性转化。根据第四段中的“Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.”可知将desire改成desired/expected/targeted(10)考查词性转化。根据第四段中的"Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.”可知将seek改成Seeking。【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，词性转化和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。3．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Attheageofforty-five,myusuallywell-orderedlifebecamefullofchanges.Aftertwenty-twoyearsofworkinginabank,aplantouselessstaffledtotheunemploymentofoveronehundredpeople.Unluckily,Iwasoneofthem.Myoncesecurefuturebecameuncertain.However,Iwasnotasingleparent,sothefamilydidnotdependonlyonmyincomeandmyhusbandcansupportthefamily.Mymottohasalwaysbeen,"Changeisgood;changeisprogress",butwhenitaffectedmylivelihood,Ihadtochangeit."Acceptchangeandmakethemostofit."Fromthebeginning,Ichosetolookatthismatternotasbadluck,butasawelcomechance.Irefusedtobecomesorry;instead,Iactivelyplannedtodosomethingnewanddifferent.HavingapositiveattitudemadeallthedifferenceinthewayIpursuedthefuture.First,IdecidedtoreturntocollegeandgraduatemanyyearslaterthanIshouldhave.Doingthisatmyagetookmorethanalittlecourage.Notbeingagraduatehadneverheldmebackinmycareerinthebank,butnowit'sapersonalgoalIlongedtoachieve.Withalotofdetermination,Iwenttoeveningclassesandbecameanadultstudent.Intheclass,Ibecamemoreandmoreconfident.Duringthistime,Irealizedthatnomatterwhatlifethrowsinourway,nothingcanhinderourpersonalgrowth.ThesecondthingIdidtoimprovemyinnerselfwastoreevaluatemypastlife.Itusedtobefilledwithendless,andsometimesmeaninglessevents.Butnow,myheartandlifearecompletelyaroundpeopleIcarefor.Thelossofmyjobledtosomepositivechangesinmylife.Revisitingthepastmaderoomforthefuture.IrealizethatIhaveacceptedthechange,andammakingthemostofit.Whatmadetheauthorloseherjob?(nomorethan10words)Whatdidtheauthordoaftertheunemployment?(nomorethan15words)HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinParagraph3?(nomorethan3words)Howwouldyoudescribetheauthorintermsofpersonalities?(nomorethan5words)What'syourattitudetowardsthe"changes"inyourlife?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)【答案】(1)Thebank'splantouselessstaff.Or:Lessstaffinthebank.Returntocollegeandreevaluateherpastlife.Or:Returntocollegeanddevotemoretimetoherbelovedpeople.（3）stop/prevent;prohibit/forbid（4）Sheisoptimisticanddetermined.Or:Sheisactiveandadaptable.（5）Iwillacceptthechangesandtrymybesttoliveapositivelife.Or:Iwillmakeuseofeverychancetobesuccessfulinmylife.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"aplantouselessstaffledtotheunemploymentofoveronehundredpeople.Unluckily,wasoneofthem."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填Thebank'splantouselessstaff./Lessstaffinthebank.（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First,Idecidedtoreturntocollege"及第四段中的"ThesecondthingIdidtoimprovemyinnerselfwastoreevaluatemypastlife."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Returntocollegeandreevaluateherpastlife。/Returntocollegeanddevotemoretimetoherbelovedpeople.（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"ourpersonalgrowth"可知，无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/prevent;prohibit/forbid。（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"Ichosetolookatthismatternotasbadluck,butasawelcomechance.Irefusedtobecomesorry;instead,Iactivelyplannedtodosomethingnewanddifferent."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气，拒绝难过，积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填Sheisoptimisticanddetermined./Sheisactiveandadaptable.（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"Thelossofmyjobledtosomepositivechangesinmylife."及"Ihaveacceptedthechange,andammakingthemostofit."可知，我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填Iwillacceptthechangesandtrymybesttoliveapositivelife./Iwillmakeuseofeverychancetobesuccessfulinmylife.【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。IsCashBecomingOutdated?Whenherollsintoagasstationtofillhistank,BarkhadDahirdoesn'tgetoutofhiscar.Hepushesafewbuttonsonhiscellphoneandwithinsecondshehaspaidforthefuel.Withthesamequickpushesonhisphone,hepaysforvirtuallyeverythingheneeds:groceriesatthesupermarket,afeworangesfromamarketstall,oracupofsweetmilkyteafromacafe.Mr.Dahirboasts,"Evenlyinginbed,youcanbepayingyourbills."Electronicpaymentsofferconsumersconvenience,providerevenueforbanks,creditcardcompaniesandpaymentprocessors,andoffermerchantsimprovedcashflowandconvenience."Idon'tevencarrymoneyanymore,"saysAdanAbokor,ademocracyactivist."Ihaven'tseencashforalongtime.Almosteverymerchant,evenhawker（小贩）onthestreet,acceptspaymentbycellphone.There'snowaitingforitandnocountingofcash."Thesystemisimpressivelysimpleandsecure.Purchasesaremadebydialingathree-digitnumber,enteringafour-digitPIN,andthenenteringtheretailer'spaymentnumberandtheamountofmoney.Bothcustomersandmerchantsreceivetextmessagestoconfirmthepayment.Clearingupcashpaymentshasseveraladvantagesaswell.Theprintingandhandlingofmoneyisexpensive.Cashpaymentscanbeanonymousandhardtotrackcriminalactivitiestobeconductedinsecret.Manygovernmentsfavorreducingcashdealingsinordertobettermonitorandunderstandtheactivitiesoftheircitizens.TheSwedishgovernmenthasbeendiscussingtheremovingofcashsince2010.However,somepeopledoubtwhatmembersofacashlesssocietydowhenthepowergoesoff.Dotheychoosetobarter（物物交换）androb?Dotheysitathomeandwait?WhathappenstopeoplewhorelyontheircellphonestoprocessmoneydealingswhencellserviceandtheInternetareinterrupted?Aworldaffectedbyterrorismandincreasinglyviolentweathermaynotyetbereadytoabandoncurrency."Ironically,thedayafterthelargestbankinNorway,DNB,proposedendingallcashdealings,IwenttomylocalgrocerystoreandwhenItriedtopaybyphone,IwastoldthatIneededtogototheATMtogetcashbecausethesystemwasbroken."saidaninterviewee.Otherpeoplefearthatelectronicpaymentsmaycreatesecurityandfraudrisksandenabledealingstobetrackedandreported.Privacy,securityandconvenienceareallimportantfactorsintheadoptionofelectronicpaymenttechnology.Newtechnologieswhichbalanceandaddressthesefactorsmayenablepeopletoremovecash.IsCashBecomingOutdated?AnexampleofelectronicpaymentsBarkhadDahirclaimsthathecangeteasytohisownbankwhenpayingforhisfuelandnecessities.ofelectronicTheycancustomersfromwaitinginlineorcountingthecash.Theyarevery,forbothcustomersandmerchantswillreceivetextmessagestoconfirmthepayment.Theyreducetheofprintingandhandlingmoney.Theymakeitforthegovernmentstokeeptrackofthecitizens'cashactivities.paymentsConcernsofelectronicpaymentsSomepeopleworryabouttheeffectivepaymentincaseofapowerOtherpeopleshowtheirconcernsabouttheirown,fortheirmoneydealingscanbemonitoredandmadeknown.SecurityandfraudrisksmayoccurwhenelectronicpaymentsareinConclusionCashisnotlikelytounlessprivacy,securityandconveniencearebalancedandsettled.【答案】access；Advantages/Benefits；save/free/spare；safe/secure；cost/expense；convenient/easy；failure/cut；privacy；use/effect/adoption；disappear/vanish【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，分析了电子支付的优点与缺点，最后得出结论，现金不可能被完全取代，除非隐私、安全和便利得到平衡和解决。考查信息提升。根据第一段中的”Withthesamequickpushesonhisphone,hepaysforvirtuallyeverythingheneeds:groceriesatthesupermarket,afeworangesfromamarketstall,oracupofsweetmilkyteafromacafe.Mr.Dahirboasts,'Evenlyinginbed,youcanbepayingyourbills.‘"同样快速地按一下手机，他几乎支付了所有他需要的东西：超市里的杂货，市场摊位上的几个橘子，或者咖啡馆里的一杯甜奶茶。Dahir先生自豪地说，“即使躺在床上，你也能付账单。”可知BarkhadDahir声称，当他支付燃料和必需品时，他可以很容易地进入自己的银行。getaccessto固定短语“进入；使用”。故填access。考查信息归纳。根据表格右栏的内容可知是在叙述电子支付的优点，故填Advantages/Benefits。考查信息提升。根据第二段中的“saysAdanAbokor,ademocracyactivist.'Ihaven'tseencashforalongtime.Almosteverymerchant,evenhawkeronthestreet,acceptspaymentbycellphone.There'snowaitingforitandnocountingofcash."'民主活动人士AdanAbokor说。“我很长时间没看到现金了。几乎每一个商人，甚至街头小贩，都接受手机支付。不用等，也不用数钱。”可知点至支付可以省去顾客排队或数现金的麻烦。故填save/free/spare。考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的”Thesystemisimpressivelysimpleandsecure.Purchasesaremadebydialingathree-digitnumber,enteringafour-digitPIN,andthenenteringtheretailer'spaymentnumberandtheamountofmoney.Bothcustomersandmerchantsreceivetextmessagestoconfirmthepayment.“该系统极其简单和安全。购物是通过拨打一个三位数的号码，输入一个四位数的个人识别码，然后输入零售商的付款号码和金额。客户和商家都会收到确认付款的短信。可知电子支付非常安全，因为客户和商家都会收到确认付款的短信。故填safe/secure。考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的"Theprintingandhandlingofmoneyisexpensive."印刷和处理货币是昂贵的。可知电子支付减少印刷和处理金钱的费用。故填cost/expense。考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的"Manygovernmentsfavorreducingcashdealingsinordertobettermonitorandunderstandtheactivitiesoftheircitizens.“许多政府赞成减少现金交易，以便更好地监测和了解其公民的活动。可知电子支付使政府很容易跟踪公民的现金活动。故填easy/convenient。考查信息理解，根据第五段中的"However,somepeopledoubtwhatmembersofacashlesssocietydowhenthepowergoesoff."然而，一些人怀疑无现金社会的成员在断电时会做些什么。可知有些人担心停电时的有效支付。故填failure/cuto考查信息归纳。根据最后一段中的"Otherpeoplefearthatelectronicpaymentsmaycreatesecurityandfraudrisksandenabledealingstobetrackedandreported.Privacy,securityandconvenienceareallimportantfactorsintheadoptionofelectronicpaymenttechnology.“其他人则担心电子支付可能会带来安全和欺诈风险，使交易能够被跟踪和报告。隐私、安全和便利性都是采用电子支付技术的重要因素。可知另一些人则表现出对自己隐私的担忧，因为他们的金钱交易可以被监控并公之于众。故填privacy。（9）考查信息提升。根据最后一段中的”Otherpeoplefearthatelectronicpaymentsmaycreatesecurityandfraudrisksandenabledealingstobetrackedandreported.Privacy,securityandconvenienceareallimportantfactorsintheadoptionofelectronicpaymenttechnology.“其他人则担心电子支付可能会带来安全和欺诈风险，使交易能够被跟踪和报告。隐私、安全和便利性都是采用电子支付技术的重要因素。）可知当使用电子支付时，可能会出现安全和欺诈风险。故填use/effect/adoption。（10）考查信息理解。根据最后一段中的”Newtechnologieswhichbalanceandaddressthesefactorsmayenablepeopletoremovecash."平衡和解决这些因素的新技术可能使人们能够取消现金。可知除非隐私、安全和便利得到平衡和解决，否则现金不太可能消失。故填disappear/vanish。【点评】本题考点涉及信息理解，信息提升和信息归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料内容，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。5．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。Ifyousaidyouweresufferingfrom"burnout"intheearly1970s,youmighthaveraisedsomeeyebrows.Atthetime,thetermwasinformallytodescribethesideeffectsthatheavydrugusersexperienced.However,in1974,aGerman-AmericanpsychologistHerbertFreudenbergerfoundthevolunteersathisclinicwerestruggling,too:theirworkwastough,andmanywerelackinginmotivation.Freudenbergerdefinedthisconditionasastateofextremetirednesscausedbyconstantoverwork－andborrowedtheterm"burnout"todescribeit.Latelastmonth,theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）announcedthattheproblemwillberecognizedasasyndrome（综合征）"resultingfromworkplacestressthathasnotbeensuccessfullymanaged."Feelingtheburnsohowcanyoutellifyou'realmostburnedout?"Alotofthesignsandsymptomsofpre-burnoutwouldbeverysimilartodepression,"saysSiobhanMurray,apsychotherapist.Shesuggestslookingoutforbadhabits,suchasincreasedalcoholconsumptionandrelyingonsugartogetyouthroughtheday.Alsowatchoutforfeelingsoftirednessthatwon'tgoawayornothavingtheenergytoexerciseorgoforawalk.Assoonasyoubegintofeelthisway,Murrayadvisesgoingtoseeyourdoctor."Depressionandpre-burnoutareverysimilar.Butitisstillclassifiedasanoccupationalphenomenonwhichisstillbesttackledbymakinglifestylechanges."Andhowdoyouknowifyou'rereallyontheedgeofburnout?"Stressisreallyimportant,andanxietyiswhatmotivatesustodowell,"saysMurray."It'swhenwe'recontinuallyexposedtostressandanxietythatitstartstoturnintoburnout."You'repre-burnout:What'snext?"Sometimestheyfeeltheneedtobetooperfectsothey'rehavingtoworkveryhardtocoverupthatthey'renotquiteasgoodaseveryonethinks."AnothertherapistWalkersays.However,sometimestheworkenvironmentistheproblem.Accordingtoa2018studyof7,500USworkers,burnoutcomesfromunfairtreatmentatwork,anunmanageableworkloadandnotknowingwhataperson'sroleshouldinvolve.Workerswerealsostressedoutbyalackofsupportfromtheirmanagerandpunreasonabletimepressure.Whateverthecauseofyourburnout,Murray'stoptipistobekindtoyourself.InMurray'sexperience,akeydriverofburnoutistoday'scultureofwantingitall.Oftenit'sjustnotpossibletohaveahealthysociallifeandcompleteabigprojectatthesametime.Shesaysit'svitaltoprioritizeandnotexpecttoomuchofyourself;whenothersseemliketheperfectboss,parentandfriendallatthesametime,they'reprobablymisleadingus.Ifyoufeelthatyoumightbeclosetojoiningtheburnoutclub,takeastepback,figureoutwhat'sgoingwrong－andletyourselfoffthehook.OutlineDetailsintheexplanationofburnoutIntheearly1970s,itreferredtothesideeffectsofdrug.Freudenbergerusedittodescribethestateofthosevolunteersunderoverworkingconditions.WHOwillrecognizeitasasyndromearisingfromthetomanagestress.SymptomsofburnoutItsharessomewithdepression,suchastirednessandofenergy,duetopeople'scontinualexposuretostressandanxiety.CausesofburnoutPeopleareunwillingtoadmitthattheyare.Companiescan'tfavorableworkingconditions.ApproachestoburnoutBetoyourself:acceptwhatyouare;stepawayfromit.【答案】Changes/Differences；abuse/addiction；tired/exhausted；failure；similarities；lack/overuse；imperfect；provide/offer/afford；avoiding；kind【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了"精力耗尽"这个词的定义和相应症状，造成这种症状的原因以及提出避免的方法。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右边的内容可知，讲的是burnout在不同时期的不同解释，故填Changes或Differences。(2)原文第一段指出，在70年代burnout指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因此heavydrugusers这里转换为drugabuse/addiction。故填abuse/addiction。原文第三段astateofextremetirednesscausedbyconstantoverwork可知，是扌旨人们因为不断超负荷工作而劳累，而本题所填空在volunteers前，应该是形容词，因此讲tiredness转换为tired/exhausted。故填tired/exhausted。原文第四段最后一行stressthathasnotbeensuccessfullymanaged可知，是指没能处理好压力，而本题所填空应该是名词，固定搭配failtodo表示未能做成某事，此处转换为名词failure。故填failure。原文第六段第一行beverysimilartodepression可知，burnout和depression很相似，而所填空应该是名词，固定搭配sharesimilaritieswith……表示和……很类似，故填similarities。原文第六段第三行需要酒精getyouthroughtheday和nothavingtheenergy可知，觉得自己没有精力，或者是精力被过度消耗，所填空为名词，故填lack或overuse。原文倒数第五段可知，人们被要求很完美，因此努力去做到别人想的那样，即人们不愿意承认自己的不完美，本空应填形容词，故填imperfecto原文倒数第四段theworkenvironmentistheproblem和后面具体的unfairtreatmentatwork,anunmanageableworkloadandnotknowingwhataperson'sroleshouldinvolve可知，公司没能提供有利的工作环境，所填空应该是动词，故填provide/offer/afford。由文章最后两段内容可知，要接纳自己，不要给自己过多的压力过多的期待，是在介绍避免burnout的方法，且固定搭配approachtodoing，故填avoiding。原文倒数第三段Murray建议要bekindtoyourself，故填kind。【点评】考查任务型阅读。要结合原文，分析原文中心和段落结构，利用原词复现、上下文关联和概括总结解题。6．Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theartofacademicwritingisnoteasytomaster.________Academicwritingistheskilfulexpositionandexplanationofanargument,whichthewriterhascarefullyresearchedanddevelopedoverasustainedperiodoftime.________Butthejoyofreadingandsharingwithothers,one'ssuccinctlycomposedpieceofargument,isincomparable.Beforebeginningtowrite,thewritermustaskhimselfafewquestions一WhyamIwriting?WhatisitthatIintendtosharewithothers?Whatpurposewillmywritingserve?HaveIreadenoughaboutthetopicorthemeaboutwhichIamgoingtowrite?__Becauseacademicwritingisaseriousactivity一itmakesonepartofasharedcommunityofreadersandwriterswhowishtodisseminateandlearnfromwell-arguedpiecesofwriting.Thestructureofanargumentativeessayshouldtaketheformof一Introduction(whichshouldbearoundtenpercentoftheentireessay),Body(itshouldconstituteeightypercentofthepiece)andtheConclusion(again,tenpercentoftheessay).hebodyshouldincludecogentandcoherentlylinkedparagraphsandtheconclusionshouldre-statetheargumentandofferasubstantialendingtothepiece.Thesequestionsmaywellgetclearerandclearerduringtheprocessofacademicwriting.Theintroductionshouldfunctionasthehookwhichdrawsthereaderinandholdshisattention.Itisaformalskill,whichrequiresprecisionandaccuracy,andisperfectedbycontinuousanddedicatedpractice.Ifoneishesitanttoanswerevenoneoftheaforementionedquestions,onehadbetternotwriteatall!Itmaytakeoneaconsiderableperiodoftimetoknowtheskillsofacademicwriting,evenlongafterhis/hercollegegraduation.Itisatime-consumingactivityanddemandspatienceandperseverance.【答案】C；F；D；B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何掌握论文写作艺术的几点建议。(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Theartofacademicwritingisnoteasytomaster.”可知，论文写作的艺术很难掌握，此处应该介绍论文写作难以掌握的原因，C项中的It扌旨代的就是academicwriting,故C.Itisaformalskill,whichrequiresprecisionandaccuracy,andisperfectedbycontinuousanddedicatedpractice.“它是一种正式的技能，需要精确和准确，并通过持续和专门的时间来完善”符合语境，故选C。(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“whichthewriterhascarefullyresearchedanddevelopedoverasustainedperiodoftime.”可知，论文写作需要作者进行长期的认真研究，此处说的应该还是和花费时间有关的内容，的故F.Itisatime-consumingactivityanddemandspatienceandperseverance.“这是一项耗时的活动，需要耐心和毅力”符合语境，故选F。考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本空前提到了一系列的问题，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于那些问题的内容，D项中的theaforementionedquestions正好与前面提到的问题相对应，故D.Ifoneishesitanttoanswerevenoneoftheaforementionedquestions,onehadbetternotwriteatall!“如果一个人对回答上述任何一个问题都犹豫不决，他最好不要写”符合语境，故选D。考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Thestructureofanargumentativeessayshouldtaketheformof一Introduction(whichshouldbearoundtenpercentoftheentireessay),Body(itshouldconstituteeightypercentofthepiece)andtheConclusion(again,tenpercentoftheessay).”可知，论文由引言和正文两部分组成，下文介绍了关于正文的内容，此处讲的应该是关于引言的内容，故B.Theintroductionshouldfunctionasthehookwhichdrawsthereaderinandholdshisattention.“引言应该起到吸引读者注意力的作用”符合语境，故选B。【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。7．阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。StudyinCanadaWhyCanada?Canadiansplaceapremium（保险）oneducationanddemandfirst-rateschools.CanadaisamongthetopthreecountriesintheOrganizationforEconomic.InternationalstudentswhograduatefromCanadianuniversitieslandsuccessfulandpromisingcareers.Rankedas#1intheWorldForthepastseveralyears,aUnitedNationssurveyhasfoundCanadatobethebestplaceintheworldtolivein.Conductedeveryyear,thesurveyevaluatesqualityoflifein174countries,usingover200performanceindicators.Canadaearnedparticularlyhighmarksforitsaccesstoeducation,highlifeexpectancy（长寿），andlowcrimeandviolencerates.CanadianEducationisCompetitivelyPricedTuitionfeesforinternationalstudentsinCanadaarecomparativelymuchlowerthaninanyotherEnglishspeakingcountryMorethan800000CanadianstracetheirrootsbacktoIndia!HighStandardofLivingCanadiansenjoyastandardoflivingamongthehighestintheworld.Morethan65percentofCanadiansowntheirownhomes,withahigherpercentageowningdurablegoods.Canadiansareproudoftheirworld-famousandhighlyadvancedbroadcastingsystemwhichincludesmorethan1,000AMandFMradiostationsandsome719televisionstationstoserve,entertainandeducatethelisteningandviewingaudience.ThevastmajorityofCanada'spopulationofmorethan30millionpeoplelivesinurbanareas.Welcoming&BeautifulEnvironmentAllmajorurbancentershaveavarietyofshoppingmalls,restaurants,theaters,artgalleriesandmuseums.Canadiancitiesprovidenumerousparks,gardensandbeachesforpublicuse,aswellasexcellentsportsandrecreationfacilities.Canadiansplaceahighvalueontheirnaturalenvironment.Canadaiswell-knownasasafe,justandpeacefulsociety.Canadiancrimerateshavebeenfallingsteadilysincethe1990s.In1997,Canada'spolice-reportedcrimeratedecreasedforthesixthyearinarow,fallingbyfivepercent.Violentcrimesdeclinedforthefifthyearinarowin1997andCanada'shomicide（杀人）ratenowaccountsforlessthanonepercentofallreportedviolentincidents.UnlikeitsUSneighborstothesouth,firearmsarestrictlycontrolledandgenerallyarenotpermittedinCanada.Canadaisacountrywithtwoofficiallanguages,EnglishandFrench.Thevastmajority（75percent）ofCanada'sFrench-speakinginhabitants（居民）liveinQuebec（魁北克）,whichislocatedintheeasternpartofthecountrybutthereareFrench-speakingcommunitiesthroughoutthecountry.Internationally,itisestimatedthatmorethan800millionpeoplespeakEnglishand250millionspeakFrench.CanadaofferssuperiorEnglishasaSecondLanguage（ESL）andFrenchasSecondLanguage（FSL）trainingforstudentswishingtolearneitherorbothlanguages.StudyinCanadaWhyCanada?Internationalstudent'sfromCanadianuniversitiesenjoyahigheremploymentrate.Rankedas#1intheWorldInCanadaeducationisaccessible,peoplelivelonger,andcrimeandviolencehappen.CanadianEducationisCompetitivelyPricedOtherEnglishspeakingcountriesaskforamuchtuitionfeethanCanada.HighStandardofLivingBroadcastingsysteminCanadaisfamous,advancedandservesPurposes.FewofCanadianpeoplewouldliketoliveinareas.Welcoming&BeautifulItisreallytoliveinmajorurbancenters.Canadaisaplacetostudyin.Canada'shomiciderateislowbecauseCanadiansaretohavefirearms.Canadahastwoofficiallanguages.800millionpeoplespeakEnglishand250millionspeakFrench.答案】graduating；seldom/rarely；higher；different/various/several；rural；Environment；convenient/comfortable/enjoyable/cozy；safe；forbidden/prohibited/banned；Over【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加拿大的的教育环境。（1）考查信息归纳。根据WhyCanada?部分中的"InternationalstudentswhograduatefromCanadianuniversitieslandsuccessfulandpromisingcareers.”从加拿大大学毕业的国际学生获得成功和有前途的职业。名词所有格后接动名词，因此填graduating。（2）考查信息提升。根据Rankedas#1intheWorld部分中的"Canadaearnedparticularlyhighmarksforitsaccesstoeducation,highlifeexpectancy（长寿），andlowcrimeandviolencerates."在接受教育方面，加拿大获得了特别高的分数，长寿，犯罪率和暴力率低。可知犯罪和暴力很少发生，故填seldom/rarely。（3）考查信息归纳。根据CanadianEducationisCompetitivelyPriced部分中的"TuitionfeesforinternationalstudentsinCanadaarecomparativelymuchlowerthaninanyotherEnglishspeakingcountry"国际学生在加拿大的学费比其它说英语的国家相对较低，可知此处应填higher。（4）考查信息提升。根据HighStandardofLiving部分中的“Canadiansareproudoftheirworld-famousandhighlyadvancedbroadcastingsystemwhichincludesmorethan1,000AMandFMradiostationsandsome719televisionstationstoserve,entertainandeducatethelisteningandviewingaudience."加拿大人为他们举世闻名和高度先进的广播系统感到骄傲，其中包括一千多个调频电台和大约719个电视台，为听众和观众提供服务、娱乐和教育,可知加拿大的广播系统有多重目的，故填different/various/several。（5）考查推理判断。根据HighStandardofLiving部分中的"ThevastmajorityofCanada'spopulationofmorethan30millionpeoplelivesinurbanareas."加拿大的三千多万人口大部分住在诚实地区，可知少数人住在农村，故填ruralo考查信息归纳。根据标题Welcoming&BeautifulEnvironment,可知填Environment。考查信息提升。根据Welcoming&BeautifulEnvironment部分中的“Allmajorurbancentershaveavarietyofshoppingmalls,restaurants,theaters,artgalleriesandmuseums.”所有主要的城市中心都有各种各样的购物中心，饭店，剧院，美术馆和博物馆，可知住在市中心是便利，舒适，享受的，故填convenient/comfortable/enjoyable/cozy。考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming&BeautifulEnvironment部分中的"Canadaiswell-knownasasafe,justandpeacefulsociety.”众所周知加拿大是一个安全、公正与和平的社会。故填safe。考查信息提升。根据Welcoming&BeautifulEnvironment部分中的“UnlikeitsUSne