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WilliamShakespeare-----ThepeakofHumanism
WilliamShakespeare
1564-1616“Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”MainContents1.Shakespeare'sliteraryposition2.Shakespeare'sLegendarylife3.Shakespeare'smasterpieces2.Shakespeare'slife
(1564-1616)BirthplaceBorninWarwickshireThe3rdof8kidsMarriedatage18Workasanactorbefore
1590.
ThehomeofMaryArden,WillyShakespeare'smother'shouseTheAvonRiver,nearStratford-upon-Avon.HenleyStreet,Stratford-upon-AvonThesonofgrocery
sellergettingmarriedat18LeavinghomeforLondonatabout22,
doingasthegroom,DickinsonStartingwritingplaysatabout30yearsold5yearslater,becoming"universal"shareholderoftroupe.ThelifeofShakespeare
ArrivinginLondonin1586Beingwell-knownin1581Diedon23,Apr,1616ThetombofShakespeareThough
arespectedpoetandplaywrightinhisownday,hedidnotrisetoitspresentheightsuntilthe19thcentury.
KarlMarxregardedAeschylusandShakespeareas“thetwogreatestdramaticgeniusestheworldhaseverknow.”Shakespearetookstoriesfromoldsourcessuchasolddrama,novel,chronicles(编年史)andfolklegends.(民间传说)UnderShakespeare’spen,thosestoriesassumednewmeaningandsignificance.
Intheexpressionofart,heinheritedthreetraditionsofthedramasofancientGreeceandRome,medievalBritainandtheEuropeanRenaissance.Hetriedhardtoreflectthetruelifeandexploretheinnermysteries,displayingmanydiverseandcomplexpersonalities,vividcharacters.Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliteraryworkheproduced37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnets.Hisliteraryworkmaybedividedintothreemajorperiods:Thefirstperiod(1590-1600)Thesecondperiod(1601-1608)Thethirdperiod(1609-1612)3.Shakespeare'swriting1)154sonnets,twolongpoems
poetry十四行诗(TheSonnets)
爱人的怨诉(ALover'sComplaint)鲁克丽丝失贞记(TheRapeofLucrece)维纳斯和阿多尼斯(VenusandAdonis)热情的朝圣者(ThePassionatePilgrim)凤凰和斑鸠(ThePhoenixandtheTurtle)Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareShallI
compare
theeto
asummer’sday?Thouart
morelove
lyandmore
tempe
rate:Rough
winds
doshake
the
darling
budsof
May,And
summer’slease
hath
all
too
short
adate:SometimetoohottheeyeoftheheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:Solongasamancanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslivetothee.夏日的时光何其短暂。Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,休恋那丽日当空,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;转眼又云雾迷蒙;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,休叹百花凋零,Bychance,ornatureschangingcourseuntrimed摧残于无常即或天命。Thefurthestdistanceintheworld
IsnotwhenIstandinfrontofyou
Yetyoucan'tseemylove
Butwhenundoubtedlyknowingthelovefromboth
Yetcannotbetogether
Thefurthestdistanceintheworld
Isnotbeingapartwhilebeinginlove
Butwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning
Yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart
Thefurthestdistanceintheworld
Isnotbutusingone'sindifferentheart
Todiganuncrossableriver
Fortheonewholovesyouhistories亨利四世,第一卷(HenryIV,part1)亨利四世,第二卷(HenryIV,part2)亨利五世(HenryV)亨利六世,第一卷(HenryVI,part1)亨利六世,第二卷(HenryVI,part2)亨利六世,第三卷(HenryVI,part3)亨利八世(HenryVIII)约翰国王(KingJohn)理查德二世(RichardII)理查德三世(RichardIII)3)ComediesThemerchantofVenicemidsummernight'sdreamhappytwelfthnightComedies错中错(TheComedyofErrors)皆大欢喜(All'sWellThatEndsWell)如愿(AsYouLikeIt)仲夏夜梦(AMidsummerNight'sDream)无事生非(MuchAdoAboutNothing)一报还一报(MeasureforMeasure第十二夜(TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill)威尼斯商人(TheMerchantofVenice)空爱一场(Love'sLabor'sLost)冬天的故事(TheWinter'sTale)威尼斯商人第十二夜TheMerchantofVenice剧情:有一个十五世纪威尼斯的正直商人安东尼奥,跟高利贷犹太商人夏洛克对立。某日,安东尼奥因出海向夏洛克借款。后者为报复安东尼奥借钱不要利息而影响自己利益的举措,定下奇特契约:不还钱就还肉。结果安东尼奥的商队在海上出事而无法还钱。在法院的夏洛克准备好刀子,等着安东尼奥的肉。假装律师的波莎以割肉不能流血,否则血债血偿的理由,粉碎了夏洛克的阴谋。夏洛克破产,安东尼奥东山再起。ThecharacterofShylockhasraisedadebateoverwhethertheplayshouldbecondemnedasanti-Semitic,andthiscontroversyhasovershadowedmanyotheraspectsoftheplay.
Theplotinvolvesavengeful,greedycreditor,Shylock,aJewishmoney-lenderShylockwhoseeksaliteralpoundoffleshfromhisChristianopposite,thegenerous,faithfulAntonio.Shakespeare'sversionofthechest-choosingdevicerevolvesaroundtheplay'sChristianheroine,Portia,whosteersherloverBassaniotowardthecorrecthumblecasketandthensuccessfullydefendshisbosomfriendAntoniofromShylock'shorridlegalsuit.Shylock,isaJewwhosebeloveddaughterislosttohimwhensheelopeswithamanwhobelongstoavirulentlyanti-Semiticsociety.Whengrief,angerandvengeanceovercomecommonsenseheendsupliterallyforcedtohiskneestorenouncehisfaithandhisfortune.
4)TragediesHamletOthelloMacbethkingLearTragedies罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)
麦克白(Macbeth)李尔王(KingLear)哈姆雷特(Hamlet)
奥赛罗(Othello)考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus)特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德
(TroilusandCressida)雅典的泰蒙(TimonofAthens)诗李尔王哈姆雷特ThesummitofShakespeare’sart
Hamlet
Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.<Hamlet>Meaning:Isitpossibleornot?Ishealiveornot?Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.<KingHenryIV>Meaning:Thelifeofleadersisn’teasy.Havingmanyresponsibilities,leadersoftencan’tsleepwell.“Tobe,ornottobe"Itistakenfromsceneone,Hamlet.Itisoneofthemostfamousquotationsinworldliteratureandthebest-knownofthisplay.Theplay,setinDenmark,recountshowPrinceHamletexactsrevengeonhisuncleClaudius,whohasmurderedHamlet'sfather,theKing,andthentakenthethroneandmarriedGertrude,Hamlet'smother.Theplayvividlychartsthecourseofrealandfeignedmadness—fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage—andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.仇恨,愤怒,荣誉,尊严,……HamletType:
RevengeTragedy,復仇悲劇
RomanticTragedy浪漫悲劇
Time:c.1200
Locale:Elsinore(艾西諾),Denmark
Firstpresented:1602PrincipalCharactersinHamletClaudius克劳迪斯
KingofDenmarkHamlet
哈姆雷特
SontotheformerKingand
Nephew
to
thepresentKingGertrude乔特鲁德QueenofDenmark,and
MotherofHamletPolonius
波洛涅斯
LordChamberlain(御前大臣)Laertes
雷欧提斯
SontoPoloniusOphelia奥菲莉娅DaughtertoPoloniusGhost(KingHamlet)鬼魂Hamlet'sFatherHoratio
霍拉旭
FriendtoHamletClaudiusisshrewd精明andable干练,thoughnotalwaysethical伦理ormoral道德,Hamletdescribesthecontestofintelligenceandwillbetweenthemasthatof''mightyopposites''(V.ii.62).克劳狄斯形象:集合封建主和暴君的残忍,阴谋家的野心和阴险,封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身,代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。Gertrudeisanegativecharacterinplay“Hamlet”.Butthisarticlebelievesthatsheisaweakbutbravefemininecharacter:shelivedinaweaksocialsurroundingsbutshehasbravecharacter.Duetotheprotectionforherson,shehasdevotedherreputationevenherpersonnallife.关键词:柔弱
勇敢
母亲Laertesisoftenportrayedbyseeminglyhumbleactorsofthescreen,togivealoyal,wholesomeappealtothecharacter.波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下,尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。OfallthepivotalcharactersinHamlet,Opheliaisthemoststatic稳定andone-dimensional没有深度的.Shehasthepotentialtobecomeatragicheroine--toovercometheadversitiesinflicteduponher--butsheinsteadcrumbles崩溃intoinsanity,becomingmerelytragic.ThisisbecauseOpheliaherselfisnotasimportantasherrepresentationofthedualnatureofwomenintheplay.Ophelia‘sdistinctpurposeistoshowatonceHamlet’swarped歪曲viewofwomenascallous冷酷无情的sexualpredators,andtheinnocenceandvirtueofwomen.关键词:悲情人物HamletisaclassicexampleofatragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Ineverytragedy,thecharactersmustdisplaysome.Ifeveryactioniscontrolledbyahero'sdestiny,thenthehero'sdeathcan'tbeavoidedandin"Hamlet"thesadpartisthatitcould.Hamlet'sdeathcouldhavebeenavoidedmanytimes.HehadmanyopportunitiestokillClaudius,buthedidnottakeadvantageofthem.Heiscalledavacillating(优柔寡断)man.
However,inmyopinion,vacillationcanneverberemovedfromHamlet.Thatisthelogicalresult.ItisthesenseofworththatmakesHamletvacillating.ShakespearetookacertainstoryofPrinceAmlethfromoldsourceswhichcanbetracedtothe12thcentury.He,however,wasnotthefirsttodramatizeHamlet’shistory.Intheeighties,aplaythatborethesamenamegainedpopularityamongtheEnglishpublic.ThomasKydissupposedtohavebeentheauthorofthisplay.ThewholetragedyispermeatedwiththespiritofShakespeare’sowntime.Hamletistheprofoundestexpressionofhishumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife.Whichplayisit?KingLear
TheplayisbasedonthelegendofLeirofBritain,amythological(神话的)pre-RomanCelticking.KingLearmour
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