2017年12月英语四级考试真题第2套答案与解析

A)A)I)B)J)C)K)D)L)M)F)N)G)O)H)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofAbout15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.IagreedtogiveitaMymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织),andIwasonmywayto ingahighlyproductivecrafter.I’vemadecountlessbabyblankets,sweaters,scarves,hats,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.Itseemstoo,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工艺).TheCraftYarnCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreateda“StitchAwayStress”ninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatelikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowerheartrateandbloodpressure.Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingular plishmentsonmytoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebaby’sfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“learninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatIfeltveryhelpless.It’sahobbythatI’vestuckwith,anditcontinuestohelpmecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙乱的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveArecent fromtheyarn(纺纱) RedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnitting”promptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgowellbeyondrecingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecowithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprisonswithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.I’vefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyarnhashelpedmyarthritic(患关节炎的)fingersremainmoredexterous(灵巧的asIageAwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdeveloanautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYarnCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.A2009UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirBetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andauthorofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness,establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelptokeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2011study,researchersledbyDrYonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(随机的)sampleof1,321peopleages70-89,mostofwhomwerecognitively(在认知方面)normal,aboutthecognitivetheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelomildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesoryedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2014studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotinlectuallychallenging,eitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchGiventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingto izethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetrynottomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherKnittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromEvenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofBeingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprologsone’sKnittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirTheauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewerSurveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelieveAccordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitiveTheproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingNobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosisWhat’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(贫民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelof thanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.ernmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙带关系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthat ewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanTheyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheTheyaregrowingfast ingTheyareasmodernizedasmanycitiesTheyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetterWhatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanizationinotherpartsoftheItbenefitedfromthecontributionofItstartedwhen ewasrelativelyItbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinItstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’sWhyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoItlacksadequatetransportThelivingexpensestherearetooItisonthewholetoodenselyThe ernmentsareInwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesareTheyhaveattractedhugenumbersonfarmTheystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalTheyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofTheydependfarmoreonforeignWhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricanLoweringofapartmentBettereducationforMorerationaloverallAmore PassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingForthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsides—weredecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewsandlifeexperiences.Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks“ aldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadto anadvancedacademicanambitiontogetafirmbeliefintheirasenseofdriveandWhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericanMoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtoItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanAmericans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewAnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningWhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingItstillremainsopentoIthasprovedtobebeyondItisnolongerasimportantasitusedtoItismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanHowdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationtheseItpromotesgenderItneedstobeItaddstoculturalIthelpsbroadentheirWhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillAdesiretolearnandtoAstrongsenseofAwillingnesstocommitAclearaimandhighPart (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.2017年12月大四级考试试卷（第2套Part HowtoBestHandletheRelationshipBetweenParentsandChildren Atpresent,oneofthemostheatedissuespeopleInviewofeveryaspectofthisissue,weshouldbearinmindthattobesthandletherelationshipbetweenthemissupremelysignificanttooursociety.Therefore,somemeasuresmentionedbelowarethemostimportantaspectsthatweshouldtakeintoconsideration.Firstandforemost,parentsshouldspendregulartimewiththeyoungtounderstandthemmoreinsteadofcontrollingtheirchildren’slife.Forinstance,theycansetafamilydayatleastonceaweek.What’smore,itissuggestedthatchildrenshouldpaymoreattentiontotakemorecommunicationwiththeirparents.Withpropercontact,thewholefamilywilldevelopamoreharmoniousenvironmenttoimproveeachother’sAllinall,wemustkeephighlyalertoftheproblemsevokedbyitandregardthebuildingofparents-childrenrelationshipasasignificanttask.父母与的关系对我们的社会极为女的关系，以及由此的问题，bearinmind

如：Itisaswelltobearinmindthatlaughterisagreatreleaserof如：IrisMurdochwasregardedbymanyasasupremelygoodandserioustakeintoconsideration如：Wemusttakeintoconsiderationthattheschoollibraryhasnotpurchasednewbooksforalongtime.如：Untilrecentlythisremotetribehadcontactedlittlewiththeoutside如：Youmustkeepalertwhenyouareina yunknownPart PartIII SectionA网。根据空格前的冠词a(n)和空格后作后置定语的popularlyknownastheInternet判定，空格【解析】本题考查的是动词。释义为直到1984年，因特网依然由控制。空格位于主语之后，缺少谓语，应填入动词。remained意为“依然”，与题意相符，故选L。【解析】本题考查的是形容词。释义为线路只能以有限的速度传输信息。根据空格前算机能够以更快的速度处理输入的信号。根据空格前的定冠词he和空格后的名词gnas判ng。商业目的。空格位于名词purposes之前，应填入形容词作定语修饰。mercial意为在网上进行。空格位于ho之后，而且与airlinetickets，carsandhomes构成主语，因此应填universities和宾语researchdata之间，因此应填入动词作谓语。posted意为“发布”，与题意Section【答案】C释义为当作者还是一名大学生时，她发现编织可以帮助她集中注意力。这与段落C中的“AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.founddiscovered的同义转述，题干中的concentrate是对定位句中staysfocusedon的同义转述。【答案】H释义为编织可以帮助人们远离烟草。这与段落H中的“Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit”相符。题干中的stayawayfromtobacco是对定位句中giveupthe【答案】D释义为如今连男士和孩子都加入了编织者的队伍中。这与段落D中的“Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.”相符。题干中的menandchildren是对定位句中menandschoolchildren的同义转述；题干中的joiningthearmyofknitters是对定位句中swellingtheranks的同义转述。【答案】OO中的“Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtoizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.”相符。题干是对定位句的概括归纳。【答案】L释义为编织能转移人们对疼痛的注意力。这与段落L中的“Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.”相符。题干中的divertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain是对定位句中makeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals的同义转述。【答案】B释义为作者在青少年时就学过编织，但是直到年长后，她才对编织非常感兴B中的“Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织),andIwasonmywayto ingahighlyproductivecrafter.”相符。题干中的becamekeenlyinterested是对定位句中washooked的同义转述。【答案】I释义为当人们编织时，吃的零食往往会变少。这与段落I中的“Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredomeatfewersnacks是对定位句中lesssnackingandmindlesseating的同义转述。【答案】F释义为结果显示，编织可以帮助人们减轻压力。这与段落F中的“Sincethe1990sthecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.”相符。题干中的help…relievestress是对定位句中stressrelief的同义转述。【答案】L释义为一项研究发现，编织者和钩织者轻度认知损害的可能性更低。这与段落L中的“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelomildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.”相符。题干中的arelesslikelytosuffer…是对定位句中hadadiminishedchanceofdevelo…的同义转述。【答案】E释义为编织的物品可以增强人们的自尊。这与段落E中的“Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.”相符。题干中的increaseone’ssenseofself-respect是对定位句中enhanceSectionPassage【答案】B事实细节题。根据文中第一段的“Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(贫民窟migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的非洲城市并没有像世界其他地方的城市那样日益富有。据此可知，B项【答案】B推理判断题。根据文中第二段的“MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevel ethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.”可知，与世界其他地区相比，大多数非洲地区的【答案】A事实细节题。根据文中第二段的“WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictabilitythingsthatkeepinvestorsaway”可知，除了南非之外，撒哈拉沙确定性等都让投资者望而却步。据此可知，A项正确。B项不正确，文中未提及。C项不正【答案】C事实细节题。根据文中第三段的“ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.”可知，非洲城市不同，它们大多是建立在消耗自然资源的基础之上，据此可知，C项正确。A、B、D三项不正确，均与文意不符。【答案】D事实细节题。根据文中第四段的“Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.”可知，如果该城市的D项正确。A项不正确，文中是说对征的税。B、C两项不正确，文中未提及。Passage【答案】A事实细节题。根据文中第一段的“Forthepastseveraldecade