系统解剖学课件

内脏学splanchnology人体解剖学与组织胚胎学教授splanchno-内脏splanchnodynia内脏痛内脏学

splanchnology概述

内脏viscera包括消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统内脏一般结构

中空性器官、实质性器官胸部标志线和腹部分区

胸部标志线

腹部分区胸部标志线

前正中线胸骨线锁骨中线胸骨旁线腋前线腋后线腋中线肩胛线后正中线

消化系统AlimentarySystem⒈Alimentarycanal⒉DigestiveglandsInternalStructuresofthemouthⅠInternalStructuresofthemouthⅡSalivaryGlandsandtheirAssociatedDuctsparotitis

NumberandtypesofAdultTeethLocationandTypesofDeciduousTeethpharynx位置和形态（1）位置（2）形态分部（1）鼻咽nasopharynx

（2）口咽Oropharynx（3）喉咽Laryngopharynx

咽壁肌esophagus位置和分部（1）位置（2）分部颈部、胸部、腹部三个狭窄部：第一、食管起始处第二、与左主支气管交叉处第三、通过膈的食管裂孔处LargeIntestineRectum+AnalCanalRectumdescendsintopelvisnoteniaecolilongitudinalmusclelayercompleterectalvalvesAnalCanalpassesthroughlevatoranimusclereleasesmucustolubricatefecesInternalanalsphincterinvoluntary,smoothm.Externalanalsphinctervoluntary,skeletalm.StratifiedsquamosalepitheliumatlowerhalfLiverLargestgland(3lbs)LocationUpperRightQuadrantMostlyunderribcageHighlyvascularSomefunctionsproducebilepickupglucosedetoxifypoison,drugsmakebloodproteinsmanyothersPancreasNamesgivehints!Hepato=liverPancreatico=pancreasCystic=gallbladderGastro=stomachSplenic=spleenAdreno=adrenalglLumbar=lumbarregionEpiploic=membrane-coveredMesenteric=mesenteryDuodenal=duodenumIleo=ileumColic=colonRectal=rectum呼吸系统

RespiratorySystemSkeletalFrameworkofExternalNoseFashionedbythe:NasalandfrontalbonessuperiorlyMaxillaryboneslaterallyPlatesofhyalinecartilage(lateral,septal,andalarcartilages)inferiorly.NasalCavityFloorisformedbythepalate.Hardpalatecontainsportionsofthemaxillaryandpalatinebones.Softpalatelacksbone.Linedby2typesofepithelium.Slit-likesuperiorregionislinedbyolfactoryepithelium.Whatdoesitdo?Therestislinebyrespiratoryepithelium

(pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarwithgobletcells)ItrestsonaCTlayerrichlysuppliedwithmucousandserousglands.LarynxTracheaDescendsfromthelarynxtothemediastinum.Endsbydividingintothe2primarybronchiatmidthorax.Contains3layers:mucosa,submucosa,andadventitiaTrachealmucosacontainspseudostratifiedciliatedepitheliumw/gobletcells.Smokingdestroysrespiratorycilia–necessitatescoughingformucuspropulsionSubmucosacontainsseromucousglands–producethemucusthatlinesthetracheaPleurae泌尿系统UrinarySystemPelviccavityinthefemaleandmale生殖系统ReproductiveSystemMaleReproductiveDuctsFemaleReproductiveSystem腹膜

peritoneum壁腹膜parietalperitoneum脏腹膜visceralperitoneum腹膜腔peritonealcavity腹膜的功能概述腹膜与腹盆腔脏器的关系腹膜内位器官腹膜间位器官腹膜外位器官网膜omentum小网膜

lesseromentum大网膜

greateromentum网膜囊网膜孔

omentalforamenomentalbursa腹膜形成的结构系膜肠系膜

mesentery阑尾系膜

mesoappendix横结肠系膜

transversemesocolon乙状结肠系膜

sigmoidmesocolon

韧带ligament肝的韧带胃的韧带脾的韧带内分泌系统EndocrineSystemENDHemorrhoids:(A),internal;(B),external;(C),mixed;(D),throm