新编外经贸英语函电与谈判Unit06课件

UnitSixContractsContents1.FiveaspectsofEnglishcontracts2.Usefulexpressions3.Typicalsentences4.Specialterms5.Practice6.Homework1.FiveaspectsofEnglishcontracts1.1选词方面多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如：1.1选词方面5)ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofChina.本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe较explain,interpret正式；6)TheEmployermayobjecttoandrequiretheContractortoreplaceforthwithanyofitsauthorizedrepresentativeswhoisincompetent.雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith较atonce正式；7)TheChairpersonmayconveneaninterimmeetingbasedonaproposalmadebyone-thirdofthetotalnumberofdirectors.董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene,interim都是正式用词;1.1选词方面8)Incaseonepartydesirestosellorassignallorpartofitsinvestmentsubscribed,theotherpartyshallhavethepreemptiveright.如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign较transfer正式;9)Inprocessingtransactions,themanufacturersshallneverhavetitleeithertothematerialsorthefinishedproducts.加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。法律用词title较ownership正式；10）Theterm"Effectivedate"meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。法律用词execute较sign正式.1.2用词方面多使用"here"，"there"，"where"等前缀，初学时确实容易搞混，here代表this，there代表that，where代表what/which。hereafter=afterthistime;今后hereby=bymeans/reasonofthis;特此hereof=ofthis;此中，于此hereinafter=laterinthiscontract;在下文thereafter=afterwards;此后，后来thereby=bythatmeans;因此；由此；在那方面therein=fromthat;在那里；在那点上thereinafter=laterinthesamecontract;以下；在下文whereby=bywhat;bywhich;由是；凭那个wherein=inwhat;inwhich;在哪里；在哪点上1.3情态动词多用"shall"代替"will"或"should"加强语气和强制力。合同中，shall并非单纯表示将来时，而常用来表示法律上可强制执行的义务，具有约束力，宜译为“应”、“应该”、“必须”；will无论语气还是强制力要比shall弱，宜译为“将”、“原”、“要”；should通常只用来表示语气较强的假设、比如“万一”。1.3情态动词1)ThisContractshallbecomeeffectiveuponandfromthedateonwhichitissigned.本合同签字之日生效。2)ThisContractshallbewritteninEnglishinfourcopies.Eachpartyshallkeeptwocopies.本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。1.4用语方面1.4.1力求严谨，明白无误：1)ThefollowingdocumentsshallbedeemedtoformandbereadandconstruedasanintegralpartofthisContract.下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分；2)ThisContractcanonlybealtered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedbyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补；3)AllactivitiesofABCCo.shallbegovernedbythelaws,decreesandpertinentrulesandregulationsofChina.ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。1.4用语方面1.4.3多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项：e.g.LicensorfailstoperformitsobligationsunderthisContract.许可人未能履行其合同义务。1.4用语方面1.4.4直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少：1)ThisArticledoesnotapplytobondholderswhohavenotbeenpaidinfull.（×）本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。2)ThisArticleappliesonlytobondholderswhohavebeenpaidinfull.（√）本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。1.4用语方面1.4.5尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语：1)PartyAshallmakeanappointmentofitsrepresentativewithin30daysaftersigningtheContract.甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替makeanappointmentof.2)PartyAwillgiveconsiderationtoPartyB’sproposalofexclusiveagency.甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替giveconsiderationto.2.Usefulexpressionscontract合同，订立合同contractor订约人，承包人contractual合同的，契约的tomakeacontract签订合同toplaceacontract订合同toenterintoacontract订合同tosignacontract签合同todrawupacontract拟订合同todraftacontract起草合同togetacontract得到合同2.Usefulexpressionstolandacontract得到(拥有)合同tocountersignacontract会签合同torepeatacontract重复合同anexecutorycontract尚待执行的合同anicefatcontract一个很有利的合同originalsofthecontract合同正本copiesofthecontract合同副本awrittencontract书面合同tomakesomeconcession做某些让步contractterms(orcontractclause)合同条款2.Usefulexpressionscontractprovisions/stipulations合同规定contractperiod(orcontractterm)合同期限contractlife合同有效期tobestipulatedinthecontract在合同中予以规定tobelaiddowninthecontract在合同中列明tobringacontractintoeffect使合同生效tocomeintoeffect生效togo(enter)intoforce生效toceasetobeineffect/force失效tocarryoutacontract执行合同2.Usefulexpressionstoabidebythecontract遵守合同contractofemployment雇佣合同contractofcarriage运输合同contractofarbitration仲裁合同contractforpurchase采购合同contractforservice劳务合同contractofsale销售合同contractofinsurance保险合同along-termcontract长期合同ashort-termcontract短期合同3.Typicalsentences1）ThecontractismadeoutinEnglishandChineselanguagesinquadruplicate,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic,andeachPartyshallholdtwocopiesofeachtext.本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。3.Typicalsentences2）ThiscontractissignedbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartiesonDec.9,1999.Aftersigningthecontract,bothpartiesshallapplytotheirrespectiveGovernmentAuthoritiesforratification.ThedateofratificationlastobtainedshallbetakenastheeffectivedateoftheContract.Bothpartiesshallexerttheirutmosteffortstoobtaintheratificationwithin60daysandshalladvisetheotherpartybytelexandthereaftersendaregisteredletterforconfirmation本合同由双方代表于1999年12月9日签订。合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用信件确认。3.Typicalsentences4）Theoutstanding(未了的)claimsandliabilities（债权和债务）existingbetweenbothpartiesontheexpiryofthevalidityofthecontractshallnotbeinfluencedbytheexpirationofthiscontract.Thedebtorshallbekeptliableuntilthedebtorfullypaysuphisdebtstothecreditor.本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。

4.Specialterms4.1partialshipment分批装运是国际贸易的术语，不能称为分批装船或其他，因为装运方式可以是航空（空运）。所谓分批装运，是指一笔成交的货物，分若干批装运。国际贸易的合同或信用证往往有一项清晰的条款明确规定分批装运是否被允许，如果违反该条款，可以导致买方不付货款或者不完全付清货款。5.Practice1.Wearesatisfiedwiththetermsofthiscontractforthemostpart,butwefeelthatyourtermsofpaymentaretoosevere.对合同的条款，我们大致上满意。但是你们的付款条件似乎太苛刻了。2.Wewouldliketohaveanotherdiscussionoftheseconditionsintheafternoonbeforetherearefinallyincludedinthecontract.在最后列入合同前，我想下午再议一下这几条条款。3.Beforesigningthecontractthisafternoon,Ithinkwebettergooverfewfinaldetails.下午签署合同之前，我想我们最好再过一遍最后几个细节。4.We'dbetterdrawuparoughdrafttothecontractthentalkitoverindetailatournextmeeting.我们最好先草拟一份契约草案，等下次见面时再讨论细节。5.Thisisacopyofourspecimencontractinwhichthegeneralsalestermsandconditionsarecontained.这是我们起草的一份合同样本，里面有一般的销售条件。5.Practice6.Wehopethatyouwon‘tobjecttoourinsertingsuchaclauseintheagreement.希望贵方不会反对我方在协议中加进这一条款。7.Ifanyotherclauseinthiscontractisinconflictwiththesupplementaryconditionsthesupplementaryconditionsshouldbetakenasfinalandbinding.本合同其它任何条款如与本附加条款有抵触时，以本附加条款为准。8.Wethinkitisnecessarytoincludeaforcemajeureclauseinthiscontract.我们认为合同中加进不可抗力这一条款很有必要。9.在研究了贵方草拟的合同之后，我方发现有几处有必要更改。Afterstudyingyourdraftcontractwefounditnecessarytomakeafewchange.10.既然我们双方一致同意所有的条款，那我们现在就签约好吗?Sincebothofusareinagreementonallthetermsshallwesignthecontractnow?

5.Practice11.我方认为贵方草拟的合同需要做一些修改。Wethinkyourdrawcontractneedssomemodification.12.未经双方同意，不可对合同任何修改。Anymodificationalterationtothecontractshallbemadewiththeconsentofbothparties.13.我们必须在合同中明确，贵方有责任在合同规定交货期内完成交货。Wemustmakeitclearinthecontractthatyouareobligedtocompletethedeliveryofthegoodwithinthecontractualtimeofshipment.

14.如不能按原规定在3个月内交货，合同则作废。Iftheshipmentcannotbemadewithinthreemonthasstipulated,thecontractwillbecomevoid.15.本协议用中、英文再种文字写就，协议的两种文本具有同等法律效力。ThisagreementismadebothinChineseandEnglish.Thetwoversionsofagreementshallhaveequalstatusinlaw.

16.Anyamendmentofthecontractshallcometoforceonlyafterthewrittenagreementissignedbybothofus.合约的任何修改都应该经过我们双方书面同意以后方可生效。17.Thecontractshallbecomeeffectiveassoonasitsignedbybothparties.本合同经双方签字后立即生效。18.Ifneitherpartyconsidersitisnecessarytoextendthecontracttheproposingpartymaytaketheinitiativetoconductnegotiationwiththeotherpartyonemonthpriortoitsexpiration.如果任何一方认为没有必要续延本合同，建议方应在合同到期日前一个月主动安排和对方的谈判。19.Incaseofbreachofanyoftheprovisionsofthisagreementbyoneparty,theotherparty