教学设计 八下unit1

Unit1Ⅰ能够表示动作将要发生的时态⑴一般现在时。1）它表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况。常常要加一个表示未来时间的状语。Whendoesthewinterholidaybegin？WhattimedoesthetrainleaveforShanghai？Isthereafilmtonight？TomorrowisSaturday．Schoolbeginsthedayaftertomorrow．但这种用法只限于少数动词，如：begin，come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，end，stop，open，close，take，be等。2)在时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时也可用来表示将来的动作。Youwillpasstheexamsifyouworkhard．⑵现在进行时注意：时间必须指出或在前文中已经指出，不然就可能造成现在时与将来时之间的混淆。1）现在进行时可以表示对最近的将来的确定的安排：I’mtakinganexaminOctober．BobandBillaremeetingtonight．这句意指鲍勃和比尔已作了会面的安排。如仅仅表示意图，则要用begoingto形式。2）但是，表示从一个地方运动到另一个地方的动词如arrive，come，drive，fly，go，leave，start，travel，表示位置的动词如stay和动词do与have（表示吃、喝），它们的现在进行时形式的用法就比较广泛，可以表示没有具体安排好细节的决定或计划。⑶begoingtodo结构1)begoingto表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有已做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用begoingto表达的行动很可能会见诸实施，虽然不具现在进行时所表示的对将来的确定的安排的概念。请注意以下几点：①如前所述，begoingto结构带时间状语可以用来表示最近将来的行动。在这种情况下，它可用来代替现在进行时。可以说：I’mmeetingTomatthestationatsix．我6点钟到车站接汤姆。I’mgoingtomeetTomatthestationatsix．我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。注意：I’mmeetingTom含有和汤姆约好的意思，而I’mgoingtomeetTom则没有，我去后汤姆可能会感到意外。②想强调主语的意图时，begoingto结构可以与时间从句连用。Heisgoingtobeadentistwhenhegrowsup．Whatareyougoingtodowhenyouhavetime？然而，通常是一般将来时（shall／will）和时间从句连用。③begoingto结构可以不和时间连用：I’mgoingtobuyagiftformymother．Heisgoingtolendmehisbicycle．这里通常指的是即将进行或在最近将来进行的动作。④如上面②中所看到的，begoingto结构可以与动词be连用。有时也跟通常不能用进行时的动词连用：Iamgoingtothinkaboutit．I’msureI’mgoingtolikeit．⑤注意：一般不常把动词go和come用于begoingto结构中，而常用现在进行时来代替begoingto结构，即通常不用I’mgoingtogo而用Iamgoing，不用Iamgoingtocome而用Iamcoming。⑵begoingto结构可以表示通过某种迹象可以推测出即将发生的动作。Lookatthoseclouds！It’sgoingtorain．Listentothewind．We’regoingtohaveacoldday．begoingto结构在动词besure／afraid，believe，think之后都可以这样用：Howpale(苍白)thatgirlis！Iamsure／Ibelieve／Ithinksheisgoingtofaint(昏倒)．⑷一般将来时的用法1)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假定和推测的句子中常由动词beafraid，be／feelsure，believe,expect，hope，know，suppose，think，wonder等来引导或与副词perhaps，possibly，probably等连用，但也可以不用这些副词：①（I’msure）he’llcomeback．②（Isuppose）they’llsellthehouse．③（Perhaps）we’llfindhimatthehotel．④They’ll（probably）waitforus．2)一般将来时可以与时间连用，也可以不连用。这里有时也可以用begoingto，但后一种用法使动作的可能性显得更大些，而且如果没有时间时动作可能会发生得更快些。He’llbuildahouse（他要盖房子）仅意指这是我的看法而不含有什么时候开始盖房子的概念。但He’sgoingtobuildahouse（他打算盖房子）则意指他已经做出决定，很可能不久将着手盖。2)一般将来时用来表示通常认为将要有的习惯性动作：①Springwillcomeagain．②Birdswillbuildnests．③Peoplewillmakeplans．④Othermenwillclimbthesestairsandsitatmydesk．3)一般将来时常用在带条件从句、时间从句的句子中，有时用在带目的从句的句子中：IfIdropthisglassitwillbreak．如果我把这个杯子掉到地上，它就会摔碎。Whenitgetswarmerthesnowwillstarttomelt．天气变暖时，雪开始融化。注意：在if从句或时间从句中，即使句子是指将来，也不用将来时：不能说：I'lltelephoneyouifIwillcome.而要说：I'lltelephoneyouifIcome.不能说：IamgoingtobuyacomputerwhenIwillarriveinBeijing.而要说：IamgoingtobuyacomputerwhenIarriveinBeijing.⑸比较begoingto与willbegoingto与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但用法还是不同的。⑴begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.⑵begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.⑶begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.⑷在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Hewillhelpyouifyouareintrouble.注意：对于上述时态的用法，我们只要知道能够表示动作即将发生的时态有“一般现在时”、“现在进行时”、“begoingtodo结构”、“一般将来时”即可，而它们的具体用法了解即可而不需掌握。但对于那些基础好的同学，可以多读读。II句型⑴一般将来时的句子结构肯定句：Peoplewillhaverobotsinthefuture.Therewillbemoretreesandlesspollution.否定句：Peoplewon'tusemoney.Therewon'tbeanyschoolsinthefuture.一般疑问句：-Willpeopleusemoneyin100years?-Yes,theywill.No,theywon't.-Willtherebeanyrobotsinourhomes?-Yes,therewill.No,therewon't.特殊疑问句：WhatwillSallybeinfiveyears?⑵原因状语从句(because...)I'llliveinShanghai,becauseIwenttoShanghailastyearandfellinlovewithit.⑶定语从句Therearemanyfamouspredictionsthatnevercametrue.⑷宾语从句Ithinktherewillbemorepollution.Hethoughtthatcomputerswouldneverbeusedbymostpeople.Theheadpredictedthatnoonewouldwanttoseeactorstalk.Ⅲ词汇（以页码先后顺序为准）P21free⑴adj.notbusy,notworking,etc.不忙的，空闲的Willyoubefreethisafternoon?Ishallnotbefreeuntilfiveo'clock.Hehadnofreetime.⑵adj.thatcostsnothing.免费的，免税的Theparksinthecityareusuallyfreeexceptonholidays.Youmayhavefreeuseofmyhousethissummer.2oncomuters,onpaperKidswon'tgotoschool.They'llstudyathomeoncomputers.Bookswillbeonlyoncomputers,notonpaper.-MayIuseyourcomputer?-Sorry,butIhavetoworkonitnow.3learn与study的比较⑴learn一般侧重学习成果，因此，可译为"学会"、"学到"；而study则侧重学习过程。IlearnttodriveacarwhenIwassixteenyearsold.Whatsubjectsdoyouusuallystudyatyourschool?⑵learn一般用于"从不知到知、不会到会"的初级学习阶段或有模仿性的操作技艺等；study则用于比较高深或周密的学习研究。FatheroftenhelpsmelearnEnglishwhenhe'sfree.Scientistsarenowstudyinghowtomakerobotsdothesamethingsasaperson.⑶"向……学习"应该说"learnfromsb."，而不能说"studyfromsb."WeshouldlearnfromComradeLeiFeng.⑷在某学校"读书"、"念书"要用study，而不能用learn。Whichschooldoesyourbrotherstudyin?⑸learn还有"知道"、"听说"之意，而study没有这些意思。IlearntthattherearemanypeoplewhocanspeakFrenchinCanada.4onlyTherewillonlybeonecountry.=Therewillbeonlyonecountry.5livetobeIt'ssaidthatatortoise（龟）canlivetobehundredsofyearsold.6intenyears,aftertenyears,tenyearslater⑴intenyears用于一般将来时态的句子中；而aftertenyears，tenyearslater则用于一般过去时态的句子中。Whatwillyouwanttobeintenyears?BillGatesleftcollegeathistwenties.Hebecameafamouscomputerscientistaftertwentyyears.In1989,MrGreenwenttoNewYorkCity.Tenyearslater,hesetuphiscompany.⑵对intenyears划线，用Howsoon提问；对aftertenyears,tenyearslater划线，用When提问。Iwillcomebackintenyears.—Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Helearnedtodancetenyearslater.—Whendidhelearntodance?P31不定数量词比较级：many,much—more,few—fewer,little—less=同义词<—>反义词—>引申⑴alotof,lotsof后接复数可数名词或不可数名词，通常用于肯定句。在否定句中，“很多”的意思，通常由“many”或“much”表示。Alotofpeopledon'thavemuchfreetimetoday.⑵many后接复数可数名词，much后接不可数名词，这两个词的比较级是more。Tomorrowismygrandmother'sbirthday.Motherboughtmanyvegetablesandmuchfruit.Ibelievetherewillbemorepeoplelivingonthemooninthefuture.⑶few，afew后接复数可数名词。few表示否定的含义，“没有几个”的意思；afew表示肯定的含义，“有几个”的意思。few的比较级是fewer，“更少”的意思。Jimisnewhere.Fewpeopleknowhim.LastSunday,Imetafewfamoussoccerplayersatasupermarket.Therearefewerpeopleinthecountrysidethaninthecity.⑷little,alittle后接不可数名词。little表示否定的含义，“没有几个”的意思；alittle表示肯定的含义，“有几个”的意思。little的比较级是less，“更少”的意思。Ihavelittlemoneywithme.Ican'taffordtobuysuchanexpensivesuit.HeisJapanese.HeknowsonlyalittleChinese.Ihavelessfreetimenowthanbefore.⑸some和any都可以表示“一些”的意思，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词。some通常用在肯定句和特殊疑问句中。Thereareoftensomeoldpeopledoingsportsinthepark.WheremayIfindsomebooksaboutEnglish？而any则用在否定句和一般疑问句中。Robotscientiststhinkthatpeoplewon'tneedtodoanysimplejobsinthefuture.Willtherebeanydifficultproblemsontomorrow'sEnglishtestpaper?some有时也可以用于一般疑问句中，具体情形如下：①表示请求或建议语气。-CouldIborrowsomebooksfromtheschoollibrary?-Sorry,thebooksheremustn'tbelenttothestudents.-Wouldyoulikesometeawithmilk?-Yes,please.②期望得到肯定回答的问句。WereyoumakingsomedumplingswhenIarrivedyesterday?⑹no表示否定的含义，意为“没有”，相当于nota/an，notany，后接可数名词或不可数名词。Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon.也可以写成Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.）Therewillbenofarmersinthefuturebecausefoodwillbeabletobemadeinfactories.2much和alittle可以表示程度，修饰动词并放在所修饰的动词的后面。more和less用法亦如此。Thankyouverymuchforanswermyquestions.Ithinkhecanlikeyoualittle.Peoplewillusethesubwaysmoreanddrivecarsless.P4inhighschool（念中学）,incollege（念大学）注意：因为这两个短语都是表示抽象的活动，所以名词前无冠词。Mr.Greenworksinahighschool.Hisdaughterisincollegeandhissonisinhighschool.P5,P871Iliveinanapartmentacrossthestreetfromhere.他住在这街对面的一个公寓里。across...from.../acrossfrom2Isthatapictureofyou?那是你的相片吗？（相片中的人物是you）Isthatapictureofyours?那是你的相片吗？（you搜集的相片，相片中的人物不一定是you)3I'llflyrocketstothemoon.我要驾驶火箭去月球。fly驾驶飞行器，如：Mydreamjobistoflyaplaneinthesky.4I'llliveonaspacestation.Therewillbeflightstootherplanets.P61前面不加介词的时间状语。⑴yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,thedaybeforeyesterday⑵lastyear,lastmonth,lastDecember,lastweek,lastweekend,lastSunday,lastnight,lasttime,theyearbeforelast,themonthbeforelast,theweekbeforelast...⑶today,tonight⑷thismorning,thisafternoon,thisevening,thisyear,thismonth,thisJanuary,thisweek,thisweekend,thisFriday,thistime⑸tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,tomorrowafternoon,tomorrowevening,thedayaftertomorrow⑹nextyear,nextmonth,nextJanuary,nextweek,nextFriday,nextweekend,nexttime,theyearafternext⑺everyday,everymorning,everyafternoon,everyevening,everyweek,everymonth,everyyear2fallinlovewithIfellinlovewithdrawingwhenIwasachild.Ibelievehewillfallinlovewiththissport.3as作为Asastudent,youmustworkhardtoimproveyourgrades.Myfatherworkedasafarmerwhenhewasalive.4alone⑴adj.apartfromothers单独的Hisparentsareverybusyeveryday,sohehastobealoneathome.⑵adv.withnootherpeople单独，独自地Itwastoodark.Hedarenotgohomealone.Theoldmanhasnofamily.Helivesinasmallhousealone.5might⑴表示请求语气，比may更加委婉。-MightIsmokehere?-Ofcourse,youcan.Sorry,youcan't.⑵表示推测，可能性比may要小。否定形式用can't.Imightworkinacomputercompanyoneday.6keepHehasawifeandfamilytokeep.Chickensmustn'tbekeptintheapartment.7duringYoumustn'ttalkorearduringtheclass.8looksmartYouneedtolooksmartforajobinterview.9puton,wear,dress,in⑴puton表示穿的动作，“穿上”，反义短语为takeoff。It'stoocoldoutside.Youshouldputonyourcoat.Thepantsaretoosmallformetoputon.⑵wear表示穿的状态，“穿着，穿”。-Whatcolorclothesdoesthelostchildwear?-HewearsawhiteT-shirtandbluejeans.Motheroftenwearsauniformtowork.⑶dress①vi.穿Heoftendressesverycasually.②vt.给……穿衣服Motherisdressingherbaby.Hecoulddresshimselfwhenhewastwoyearsold.③dresssbinMrs.Greendressedherdaughterinabeautifuldress.④bedressedin=bein=wearHeisalwaysdressedinhisbluesuit.⑷in穿着，戴着①in+服装名词He'sinaredjacket.Doyouknowtheboyinabluecap?②in+颜色名词，表示穿着某种颜色的服装。Nursesareusuallycalledangelsinwhite.Thegirllikestobeinred.10oneday有一天⑴用于一般过去时态的句子中。Oneday,Imetoneofmyoldfriendsinasupermarket.Hewasbuyingsportsshoesforhisson.IwillgotovisittheUnitedStatesoneday.11Thispapersays"I'llbeanengineerintenyears."事物作主语，say作“写道”讲。Thelettersayshewillhavetostudyfortheexams.12win⑴vi.获胜TheChinesesoccerteamwonatlast.⑵vt.赢得Ourschoolteamdidn'twinthebasketballgame.JimwonthefirstplaceintheChinesespeechcontest.Liwontheprizeof5,000yuanforhisbestgrades.Whichmovieswillwinawardsnextyear?It'simpossibleforChinesesoccerteamtowintheWorldCupintensofyear.13-Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?-Ithinkit'llbesunnybutalittlecold.14Whatwillteenagersdoforfuntwentyyearsfromnow?⑴forfun为了开心；闹玩Heoftenplayscomputergamesforfun.Iwasn'tserious.Ididitjustforfun.⑵twentyyearsfromnow今后20年,intwentyyears20年后P71foroneself为了自己；亲自；独自Youshouldworkhardforyourselfandyourfamily.Couldyoucomeoverandseeforyourself?He'stooyoungtofinishsuchworkforhimself.2Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.动词作主语，通常写成动名词或动词不定式形式。此句也可写成：Itcanbedifficulttopredictthefuture.动名词及动词不定式作主语，动词应为单数形式。Doingsuchsimplejobsisalwaysboring.Totellthetruthisn'taneasyjob.3Therearemanyfamouspredictionsthatnevercametrue.⑴prediction是predict的名词形式，为可数名词。Hispredictionsabouttheworldsoundveryfunny.⑵cometrue实现，主语通常为dreams,predictions等。Iwishmydreamwouldcometrue.4Theheadpredictedthatnoonewouldwanttoseeactorstalk.⑴would+动词原形，为“过去将来时态”的肯定句的句子结构。would为will的过去式。Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty.Ithoughtthatitwouldrain.⑵感官动词（see,lookat,hear,listento,watch,feel）+宾语+动词原形，表明宾语补足语中的动词动作经常发生或是已经结束。Ioftenseetheoldmandosportsintheparkeverymorning.Isawhimfalloffthetreejustnow.感官动词+宾语+现在分词，表明宾语补足语中的动词动作正在发生。Isawagroupofchildrenplayingsoccerinthestreet.5Hethoughtthatcomputerswouldneverbeusedbymostpeople.⑴thought+宾语从句，意为“当时认为；本以为”。HethoughtthatIwouldn'tgotohelphim.Wethoughtthathewasagoodstudent.⑵beusedby被……使用ThedeskwasusedbyLuXun.Ican'tlendmycomputertoyou,becauseitisusedbymybrother.⑶most①adj.形容词many和much的最高级，意为“最多的”。Hehasthemostmoneyofusthree.Chinahasthemostkindsofanimalsandplantsintheworld.②adj.大多数的，绝大部分的Insummer,mostpeopleliketravelinginthenorthofChina.HespendshismosttimeworkinghardonEnglish.③adv.在双音节和多音节的形容词前构成最高级，意为“最”。Mr.Greenisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.④n.绝大部分，大多数Mostofthestudentsinourclassarefromthecountryside.Ienjoylisteningtomostofhissongs.6-Whatdoyouthinkyourlifewillbelikenextmonth?-Mylifewillbealotbetterthanitisnow.P81Doyouthinkyouwillhaveyourownrobot?own ⑴adj.自己的Hehopestohavehisownhouse.Isawhimsavethatboywithmyowneyes.⑵vt.拥有TherichmanownsthebiggestcompanyintheUSA.2Insomesciencefictionmovies,peopleinthefuturehavetheirownrobots.⑴fiction①n.小说Factisstrangerthanfiction.②n.杜撰的事情，虚构，想象Thestoryiscompletelyfiction.本故事纯属虚构。⑵试比较Insomesciencefictionmovies,peopleinthefuturehavetheirownrobots.Peoplewillhavetheirownrobotsinthefuture.前者是电影中的事实，故用一般现在时；而后者是对将来的推测，故用一般将来时。3Theserobotsarejustlikehumans.like⑴vt.喜欢Helikesthesamethingsasme.⑵prep.像……一样，例如Helooksjustlikeachild.Helooksmorelikehismother.Youshouldeatmorehotyangfoodlikebeef.4Theyhelpwiththehouseworkanddothemostunpleasantjobs.⑴help①helpsb（to）dosth.Youshouldhelpyourparents（to）dohousework.②help(to)dosth.Willyoupleasehelp(to)lookforthelostchild?③helpsbwihtsth.Theyalwayshelpuswithourschoolwork.④hepwithsth.I'mafraidIcan'thelpwithyourphysicsbecauseI'mnotgoodatit.⑵happy,pleasant,unhappy,unpleasant①happy愉快的；pleasant令人感到愉快的Thepleasanttripmadeusveryhappy.②unhappy不愉快的；unpleasant令人感到不愉快的He'sveryunhappyeverydaybecausehehastodosomeunpleasantjobs.5...therewillbesuchrobotsinthefuture.such⑴such+名词Ididn'tknowthathewassuchaperson.Suchfoodisbadforyourhealth.Hewouldliketodosuchjobs.⑵such+形容词+名词Heissuchaclevermanthateveryonelikestoworkwithhim.Ihavenevereatensuchdeliciousfood.Haveyouseensuchbeautifulflowersbefore?※如果这类结构中，形容词是表示数量的many,much,few,little，则通常用so，而不用such。Asyousee,Ihavetodosomuchhomeworkeveryday./Youdon'thaveenoughtimetosaysomanywordsatthemeeting.Hehassofewfriendsthathefeelslonelyallthetime.Hehadsolittlemoneythathecouldn'taffordanything.6However,theyagreeitmaytakehundredsofyears.⑴take花费（时间）ThetrainridetothebeachtookusabouttwohoursItwilltakeyoutwodaystofinishthedifficultwork.⑵hundredsof几百，成百上千，虚数；如果hundred前有具体的数词时，则不可以变成复数，后面也没有of，如，twohundredstudents。类似的短语还有tensof,thousandsof,millionsof等。7Scientistsarenowtryingtomakerobotslooklikepeopleanddothesamethingsasus.⑴trytodosth努力做某事WearetryingtoimproveourEnglish.⑵makesb./sth.dosth，使（让）某人或某物做某事。Theheavyrainmadeusstayathome.Canyoumakethepenwritebetter?※“让某人做某事”的短语，还有letsbdosth，asksbtodosth，tellsbtodosth。⑶thesame...as...和……一样的……Shelikestowearthesameclothesashersister.8Thiskindofrobotwillalsobefuntowatch.⑴thiskindof后通常接单数名词，当然复数名词也可接。做主语时无论名词是单数还是复数，动词都用单数。Thiskindofbeerispopularwithus.ThiskindofflowersgrowsinthesouthofChina.⑵主语+be+adj.+todoThisquestionisveryeasytoanswer.Theworkisdifficulttofinish.9...itwillbedifficultforarobottodothesamethingsasaperson....,it'seasyforachildtowakeupandknowwheretheyare.10...robotswon'tbeabletodothis.beableto和can⑴can只用于一般现在时及一般过去时，beableto适用的时态要比can多。HecouldspeakEnglishwhenhewastwoyearsold.Youwillbeabletohavemoretimetorelax.⑵can表示推测，“可能”的意思；而beableto没有这个含义。He