考研英语模拟18

［模拟］考研英语模拟18

多项填空

Onthenet,grammarchangesarepunishedby

⑴______

Themassivepotentialreadership,thealmostfreepublicationand

theeaseinputtingwordsonlinemeanthatliterarymagazines

⑵—

Whatisthenameofthecolumnmentionedinthemagazine

SweetFancyMoses?

⑶______

HowmanytimeshasthesciencefictionDownandOutinthe

MagicKingdombeendownloaded?

(4)._

Online,theolderandmoreestablishedwritersare

⑸—

［听力原文］

Writingisdead,theysay.TheInternetkilledit;peoplerelyonspell

checkersandgrammarchangesarepunishedbygreenwavylines.

Infact,ifyouweretolistentothecriticsyoucouldbeforgiven

forthinkingtheInternetisnotjustaculturalwasteland,butavacuum

一itsuckstheverysoulofcivilizationandartoutoftheuser.

Well,maybebefore.Butnow,withtheInternetfirmlyinthe

majorityofhomes,thewebisseeinganewburstofold-fashionedliterary

effort.Writing,itseems,isverymuchaliveandwellontheweb.

Themassivepotentialreadership,thealmostfreepublication,and

theeaseinputtingwordsonline,combined,meanthatliterarymagazines,

whicharepracticallyprofit-freeinprintedform,arebloomingacross

theweb.

SitessuchasTheSimonandTheMorningNewsofferdailyessays.

MagazineSweetFancyMoseshasacolumn“Wherewitlives”.Thereare

literaryjournalscoveringeverystyle,everycountryandcertainlyevery

citybigenoughtohaveascene.

Otherestablishedwritersaretakingadvantageofthecheapandeasy-

publishingsystems.

Lastweek,thesciencefictionauthorCoryDoctorowannouncedthat

thefreeversionofhislatestnovel,DownandOutintheMagicKingdom,

i

hasbeendownloadedmorethan100,000times.

WiththeInternet,thingscanbereadalmostanywhereontheplanet.

Thecontributionscomefromstrangersandareinfluencedbywriterswho,

onlyafewyearsago,youwouldhaveneverhadthechancetohearof.

Ofcourse,theolder,moreestablished,usuallydead,writersare

fullyrepresentedonline.Infact,thankstothefactthatcopyright

restrictionsexpirewhenaworkreachesacertainage,many

siteshavegrownupofferingfreeonlineversionsofclassictexts.

第1题：

参考答案：

greenwavylines

详细解答：

第2题：

参考答案：

areblooming

详细解答：

第3题：

参考答案：

Wherewitlives

详细解答：

第4题：

参考答案：

Over100,000times

详细解答：

第5题：

参考答案:

2

fullyrepresented

详细解答：

WhatdomothersusuallyreceiveonMother'sDay?

(6)______

Challengesfacedbyaveragewomenincludeworkandfamily

pressures,hormonalchangesand

⑺—

Forwomenwithchronicsleepproblems,healthriskscanbe(8)

Sleeplosscanalsohinderawoman，sabilityto

(9)______

Adequatesleepisespeciallyimportantinhelpingmoms

preservepeacefulrelationshipswiththeir

(10)

a

［听力原文］

SundayMay11isMother，sDay.Skiptheflowersandchocolatesthistime.

Whatdomumsreallyneed?Sleep!

Womenfacespecificchallenges：workandfamilypressures,hormonal

changes,certainillnessesand,inthecaseofnewmums,enhanced

sensitivitytosound.Allofthesecandisruptsleepandcontributeto

sleeploss.

Forwomenwithchronicsleepproblems,healthriskscanbe

significant.Theseincludeincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandobesity,

decreasedabilitytohandlejobandhouseholdresponsibilities,and

relationshipproblems.

AccordingtoaUSNationalSleepFoundationsurvey,theaverage

womangetsalittleoversixandahalfhoursofsleeppernightduring

theworkweek.

“Manywomen,particularlyworkingmoms,existinaconstantstate

ofsleepiness,“saidSuzanneGriffin,assistantprofessorofpsychiatry

atGeorgetownUniversityHospitalinWashington,DC,andmotheroftwo

children.

Thereareseveralgender-specificconditionsthatcontributeto

widespreadsleeplossamongwomen.Specifically,sleepisaffectedby

biologicalfactorssuchashormonechanges.

Mostwomenwithchildrenalsodevelopahighsensitivitytothe

soundsoftheirchildren,whichcausesthemtowakeupeasily.

Sleeplosscanalsohinderawoman'sabilitytoperformdaily

3

activitiesandmayalsohaveaneffectonherrelationships.

“Adequatesleepiscriticalforwomenofallagesandisespecially

importantinhelpingmomsperformdailyactivitiesandpreservepeaceful

relationshipswiththeirspouseandchildren,“saidDrGriffin.

“Mother'sDayisagreatopportunitytotakeabreakandgetagood

night，ssleep.Itisimportant,however,forthosewhoexperiencesleep

disturbancesformorethanafewweekstoseetheirdoctoranddiscuss

theproblem.”

第6题:

参考答案:

Flowersandchocolates

详细解答：

第7题：

参考答案：

certainillnesses

详细解答：

第8题：

参考答案：

significant

详细解答：

第9题：

参考答案：

performdailyactivities

详细解答:

第10题:

参考答案:

4

spouseandchildren

详细解答:

SomeUSresearcherssaythatvitaminsupplements

cannotcorrect

(11)_

Highdosesofvitaminsandmineralscouldincreasethe

(12)

Expertssaythattodayvitamindeficienciesarealmost

(13)______

Researchersareconcernedwiththequestionsconcerning

multivitaminstakenby

(14)______

Peoplearelesslikelytodevelopdiseaseiftheyconsumemore

(15)______

a

［听力原文］

Vitaminsaremeanttoimprovepeople*simmunesystems,andwiththespread

ofSARSmanyChinesearetakingvitaminsA,C,andEeveryday.

ButsomeUSresearcherssaythatvitaminsupplementscannotcorrect

apoordiet,andthatmultivitaminshavenotbeenshowntopreventany

disease.Itisalsoeasyforhighdosesofcertainvitaminsandminerals

toactuallyincreasetheriskofdisease.

Expertssaytheyarenolongerconcernedaboutvitamindeficiencies.

Thosearealmostunheardoftoday,evenwiththepopulationeatingfewer

fruitsandvegetables.Instead,theconcerniswiththedangersofvitamin

excess.

Researcherssaythequestionsinvolvemultivitaminstakenby

healthypeople,notspecificvitaminsormineralstakenbygroupswith

specificneeds.

Someelderlypeople,forexample,maybedeficientinvitaminB

becausetheylosetheirabilitytoabsorbitfromfoods.

PeoplewhospendlittletimeoutdoorsmayrequirevitaminD,which

theskinmakeswhenitisexposedtosunlight.Evenwhenolderpeopleare

inthesun,agingskinlosesmuchofitsabilitytocreatethevitamin.

Formostpeople,however,theissueisnotdeficits.Instead,

nutritionresearchersask：Dopeopleeatingrelativelyhealthydietswith

freshfruitsandvegetablesandnottoomanycaloriesorfatsbenefitfrom

multivitaminsorothersupplements?Dothosewithverybaddietsmakeup

5

forsomedeficitsiftheytakemultivitaminpills

aIfyoueatjunkfoodeveryday,vitaminsaretheleastofyour

problems,“saidDrCaballero."Youcannotreplaceahealthydiet.Wedon't

knowwhatingredientinahealthydietisresponsibleforwhichcondition.

Wedoknowthatpeoplewhoconsumemorefruitsandvegetableshave

lessdisease.Butwedon'tknowwhichingredienthelps.

Peoplearelookingforthemagicbullet.Itdoesnotexist.”

第11题：

参考答案：

apoordiet

详细解答：

第12题:

参考答案：

riskofdisease

详细解答：

第13题:

参考答案：

unheard

详细解答：

第14题：

参考答案：

healthypeople

详细解答：

第15题:

参考答案：

fruitsandvegetables

6

详细解答:

多项选择

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas

usteeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,

makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthe

truth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.And

therearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffecton

theeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicy

todrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirror

andafaultysteeringwheel.

Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehad

muchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrial

economiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin

30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongway

belowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970s

andearly1980s.

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate

1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaid

thatAmerica/sinflationratewouldaverageonlyabout3.5%in1995.In

fact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout

3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunning

halfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.

Thisisnoflashinthepan,overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhas

beenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

Economistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourable

inflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventional

measuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica，s,have

littleproductiveslack.America，scapacityutilization,forexample,hit

historicallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%

inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateof

unemployment一theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanation

is,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethat

powerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomic

modelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthand

inflation.

a

第16题:

7

Fromthepassagewelearnthat.

A.thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterest

rates

B.economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels

C.theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

D.economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation

参考答案：C

答案解析：

第17题：

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar.

B.Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.

C.Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.

D.Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第18题：

Thesentence"Thisisnoflashinthepanv(line5,paragraph3)means

that.

A.thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime

B.theinflationratewillsoonrise

C.theinflationwilldisappearquickly

D.thereisnoinflationatpresent

参考答案：A

答案解析：

第19题：

Thepassageshowsthattheauthoristhepresentsituation.

A.criticalof

B.puzzledby

C.disappointedat

D.amazedat

参考答案：D

答案解析：

8

Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waning

prosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotry

topreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddle

classesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Inaprosperouscommunity,onthe

otherhand,politesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrich,andinEngland

therehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthem

themannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.

Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:basic

moralduties；practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency；andartificial,

optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheirbeauty

orsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.

Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespect

forage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresence

ofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania,theyoungmenbowasthey

passthehutsoftheelders.InEngland,untilaboutacenturyago,young

childrendidnotsitintheirparents，presencewithoutaskingpermission.

Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesof

sociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctions

sothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinvention

ofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptasclean

aspossible,beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquette

suggestedthatafterspitting,apersonshouldrubthespit

inconspicuouslyunderfoot.

Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartof

graciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealth

andleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.Afterthe

fallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivate

liftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewas

twelfth-centuryProvence,inFrance.

Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheir

castlesfromthecrusades,andtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewup,which

emphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknight

shouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliant

deeds,thoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswasthe

introductionoftheconceptofromanticlove,whichwastoinfluence

literatureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebased

forminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday.(410words)

［听力原文］

9

社交礼仪

在16世纪的意大利和18世纪的法国，繁荣的日渐衰退和社会动荡的日益

加剧，使统治家族试图通过礼仪这道屏障将自己与中下阶层区分开来，以保持其

自身优势。另一方面，在经济繁荣的社区，上流社会很快就接受了新的富人。在

英国，教授新贵们合适的礼仪以适应新生活的这类书籍从来都不缺乏。

有关礼仪的每个准则都包含三个因素：基本的道德责任，促进效率提高的

实用规则，人为而任选的风度。比如郑重地称赞妇女的美丽或胜于众人的慷慨和

彳介｛6o

第一类是照顾弱者和尊敬长者。在古代埃及人中，在长者面前，年轻人必

须站着。在坦桑尼亚的庞古维人中，年轻人经过长者住的小茅屋时要鞠躬。约一

个世纪以前，英格兰的小孩没有得到父母的许可就不能当着父母的面坐下。

实用规则在社会生活的一般场合是有用的，如在重大的聚会上正确地介绍

客人使他们互相认识。在餐叉发明之前，社交礼仪要求人们尽可能地保持手指的

清洁；在手绢还未普遍使用之前，礼仪要求人们吐痰之后应该悄悄地用鞋底擦去

痰迹。

然而，极端有教养的举止，被视为优雅生活方式的一门艺术来修炼，它一

直是富裕和悠闲社会独有的特征。该社会还承认妇女在社会地位上与男人平等。

罗马帝国覆灭之后，欧洲第一个根据复杂的社交规则来规范个人举止的社会是十

二世纪法国的普罗文斯地区。

随着十字军东征得到的金银财宝被带回城堡，普罗文斯变得富裕了。同时,

骑士精神也日渐盛行。它强调妇女的美德和温柔，并要求骑士向其爱慕的女士表

白自己纯洁、忠贞不渝的爱情，尽管他可能永远不会在肉体上接近她。由此引入

了浪漫主义爱情这一概念，这一概念影响了文学几百年并且直到现在依然以通俗

的形式存在于简单的流行歌曲和简易小说中。

B利用礼仪歧视下层阶级。推理题，见第1句。A试图用礼仪摧毁中下层阶级。

C尝试对中下层教礼仪。D把中层和工人阶层用栅围起（封闭）。3项文中皆无。

第20题:

Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,theruling

families______.

A.triedtodestroythelowerandmiddleclassesusingetiquette

B.discriminatedagainstthelowerclassusingetiquette

C.triedtoteachetiquettetothelowerandmiddleclasses

D.putthemiddleandworkingclassesintofencedenclosures

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第21题：

Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements:.

A.practicalrules,optionalmoraldutiesandformalcompliments

B.formalcompliments,basicmoraldutiesandpracticalrule

C.optionalmoralduties,optionalpracticalrulesandartificial

graces

io

D.rules,regulationsandrequirements

参考答案：B

答案解析：

B正式的称赞，基本道德责任及实用规则。推理性细节题见2段。其他各项明显

与文不符。

第22题：

Thecustomofyoungmenbowingtoshowrespectwhenpassingthedwellings

oftheirelderswascitedasacharacteristicof.

A.theancientEgyptians

B.partsofTanzania

C.Englandaboutacenturyago

D.allsocieties

参考答案：B

答案解析：

B坦桑尼亚。细节题，见3段3句，其他皆是张冠李戴。

第23题：

Etiquettecultivatedasartofgraciousliving.

A.hasbeentypicalofrichandleisuredsocieties

B.advocatesthatwomenarethesameasmen

C.beganinnineteenth-centuryProvence

D.looksdownonextremelyrefinedbehaviour

参考答案：A

答案解析：

A一直是富裕和悠闲社会所特有的。细节题，见5段1句。B鼓吹女人和男人一

样。C开始于19世纪的普罗文斯。D看不起很优雅的行为，皆与文非。

第24题：

Theidealsofchivalrydemandedthat.

A.aknightshouldneverhavephysicalrelationshipwithwomen

B.aknightshouldinspirehisladytovaliantdeeds

C.aknightshoulddedicatehisvaliantdeedstoawoman

D.romanticpeopleshouldinfluenceliterature

参考答案：C

答案解析：

C骑士应为一女子奉献他英勇的功绩。推理题，见末段2句。A骑士永不能和女

人发生肉体关系。B骑士应鼓励他的女人做出英勇的功绩。D浪漫人生应影响文

学。此3项皆与文小符。

11

Byeducation,Imeantheinfluenceoftheenvironmentuponthe

individualtoproduceapermanentchangeinthehabitsofbehavior,of

thoughtandofattitude.Itisinbeingthussusceptibletotheenvironment

thatmandiffersfromtheanimals,andthehigheranimalsfromthelower.

Theloweranimalsareinfluencedbytheenvironmentbutnotinthe

directionofchangingtheirhabits.Theirinstinctiveresponsesarefew

andfixedbyheredity.Whentransferredtoanunnaturalsituation,such

ananimalisledastraybyitsinstincts.Thustheant-lionwhoseinstinct

impliesittoboreintoloosesandbypushingbackwardswithabdomen,goes

backwardsonaplateofglassassoonasdangerthreatens,andendeavors,

withtheutmostexertionstoboreintoit.Itknowsnoothermodeofflight

orifsuchalonelyanimalisengageduponachainofactionsandif

interruptediteithergoesonvainlywiththeremainingactions(as

uselessascultivatinganunsownfield)ordiesinhelplessinactivity.

Thusanet-makingspiderwhichdigsaburrowandrimsitwithabastion

ofgravelandbitsofwood,whenremovedfromahalffinishedhome,will

notbeginagain,thoughitwillcontinueanotherburrow,evenonemade

withapencil.

Advanceinthescaleofevolutionalongsuchlinesasthesecould

onlybemadebytheemergenceofcreatureswithmoreandmorecomplicated

instincts.Suchbeingsweknowintheantsandspiders.Butanotherline

ofadvancewasdestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibility

ofwhichwedonotseetheendperhapseveninman.Habits,insteadof

beingbornready-made(Whentheyarecalledinstinctsandnothabitsat

all)wereleftmoreandmoretotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment,

ofwhichthemostimportantfactorwastheparentwhonowcaredforthe

younganimalduringaperiodofinfancyinwhichvaguerinstinctsthan

thoseoftheinsectsweremoldedtosuitsurroundingswhichmightbe

considerablychangedwithoutharm.

Thismeans,onemightatfirstimagine,thatgraduallyheredity

becomeslessandenvironmentmoreimportant.Butthisishardlythetruth

andcertainlynotthewholetruth.Foralthoughfixedautomaticresponses

likethoseoftheinsect-likecreaturesarenolongerinherited,although

selectionforpurificationofthatsortisnolongergoingon,yet

selectionforeducabilityisverydefinitelystillofimportance.The

abilitytoacquirehabitscanconceivablyinheritjustasmuchascan

definiteresponsestonarrowsituations.Environmentandheredityarein

nocaseexclusivebutalwayssupplementaryfactors.(471words)

［听力原文］

12

环境与遗传

所谓教育，我认为就是环境对一个人产生影响从而使其在行为、思维和态

度上发生永久性变化。人之所以区别于动物，高级动物和低级动物的区别就在于

此，即能接受环境的影响。低等动物也受到环境的影响，但方向不是改变他们的

习惯。他们的本能反应很少，而由遗传固定，当转移到非自然的情况时，这种动

物就由于其本能而迷失方向了。如狮蚁的本能是在松沙堆中用腹部后推挖洞，就

如把它放在一玻璃板上一旦遇险，它也是以同样方法后退，并尽全力挖洞。它不

知道其他逃跑模式，或者说如果这样一个孤独的动物碰上-连锁行动或受到阻碍

时它会用剩余的动作（如毫无用处地挖未播种的土地）作无谓的挣扎，或是无助

地等待死亡。又如一个织网的蜘蛛筑巢，用砂砾和一些木屑作堡，一旦离开半修

成的家，它不会再开始，但是它会继续筑另外一个巢，哪怕是用铅笔来搭成的。

沿着这种生物方向在进化阶梯上的前进只能在具有越来越复杂的本能的

生物处于紧急情况才能完成。在蚂蚁和蜘蛛身上我们看到这种情况。但是前进的

另一个方向是注定会开辟另外一种有极其远大前景的可能性，关于这种可能性甚

至在人身上也可能看不到尽头。习惯，而不是生来就有现成的（叫做本能完全不

是习惯），是有许多要靠环境对性格形成的影响，其中最重要的因素是在婴儿期

照看年幼动物的双亲。在这个阶段会塑造出比昆虫模糊的本能来适应可能会有很

大变化的环境，且不受损害。

人们会首先想象，这意味着渐渐地遗传作用变小，而环境作用变得重要。

但这未必真实。肯定不是全部真实。因为虽然像昆虫类的生物那种固定的自动反

应不再是遗传的，虽然那种为了纯化的选择不再进行，但那种为了可教育性的选

择仍然非常肯定很重要。可想象出获得习惯的能力也能像对具体环境一定的反应

能力一样继承。环境和遗传绝不是互相排斥而总是相互补充的因素。

B环境和遗传。主旨题。从全篇文章尤其是最后一句都明确表现出文章的这一主

题。A昆虫的进化。C教育：环境的影响。D动物的本能。文中虽提到，但不宜

作标题。

第25题：

Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheEvolutionofInsects.

B.EnvironmentandHeredity.

C.Education:TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment.

D.TheInstinctsofAnimals.

参考答案：B

答案解析：

第26题：

Whatcanbeinferredfromtheexampleoftheant-lioninthefirst

paragraph?

A.Instinctsofanimalscanleadtounreasonablereactionsofanimals

inastrangesituation.

B.whenitisengagedinachainactionsitcannotbeinterrupted.

C.Environmentandheredityaretwosupplementaryfactorsinthe

13

evolutionofinsects.

D.Alongthelinesofevolutionhereditybecomeslessandenvironment

moreimportant.

参考答案：A

答案解析：

A动物的本能可导致它在陌生环境的难以理解的反应。是推理题。第一段提到狮

蚁往往会做出让人不可思议的举动。B当它参与连锁行动时它不能受到干扰。C

环境和遗传在昆虫进化中是两个补充因素。D沿着进化方向遗传作用变小环境变

得更为重要，皆与文不符。

第27题：

Basedontheexampleprovidedinthepassage,wecantellthatwhenaspider

isremovedtoanewpositionwherehalfofanethasbeenmade,itwill

probab1y______.

A.beginacompletelynet

B.destroythehalf-madenet

C.spintherestofthenet

D.stayawayfromthenet

参考答案：C

答案解析：

C织剩余的网。是逻辑推理题。从第一段最后一句可推出此答案。A开始织完整

的网。B破坏完成一半的网。D离开这个网，皆不对题。

第28题：

Whichofthefollowingistrueabouthabitsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyarenaturalendowmentstolivingcreatures.

B.Theyaremoreimportantthaninstinctstoallanimals.

C.Theyaresubjecttotheformativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

D.Theyaredestinedtoopenoutamuchmorefar-reachingpossibility

possibilityintheevolutionofhumanbeings.

参考答案：C

答案解析：

C他们受到环境的可形成性格的影响，推理题。可从二段最后一句对习惯的描述

推出。A他们是生物的自然天赋。B他们对所有的动物都比本能更为重要。D他

们注定会在人类的进化中开阔有极其远大前景的可能性。

第29题：

Whatdoestheword“education”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Susceptibilitytotheenvironment.

B.Advanceinthescaleofevolution.

C.Complicatedinstinctsofanimals.

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D.Formativeinfluenceoftheenvironment.

参考答案：D

答案解析：

D环境对性格形成的影响。词义理解题。可从首段一句对教育的定义看出，即外

部环境对于生物习性变化的影响。A对环境的感受能力。B在进化阶梯上的前进。

C动物的复杂的本能。

Humanshavedestroyedmorethan30percentofthenaturalworldsince

1970withseriousdepletionoftheforest,freshwater,andmarine

ecosystemsonwhichlifedepends.Consumptionpressurefromincreasing

affluencehasdoubledinthepast25yearsandcontinuestoaccelerate,

accordingtoagroundbreakingreportfromtheWorldWideFundforNature

(WWF),theNewEconomicsFoundation,andtheWorldConservation

MonitoringCenteratCambridge.

The“LivingPlanetReportvsaysthattheaccelerationin

environmentaldestructionshowsthatpoliticianswhohavebeenpayinglip

servicetopromoteit."Timeisrunningoutforustochangethewaywe

liveifwearetoleavefuturegenerationsalivingplanet,vcommentsNick

Mabey,WWF'seconomicpolicyofficer."Weknewitwasbad,butuntilwe

didthisreport,wedidnotrealizehowbad.”

Oneofthemostseriousproblemswhoseextentisrevealedfor

thefirsttimeisthedepletionoffreshwaterresources,withhalfofthe

accessiblesuppliesbeingusedbyhumansdoubletheamountin1960.The

rateofdeclineoffreshwaterecosystemsisrunningat6percentayear,

threateningtodryupmanywetlandsandpushthespeciesofthosehabitats

toextinction.Thereportsaysthatgovernmentsshouldincreasethe

efficiencyoftheirwateruseandstopwastefulirrigationschemes.

Carbondioxideemissionshavedoubledinthesameperiodand,

beingfarinexcessofthenaturalworld，sabilitytoabsorbthem,are

acceleratingglobalwarming.Globalconsumptionofwoodandpaperhas

increasedbytwothirds,andmostforestsaremanagedunsustainably.

Duringthepast38years,marine-fishconsumptionhasmorethandoubled,

andmostoftheworld，sfishresourcesareeitherfullyexploredorin

decline.

Althoughreportsaysthatagrowingpopulationispartofthe

problem,increasedconsumptionhasbeenthemainproblem.Theaverage

consumes10timesasmuchoftheaverageBangladeshi.JapanandBangladesh

havethesamepopulationsbuthaveavastlydifferenteffecton

ecosystems.

TheaverageNorthAmericanconsumesfivetimesasmuchasan

African.However,intotal,AsiatakesmoreoftheEarth，sresources

becausethereare3.2billionAsianscomparedwithonlyabout300million

NorthAmericans.

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ThepeopleoftheUS,andSingaporeares