美语发音规则与技巧(笔记)

美式英中的连读和读一、同化同化是两个音相互作用，导致最后产生另外一个音的现象，这样可以使句子显得更流畅。/s/+/j/→/ʃ/如等Iyou我你对的。Iyou.我想念你。/z/+/j/→ʒWhatyouhere?什风把你刮到这儿来了？Inotgonnaloseyou→/ʧ/如：、等Nicemeet很兴见到你二见面就说Niceseeyou.）Whatyou你做什么？/d/+/j/→//如education等（1）Pinned压你身上了王》中的一句台词，听起来是/ʤ/。这两个单词包含的音规则有弱+化（2）didyoulikeit?你得怎样？连读在正常英语口语中，连读现象比比皆是。有些较短的句子听起来简直就像一个单词，所以学好连是通向流利英语必经之路。词尾辅+词元音这种连读最常见也最简单，把相邻的两个单词想象成一个单词即可。Ifedwith他让我烦透。Iveup我意已决。Thatissogross[ɡus].太俗了。Turn合开关，恢复通电juice也电的意思）词尾元+词元音A/u////o/结尾的单词与跟在后面的元音连读时，两个元音之间加上一个较轻这样过渡就会很自然。Justit.尽管去做吧！Itsnowing.下了。tblowit.别砸了。太单了。B如果单词结尾/i/、/ai/、结尾并与其后的元音连读，则个元音见带上一个较弱/j/auntwillcometo姑今天回来看我们。Isayit，butyouback我的不想这个但你借我的钱应该还给我了。不完全爆破发音方法为一爆破音不发需做出发音的姿势作停顿马上过渡到下一个音例如，的/就不能发出声来，如果读/’bai/就会得很生硬。(一)爆+爆破音爆破音中任意两个紧挨在一起，则第个爆破音失去爆破。大家一起来学习下面的例子：

hotdayredcoat

oldpicture

sitdownfootball

cheapbookblackboardWhatarewesupposedto我们该怎么办？getdownbusiness.我开始说正事。（二）爆破音+摩擦音破擦音outsidegoodfriendsYoupersonoutside.你是秀外慧中。Inotfat,’mboned.我胖，我只是骨架大。（三）爆破音+破擦音lectureFatchanceImgiveyoulast我给你最后一次机会。Good-byetodead-endjob!别，这份没前的工作！（四）鼻腔爆破其发音要领为/t/或/d//同时发音两相互作用导致鼻腔爆破最后发出的音既不是t//也不是单独的。BritainimportantcertainandIfeellikeIamnotto我觉我对你一点也不重要。IloststudentID我学生证丢了。舌边爆破mostlyabsolutelybustlingabsolutelyright.你完全正确。Wearefreelast!我们终于自由了！弱读对于大多数同学，弱读是一个很陌生的概念，因为我们的英语老师很少讲这个知识，所以大家英语时几乎对每个英语单词（除了和a）都采用的了强读形式。可是真说英语时全部都是强读，则整个句子必然没有节奏，没有婉转的感觉，枯燥无味。弱读的一半规则：元音一次弱化之后主要是变/二次弱化后这个音就消失了；辅音弱化后也消失了。下面介绍常用单词的弱读形式单词arewasheratofforyou

弱读音标/n//k/r//wz//m///t//t/或t//v///f/y/

疯狂操练’meareprettygoodfriends.Icana’refromHunan.HowwaswinterKillem.（killhim弱读为/ˈkil）blessIlltell‘er.(连读Atthesametime.Ihaveyouawater?Itkindafunny.kindof)Iwillberightwaitingforyou.ya.tellya.

缩读大部分的缩读情况可以理解为弱连读。如果能够灵活运用弱读和缩读的话，那么你的口语又会更上一层楼了。标准形式becausetknowgoing-ingoutofhad/would

缩读形式‘/k/dno//gɪɪ/gonna/’/gatta/gat/wanna//-in/ɪ一用于进行时)outta/aut/‘‘

实用例句‘CauseItgivedamn.Itknow.five.sIgonnaIgo.Youwithyourlife.你继续你自己的生活。Iwannabedifferent.Iwannachangemylife!What’Whatgetouttagreat.那好了。Iveheardsomuchaboutyou.口语要素cansaythat你的没错。Givemea别了。Illsay.的确definitely.）Nothingdoing!没！him叫收手吧。BONUS的读我们读英语时每当碰到时一般都会读/ænd/，殊不知，在美语口语里面and通常只需弱读为/n/,甚至是个简单的鼻/。当说话者需要强调时则会把读/如果能够掌握好这个发音规则，我们的口语将更加流畅，听力理解也更加畅听无阻。Strugglenstrifecomebefore成之前必有一番挣扎和竞争。Ihavethroughtimefind我越了时空找到了你。Withoutwillbeblank’没你，我的生活将暗淡无光。

连读、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱读、浊化——英语常见语流现象连：两个相邻单词首尾音素自然的拼读在一起，中间不停顿，被称为连读。连读只发生在同一意群之，即意思联系紧密的短语或从句之内。）词尾辅音+首元音，如：ˆNotˆall.Putiton,please.PleasepickˆitˆI'mˆanˆboy.Itˆanbook.ˆalookˆit.MsBlackworkedinˆˆIcalledhalfˆˆˆ）词尾不发音r或re+词首元音，词尾r发/r/。如：ˆawayHereisaforHerearefourˆeggs.ˆWhereareyourˆThey'reˆandmother.Iˆitˆthere.isafootballˆaresome注：当有意群进行停顿时不可连读。如：Isˆitora（hat与之不可以连读）ˆainmydesk.（book与之不可以连读）ˆEnglishorFrench?（与or之间不可以连读）meetˆeightormorning?（meet与ateight与or之间不可以连读）andˆin.（与之不可以连读）加：在连贯的语流中，人们往往会在两个元音之间加入一个外加音帮助发音，从而更加流畅地表达意。）词尾元音/词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微的w/如：GowHowwandwhydidcomehere?Thetooweasyforhimanswer.）词尾元音/,i:/+词首元音，在词尾加上一个轻微/j/。如：Ijcarryjit.Ijneedjone.Hejveryfriendly

wantstostudyjIt'lltakeyouthreejwalkthere.失爆破与不完全爆破：）失去爆破：爆破音+破音当两个爆破音相时，前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，而不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音。前一个爆破音被称为失去爆破。失去爆破产生的原因大体是由于省力原则造成的。如：BigboyWhatmustAskBobtosittookgood）不完全爆破：A爆破+摩擦音爆破音p,b,t,d,k,g/摩擦音/ʃ,,θ,ð,r,h/相邻时，产生不完全爆破。发摩擦音时，发音器官并不形成阻碍而只形成一个很狭小的缝隙，让气流从缝隙中摩擦而出。如果一个爆破音与摩擦音相接，爆破冲出的气流只能从狭小的缝隙中通过种爆破是不完全的失爆破产生的原因大体上是由于省力原则造成的。如：Advance/SuccessAgoodviewOldfriendsJustthroughMakesureinB爆破+破擦音爆破音与破擦音/t,d,tr,dr/相时，产生不完全爆破。如：Picture/ObjectThatchilddreamAfastC）破+鼻辅音爆破音与鼻辅音m,n,相时：在中，不完全爆破；在词尾，鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/Gardennight

Idon’tknowJustAgoodneighborD）破边辅音爆破音与边辅音/l/相时词中完全爆破词尾侧爆破Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyAbitI’dliketoStraightluckAtlastAtlunch同：人们在说话的时往往会不自觉地让一个音受相邻音的影响它们变得与其相同或相似或者两个互相影响，变为第三个音。这两种现象被称为音的同化。同化可以发生在同一个词、复合词内或句子相邻词之间。）因声带的影响而发生的同化：A浊辅音可变为清辅音，如of(→f，z→s，with(→θpleasure。B清辅音可变为浊辅音，如like(→g。）因发音部位的影响而发生的同化：A/t/+/j/→/tʃ/如：thurtyourself!I’llyougothistthatItveryniceyou.B/d/+/j/ʒ。如：DidyoursisterWouldcomeyouthisformeplease?didntlikeEnglish,didC）/s/+/j/ʃ/如：Iyou.blessWewillD）→/ʒ/。如：HeresIyoubecauseyouareyou.Don’ttellstruth.省：在快速、随便的言语中，一些音素被省略掉，被称为省音。省音能提高语速，使说话省力。在正场合和语速慢的情况下，省音不是必须的。）同一单词内元音的省略，主要是非重读音节中ə/和ɪ，如：ord(i)n(a)ry

）当前一单词以辅音结尾，后一单词/开头时，常被省略，如：。）当前一单词以否定形-n't尾，后一单词以辅音开头时，/t/常被忽略，如：isn'(t)Ididn’you.Hecan(t)that.）任何一个辅音，若后面紧跟/h/，可以不发音。如：Come(h)ere!Must(h)e/ti/go?Whatwill(h)eHas(h)eitbefore?Tell(h)imtoask）将多个单词利用连读爆破等拼和在一起。如：to)gonna(goingto)kinda(kindof)gimme(giveme)强式和弱读式：在一个句子，有些词说得又轻又快，而且较为含糊，有些词则说得又重又慢，而且较为清晰。那说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。实词（包括名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词疑问词）一般都接受句子重音，为重读词，采用强读式；虚词（包括介词、代词、连词、冠词、助动词、态动词等功能词）一般都不接受句子重音，为非重读词，采用弱读式。6.1一规：）弱读式只出现在句子的非重读词中。如Passɪ/the/ð/book.methe弱读。）单词单独出现或在句首或句尾时，都采用强读式。如youlistening）被特别强调的词，无论实词还是虚词都采用强读式。如Iam/æm/我是皮特。6.2虚弱规律：）长音变短音，如：she/i:/弱/ɪ/。）元音前面的辅音被省略，如ɪm/弱读/m/）辅音前面的元音被省略，如弱/m/）元音一般弱读//如：can/kæn/弱/kn/）部分虚词有多种弱读式，如would/wʊ弱/。浊：）/s/后面的清辅音要浊化。如/k/浊化成/scar/school/discussion/t/浊化成d/:/p/浊化成/b/:spring/spirit/expression）美音中，/t/现在两个元音之间并且处于非重读位置的时候/t/需要浊化成一个近似/d/的音这样，writer听来和rider的音几乎没有区别。如：Iit.

Wouldpickit注：/t/如果处于重读位置的话，即使在两个元音之间也需要浊化。请比较：清晰的t/浊的/t/I'talian'ItalyLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph）美音中，/t/面是一个元音，后面是一个模糊/l/，且处于非重读位/t/需要浊化成一个近似于/d/的音如：美中，/t/面是一个清辅音或前鼻/n/，后是一个元音，且处于非重读位置/t/也需要浊化成一个近似/的。如：朗读练习：Therethingswhenyoulookingforhouse,whetherintendtobuyoronlyAfterall,itbeyourforlongandwanthappywithYouwhatofwant,muchandthetypeofeighborhoodtolivein.’salwayseasyforgetabove,becauseit’smostprobablythatyou’llinlovewiththehouseforsalethesight.YouthYouthisoflife;itisaitofrosycheeks,redlipssuppleknees;itisofthewill,aqualityimagination,vigorofemotions;itisthefreshnessspringsoflife.Youthcourageovertimidity,offorinsixtymoreboyofNobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.WegrowoldourYearswrinkleskin,butgiveupwrinklessoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheandturnsdust.Whethersixtythereisineveryhumanbeing'sthewonder,theunfailingfornext,andjoyofofyourandmyheartisasolongasitmessagescourageandpowerfrommenandtheInfinite,longareyoutheaerialsdown,spiritwithsnowsofcynicismandthepessimism,youareold,evenatasaerialsup,catchtheoptimism,ishopeyouyoung

美语听力与发音技巧第1WelcometoDailyontipisdistinguishing“can“cannot”inspoken“Cannotusuallycontractedto“can't”.SomanylearnersofEnglishassumethatinordertodistinguishbetween“canand“can'tonemustlistenforthefinal“tsoundAndwhenspeaking,mustpronouncefinal‘t’sound/t/clearly.However,thisisinfacthownativespeakersdistinguish“can“can'tPeoplenot`candriveabutIcan’tamotorcycle.Peoplesay‘Ican`driveabutI`can'tdriveamotorcycle.’Thedifference“can“can'tinstress.“Can”isnotstressed,theverbafteris.“Can'tstressed.verbafternot.Alsosince’notstressed,vowelisreducedtoso”actuallypronounced”.Listenanotherexample.“I`can'tgoSaturday,Ican`goonSunday.”hearthe't'sound?Didyounoticethedifferencewordsbeingstressed?Listeningagain.“I`can'tgoonSaturday,butIcan`goonSunday.”youtosomeoneissayingcanordosomething,belisteningforastressed“can'toraverbstressed“can”.doesthismean?“Ican`speakJapanese,butI`can'tspeakTaiwanese.That'sIcanspeakJapanese,butITaiwanese.areitveryimportantyoufollowthisruletoo.WhenlearnersofEnglishIyou,nativespeakerswhatmeantimproperstress.Soyoucanstress“can't”,but`can't“canThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortip.美语听力与发音技巧第2toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsyllableaffectthemeaningofwords.stressedareandareunstressedsyllablessoftly,andoftenhavevowelsoundsthisdifferencecanbebetweenaoranThereatleastinwhichsyllablethisdifference.Someinclude`addict,Eachtimetheisstressed,wordisaWhenthefirststressed,thewordiseitheraoradjective.Let’slooksomemore`Permit,per`mit,a`permitaitispieceofwhichauthorizesyoudofishing`permityougoPer`mitisaverb.Ittoallow.Forinstence,fishingisnper`mittedwithouta`permit.is`perfect,per`fect.`Perfectadjective.ItmeansnoorTheisper`fect,ittomakesomethingperfect.Forexample,“Iwanttoper`fectmyEnglishmeanstomakeEnglishperfectsurestressrightsyllable.Itbethedifferecebetweendifferentpartsofspeech.ThishasbeentodaydailyTilltomorrow,fornothertiponlearning美语听力与发音技巧第3（清浊辅音结尾对元音的影响）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisondifferentvowellengthsareusedtowordsinvoicedvoicelessconsonants.Lettakeanexample.There’ssomethingineyes.’ssomethinginmyice.lastwordsinexamples,eyesicedifferin2ways.Onedifferencethewordeyesendwiththesound“z”,iceendwiththe“sTheotherdifferencethepronunciationofand”thevowelsound“ai”ispronounced.Intheword“eyes”,longer.Intheword“ice”,itisveryshort.totheexamplesagain,andnotefinalconsonantsoundasinlengthofthevowel.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listenagain.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listentosomeotherexamplesofwordsthatare

identicalexceptforthefinalconsonantsthevowellength.Cap,cab,plate,played,seat,seed.tipistomoreattentiontolengthofasveryimportantindistinguishingsomewords.Tillthen,toanothertiplearning美语听力与发音技巧第4（连音）todailytipsonlearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.AlthoughinwrittenEnglish,there’respaceseveryword,inspokenEnglishthere’realwaysnever(1)pauseswords.orderspokenEnglish,itistolinkingdone.Todaylet’s(3)concentrateonlinkingsituation.Wheneverawordinsoundisfollowedbyabeginningwithalinkedtovowelsoundiftheyweresameword.Letlookatsomeexamples.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.First,notethatalthoughthere’resixwordsinsentence,allwordsarelinkedwithoutListen.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.Nowlistenthewords“likeand“anotherarelinked.“Likeanother”,another“Like”endsinaconsonantsound,“another”beginswithavowelsound.Sothe“k“likelinkedtothe“a“anothertoproduce“kanother”.Listentheexamplesentenceagain.I’dlikeanotherofrice,thereisanotherofaconsonantbeingAbowlof,abowl-of.soundslikethatyou’resayingtheword“love”.Hereanotherexample.’dlovebowlofrice.I’dloveofrice.ThislinkingprobablythebiggestforlearnersofEnglishwhentryunderstandnativespeaker’stalking.talkmorelinkinginfuturedailytips,anextremelyimportfeaturespokenEnglish.’stipistolinkconsonantstowhichcomeafterthem.Tillthen,fortip.美语听力与发音技巧第5（“h音的略读）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.thatalthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,spokenEnglishdoesnhaveaftereveryword.Asmatteroffact,stringsofarealllinkeditthislinking,oftenmakesitdifficultforlearnersofEnglishtounderstandnativespeakertalking.Today’stipisnoticehowthe“h”soundisoftendroppedinpersonalpronounssuchas“he”,“him”,“his”and“her”.whenitisleftavowelsound,andvowelsoundistotheprecedingword.Letlookatanexample.Giveherabook.erbook.Noticethe”isdropped“giveher”becomeer”.ookatanotherexample.TellaskTell-imask-er.Didyounotice“tellhimbecame“tell-”and“askher”became“asker”?ThishappensveryfrequentlyinspokenEnglish,especiallywhen“he”followsanauxiliaryForexample,will”-i”“Wherewillhego?”becomes“Where-go?willhe”willi”willhe”becomeswill-i”willheknow?becomes“Howwilliknow?”“Hashe”as-”“Haddonebefore?”becomes“Hadiitbefore?“Mustgo?-go?“Canhedo”becomes“Can-doit?“Shouldheleave?”becomes“Should-Ileave?”it’simportanttoaccustomyourselftodroppedsoundinsoundlinking.ThishasbeentodaydailyTuneinfortiponlearning美语听力与发音技巧第6（辅音连续）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.orsimilararearow,soundsarepronounced.Forexample,stopPeter.“stop”endsinthesound“pand“Peter”beginsinthesameTogetherwordsarelinked-peterwordsarenpronouncedPnounceidenticalsoundsoneanother,wouldsoundlikesmoothly.notidenticalsoundssuchasvoicedandvoicelesspairsofconsonantsarelinkedthisway.Forexample,it’sabig

cake.“big”beginsinsound“g”,cakebeginswithsound“k”.“k“gdifferthat“kvoicelessvoiced.aretoeachotherinaphraselinkedsmoothlynotaspiratingorpronouncingtheofthe2sounds.ListencarefullyasIreadtheexampleagain.’sabigcake.Noticehowthefirstsound”isnotreleased.Ifthepairsoundsisreversed,likein“Ilikegoats.itisthe“ksoundwhichisnotpronounced.Listenclosely.likegoats.Ilikegoats.There’re8pairsofconsonantsthatdifferonlyinthepresencelackofvocalcordvibration.ListenasIgivesoundlinkingforv,f:IloveFrance.δ,θ:’sbathethreetimes.:SheSusan.з,garageshouldbecleaned.dHehasahugechin.:Putthecapbackon.ttoldme.k,:IlikeGavin.(?IttoincludethisofsoundinyourifyouachieveItimportanttoofthislinkinghowspokensounds.Otherwisenotunderstandnativespeakerspeech.Thishasbeentoday’sdailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanotheronlearning美语听力与发音技巧第7（冠词a）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisonusingoromittingtheEnglisharticle“acorrectly.There’snosinglerulethatexplainshowtochoosewhetheryoushoulduse“ause“the”ornotuseanyarticleall.ometimesthere’sonlyonecorrectchoice,andinothercases,differentchoiceschangethemeaningofthesentence.Todayletdiscussthemostfrequentlyoccurringdifferencesbetweenusingthearticle”usingnoarticle.AllEnglishnounscanbeclasses:areareItofanounasitisinasentencedetermineswhetheritisuncountable.Forinstance,thesentence“Shehaslonghair.”,“hair”isuinthe“There’sahairinmysoup.”haircountable.Thiscancreatesomeinterestingmistakes.Forexample,“Ilike”doesnotmean我欢狗thatshouldbe“Idogs.yousaylikedog”,thatmeansyoulikeeatdogmeat.yousay“Iateahamburgerthatmeans我吃了一个,butyousay“Iatehamburgerthatmeansaterawbeef.Ifyousay“Iacake’,youatewholecake,whichisunlikely.Youshouldsaid,“Iatecakeitcake.Noticehowtheuseofthearticle“ameansthatthenounprecedesiscountable,andthereforeyou’retalkingaboutawholeone,anentireone.Ifyouomitthearticle“a”,thenthatyoucancounttheitprecedes,thereforearepieceaquantitySopaycarefulwhethernounsbeingusedauncountablemeaning,andbesuretouseoromitthearticle“aaccordingly.Thishasbeentodaydailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanothertiponlearning美语听力与发音技巧第8（冠词的用法与读音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonusingthearticles“a”,“an“the”correctly.studentofEnglishmyinstruggleswithEnglishTheypartsoflearningEnglish.all,Idothis.speakers.Whenyoulisten,listencarefully,sincethearticles“a”arealmostneveremphasized,notstandoutprominentlyinspeech,butthey’repronounced.willhavetotrainyourearssothatyouwill

recognizesoundscertainarearticles,andmeaninglessAlso,inthehabitofpronouncingarticlesinthewayspeakersdo.soundsprecede.instance,ofand“theboy”asoneListentothisshortsentence.Theboylikesthegirl.Sayitnaturally,boylikesthegirl.thearticlesarejustsoundslinkedexample.apenaintheclassroom.Sayitnaturally,therepenaintheclassroom.Didyounoticehowallthesounds,linkedtogether?Thearticle“anisusedbeforenounsbeginningwithvowelsound,suchas“anappleNoticethe”soundislinkedthewordwhichfollowsnoticethatwordsthatspelledwithletter”inthesuchas“hour”alsousethearticle“an”becausethe”isnpronounced.Sowesay,-our”,“ahourAndwordsspelledwithletter“u”inthebeginningsuchas“unicycleusethearticle”becausethesoundisthe“ysound”.Soweaunicycle,an’salsoimportantnotethatthepronunciationofthearticle“thechangesto“δi”beforebeginningwithavowelsound.Sowesay“δi:”elevator,notδ”elevator.tipis,dobeheadlines,advertisementsandtitlesofforth.whichininbothwrittenEnglish.Knowingtouse“awhenuse“thewhentoanyarticleatallisundoubtablylearningWranothertiplearning美语听力与发音技巧第9（句子中的重音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonwordstresssentences.Ingeneral,itthatarestressedfunctionarestressed.ContentwordsusuallytheofthemakethesentenceContentwordsare:nouns,mainverbs,adjectives,adverbs,this,these,those,and“wh-words,what,when,why,how,which.Functionwordsare:articles,suchas“a”and“thepossadjectives,suchas“his”,”,“your”;prepositions,suchas“in“on”,“of”;conjunctions,suchas“and“butpersonalpronouns,suchas“I”,“he“shethe“beverb,”,“are“was“wereauxiliaries,such”,“does“did”.Takeforexamplethesentence“Andrewbrusheshisteetheverymorning.”Thecontentwordalonecanconveytheofthesentence,brushesteetheverymorning.functional“his”thesentencegrammaticallycorrect.“his”isunstressed,theotherwordsarestressed.Whyisn“his”stressed?ofcoursebrusheshisnotteeth,orteeth.wewouldnaturallyassume.however,Andrewbrushessomeoneelse’steethbesidehisown,itwouldveryimportantknowthatstressingwhosehewhatbeThesimpleanswerwordstothemeaningaretryingifsomeonewriteontheboardoutofcontextandasks,“Whichareimportant?Whichwordsshouldyoustress?”Youshouldanswer,“Thatdependsonthecontext.Stressisletknowtomessage.Ifproperly,yourwillhaveaneasymessage.IfeverywordyourwilltoverycarefullyandtrythemainofyourIfyourwrongwords,thelistenerwillmessageorfeelveryconfused.rememberstresstheimportantmassage.ThishastodaydailyTunetomorrowforanotheronlearningEnglish.美语听力与发音技巧第10期断句）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheuseofpausesinEnglishspeech.AlthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,Englishdoesn’thavepausesbetweeneachword,wordsarelinkedtogether.peoplenormallyspeakwithoutpausingall.We

pauseinWhileinthereperiods,wealsopauselongsentenceswithoutpunctuationmarks.Let’slookatsomeexamples.mothertotheradioinevening.Thissentencebesaidwithoutpausing,becauseitisnlong.ButifIweretopause,wouldsay,mother/listensthetheevening.”Why?pausescomethoughtgroups----groupsofonethought.Forexample,“ineveningathoughtgroup.Letthesentencelonger.listenstheradiointheevening,playstennisinintheNowitisnecessarythesentenceverylong.Pausescomebetweengroups,andlistenershear.Listensentenceagain.Mytotheintennisintheandcleansinthemorning.Ifyoupauseinthewrongplaces,listenerswillhaveorganizinginformation.Listenreadagainwithpausing.motherradioin/theplaysin/thecleansthe/inthemorning.Nowthesentencealmostimpossibletounderstand,rememberpausebetweenthoughtgroups,tohelplistenerseasilyorganizewhattheyThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortiponlearning美语听力与发音技巧第11期定语从句前的停）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontopausesbeforeadjectiveclauses.Lettakeanexample.thesentence“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctortheadjectiveclauseis“wholivesFrancisco”.Itdescribes“sisterThere’snopausebeforetheadjectiveclause.So,itmeansthatIhavemorethansister,andthelivesinSanFranciscoisdoctor.Thereapauseafteranadjectiveclausebecauseitasentence.therebenointhegroupofsisterwholivesinSanFrancisco”.Becausethisisideaorthoughtgroup.Listenthesentenceagain.“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctor.Thesamewordsusedinthatsentencehaveadifferentmeaningthereabeforetheadjectiveclause“whoinSanFrancisco”.Listentonewsentence.“Mysister,wholivesinSanFrancisco,isadoctor.Nowthere’sapausebefore,andaadjectiveinwriting,thereiscommabeforeacommaadjectiveclause.ThissentencemeansthatIonlyoneSheisabythelivesinFrmationconveyedbywholivesinSanistounderstandwhomIamtalkingabout,IonlyhaveoneIjustitinpassing.Ifyousay,“Mygirlfrienddrivesagooddancer.You’resayingthatmorethanonegirlfriend.“MyisverygenerousaraiseeveryyearIhavemorethanoneboss.“HawaiiisanislandinthePacificisapoplartouristspot”meansthereanothernotthePacific.Soadjectiveonlyittosomethingorsomeoneofwhichthereonlyone.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.美语听力与发音技巧第12期问句的语调）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheintonationofstions.thatintonationtherisingandfallingofthepitchofvoice.So“she’shere.astatement,but“she’shere?aquestion.ittruequestionsrisingintonation.Today,’sjustlookintonatiofthreetypesofquestions:questions,”questionschoicequestions.“Yes/Noquestionsarisingintonation.-”qusetionshaveaintonation.Andchoicequestionsforeverychoicethewhichhasfallingintonation.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyoulikeTaiwan?“CanspeakChinese?”risingintonation.Thelistenermustanswereither“yes”or”.”questionsstartwiththewords“who”,“where”,“when”why”,”and“how”.-questionshaveafallingtone.Forexample,“Whattimeis↘”“Wheredoyoulive?↘“Whattimeit?↗“Wheredoyoulive?↗Inchoicequestions,the

listenerisexpectedtochooseoneitemfromseveral.Forexample,“Wouldyoulikejuice,Coke,Teacoffee?Atoneisusedforeverychoiceeptlast,whichfallingtone.example.“Doyoulikebasketball,baseball,soccerfootball?”.Sorememberthat“Yes/No”questions,“Wh”questions,andchoicequestionhavedifferentintonationpatterns,andmakesuretointonthemproperly.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美语听力与发音技巧第13期是是NO）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonanswering“Yes/No”questionscorrectly.InEnglish,“Yes”isalwaysfollowedbyaffirmativestatements.“No”alwaysfollowedbynegativestatements.Thismeanscan’tsay,“Yes,Ihaven’teatendinneryet.Ordidwork.Chineseallowsthis,Englishdoesnot.’redifferentkinds“Yes/Noquestions.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyouEnglish?”youhungry?”posenoproblem.Butnegativequestionsas“DonspeakEnglish?”“Aren’tyouhungry?”requireanswers.“Yes,do.Idon”or“Yes,Iam.“No,I’mnot.”ChineselearnersofEnglishareoftenmisledbynegativequestions,answer,“Yes,IdonspeakEnglish.”Or“Yes,’mnothungry.”byaccident.Anothertypeof”questionsistorisingintonationwithastatement.example,youaskChineseperson,youeatdinner?says,“No,Ididn’t.”You’resurprised,soyouask,didndinner?answers,“Yes.insteadof“NoDon’tuse”tomean是”shouldsay,’scorrect.”Intheexampleabove,”“Yes,Iatedinner.“Correct,didn’tdinner.Let’slookatanotherexample.thinkthatallChinesepeoplelikerice.whenfriendmenevereatsrice,Iverysurprised,andIask,“You’tliketorice?answers,“Yes.Thisiswrong.BecauseinEnglish,youcansay,“Yes,Idon’tliketoeatrice.”Heshouldanswer,“No.or’scorrect.”Soremember,”mustbfollowedbyaffirmativestatements,and“Nofollowedbynegativestatements.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美语听力与发音技巧第14期“t的发音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonthepronunciationofletter“tOfcoursetheletter“tisusuallypounced“t”.Butyouhavenoticedthatinfluentspeech,nativespeakersthe“tas”.Thathappenswhenthe“tcomesbetweentwovoicedsounds.DoyouknowwhatsoundsEnglisharevoiced?Well,there’re15voicedconsonantsoundsinEnglish.b,d,m,,δ,l,r,з,з,j,w.Also,allvoweldiphthongsoundsinEnglisharevoiced.’slookatsomeexamplesofinthemaybepronounced“d”.No.1“matter“matter”isoftenpronounced“maderin“Whatthe”No.2”.“atom”isoftenpronounced”in“TheatombombdroppedonHiroshima.No.3“twenty“twentyoftenpronounced“twendiin“Thatwillbetwentydollars,please.”No.4“little“littleoftenpronounced“liddle”asin“Hegotaangry.”No.5“city“cityoftenpronounced“cidiin“Didgrowuptheorthecountry?No.6“butter“butteroftenpronounced“buderin“Passthebutter,please.”peoplespeakslowlyoremphatically,however,theyusuallypronouncelike“t”,like“dAlso,”doesnotsoundlikeitcomesbeforestressedasin“return”.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美语听力与发音技巧第15期助动词的强调）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontostressauxiliaryverbs.notaverb,stresstheauxiliaryverb.Andtherenoauxiliaryverb,weone.Theseemphatic

Forexample,comparethese