英语新设计人教版选修六讲义Unit1PartⅡ

PartIIGrammar虚拟语气（I）［思维导图I对过去情况的虚拟反现在情况的虚拟

代条件句中）-：对将来情况的虚拟［虚拟语气的省略用在wish之后的宾语从句中qq宾语从句中］-q宾语从句中］-f用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从旬中在q宾语从句中］-虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是客观存在的事实，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假设或推测，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。.条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句分为三类：与现在事实相反的情况；与过去事实相反的情况；与将来事实相反的情况。构成如T：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式（be的过去式常用were）would/should/might/could+动词原形与将来事实相反①过去式②should+动词原形③wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式（had+过去分词）would/should/might/could+have+过去分词Ifhehadtimenow,hewould（could,might）gowithyou.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。（与现在事实相反）Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould（could.might）havemetthefamoussinger.如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个着名歌手了。（与过去事实相反）Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。（与将来事实相反）［名师点津］含有条件状语从句中的虚拟语气使用时要注意以下几点：（1）主句中的should只用于第一人称I和we,但在美式英语中，should常被would代替：从句中的should可用于各种人称。（2）在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态常用“were”，非正式文体中单数第三人称也可用was。但Iflwereyou...句式中，不用was。（3）虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主语前,用倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.要是他们现在在这儿的话，就会帮助我们了。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。.宾语从句中的虚拟语气［名师点津］表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should+动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中“should”可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：主句从句谓语形式意义例句Iwish过去式（be用were）从句与现在事实相反IwishIweretenyearsyounger.但愿我能年轻10岁。could/would+动词原形从句与将来事实相反IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。过去完成时从句与过去事实相反IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我真希望昨天见到了那位电影明星。Iwouldrather过去时（be用were）从句与现在事实相反I'dratherwehadarestnow.我希望我们现在休息一下。过去时（be用were）从句与将来事实相反I'dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我宁愿你明天来，而不是今天。过去完成时从句与过去事实相反I'drathertheyhadn'tdroppedoutofschool.我真希望他们没有辍学。Iinsist/demand/require/request/propose/suggest/command/order..(should)+动词原形表示“建议、命令、要求”等，从句与将来事实相反。MyfathersuggestedthatI(should)takeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.爸爸建议我期末考试前睡眠要充足。一坚持(insist);二命令(command,order)；三建议(advise,suggest,propose);四要求(request,require,demand,desire)Iinsistedthatwe(should)tellthistoher.我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。Theteachersuggestedthatwc(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。•・❸©提升•・I.用所给动词的适当形式填空i.Whydidn,(youtellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhadtold(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.(2016•北京，34)waswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone»Iwouldhavebeeniniured(iniure).(2016•天津,15)3.1wouldratherhehadstayed(stay)athomeyesterday.wishhevisitcd(visit)usnow..Were(be)ittorain,thecropswouldbesaved..Hedidnotcome(notcome)yesterday,otherwiseyouwouldhaveseenhim..Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)go(go)totheseaside..Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisficd(satisfy)withourwork..Theoldmaninsistedthathehadneverseen(see)theyoungplayer.lO.IfIwere(be)you,Ishouldtellhimthetruth.II.用虚拟语气改写句子l.Shewasgivenenoughmoney.Sheboughtthebook.Ifshehadnotbeengivenenoughmoney,shewouldn'thaveboughtthebook..Hewantstocometotheparty,buthecan'tbecausehehastowork.Hewouldcometothepartyifhedidn'thavetowork..LiPingiseasygoing,soshehasanumberoffriends.Ifshewerenoteasygoing,LiPingwouldn'thaveanumberoffriends..Hewasnotfamiliarwithsoftware,sohewasfiredbyhisboss.Ifhehadbeenfamiliarwithsoftware,hewouldn'thavebeenfiredbyhisboss..Wcknowlittleaboutthedisease,sowcarcnotabletotreatthepatientseffectively.Ifweknewmoreaboutthedisease»wewouldheabletotreatthepatientseffectively.6.1bmdidn'tworkhardandhefailedtheexam.HadTomworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.7.HadIpersuadedhimnottodo