考研课阅读完型写作翻译

考研特训之阅读BESTSOLUTIONS孔

玮ContactMe新浪微博：孔玮VickySOMETHINGABOUTUSWritesomelinesaboutyourbusiness1of6

1of6考研阅读两条建议

考研阅读1.限时做真题：30分钟20分钟2.对题分类：

－完全有把握的理解

－纯靠不确定的猜蒙3.错题分析：

－熟悉干扰选项特征考纲对语言知识的要求

考研阅读1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。1）词汇的基本含义，2）词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；3）词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；4）掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。考纲对语言技能的要求

考研阅读1.阅读1）理解主旨要义。2）理解文章的具体信息。3）理解文章中的概念性的含义。4）进行有关判断、推理和引申。5）根据上下文推测生词的词义。6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。7）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。8）区分论点和论据。考纲对阅读的要求

考研阅读1）理解主旨要义。2）理解作者的意图、观点和态度3）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。4）区分论点和论据。5）理解文章的具体信息。6）根据上下文推测生词的词义。7）理解文章中的概念性的含义。8）进行有关判断、推理和引申。整体局部考纲对语言技能的要求1of6

考研阅读2.写作考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。1）写作时做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域*。考研阅读四大难点1of6

考研阅读1.词汇量2.长难句3.文章结构4.干扰选项单词与阅读结合的三大重点1of6考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意fineclaim单词与阅读结合的三大重点1of6考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意fine:好单词与阅读结合的三大重点1of6考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意fine:?单词与阅读结合的三大重点1of6考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意fine:微小的，细微的单词与阅读结合的三大重点1of6考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意fine:微小的，细微的单词与阅读结合的三大重点考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意claim:宣称，认为单词与阅读结合的三大重点考研阅读重点1：熟词僻意claim:拿回本应属于自己的东西单词与阅读结合的三大重点考研阅读重点2：遇到生词猜态度随手标记＋－号单词与阅读结合的三大重点考研阅读重点3：阅读后生词如何处理1）做题时标记，2）做完题分析文章时再查意思，3）记录到真题生词本。结构式阅读法考研阅读题文题结构宏观审题定位到段微观审题判断题型＋精确定位句逻辑路标词主题指导定位词选取考研阅读比较级极端词最高级否定词数词＋时间专有名词结构式阅读的根基考研阅读路标词转折：but,however,yet,nevertheless让步：ofcourse,admittedly对比：onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand结构式阅读的根基考研阅读路标词顺承：and,inthesameway,thatistosay,similarly,likewise罗列：first,another,some…others,even,then,besides,Inaddition,additionally,furthermore,what’smore,moreover举例：say,thinkof因果：consequently,hence,so

反

顺逻辑走向转折让步对比顺承罗列举例因果

反关系：重点在后头。

顺关系：后面信息往往是对前面信息的补充说明。

逻辑走向

宏观结构考研阅读微观结构考研阅读

主旨题考研阅读主旨的构成

主旨＝主题对象＋文章重心＋作者感情基调主旨的构成

主旨＝主题对象＋文章重心＋作者感情基调

开篇

各段分论点

开篇开篇

考研阅读直叙型开篇转折型开篇举例型开篇问答型开篇开篇

考研阅读直叙型开篇转折型开篇举例型开篇问答型开篇开篇1of6

考研阅读直叙型开篇转折型开篇举例型开篇问答型开篇把握住开篇就把握了subject+主题对象展开

考研阅读1.subject+what（从方方面面介绍主题）2.subject+why（介绍原因和理由）3.subject+how（怎么做，怎么办）4.subject+attitude把握住展开就把握了文章重心主旨题

总体原则：结构式阅读，重点抓开篇。PS：开篇的主旨段大多数是第一段，段落较多的文章也有可能是二、三段。2010Text1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.2010Text125.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory主题指导：主题对象＋文章重心＋作者的感情基调当在几个选项中纠结时，要跳出来，运用主题指导。一定要记住2009Text230. Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe____.[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting[B]DNAtestingandIt'sproblems[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab[D]liesbehindDNAtesting2009Text21.Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe'sthekid'sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.2009Text22.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirsteavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.2009Text23.Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'sgeographicroots.2009Text24.Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.5.Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.6.Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.2007Text125. Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”愚公移山[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”一分耕耘，一分收获[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”熟能生巧[D]“Likefather,likeson.”有其父，必有其子2007Text11Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.2007Text11Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.2Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.3AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”3AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”3AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”3AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”4Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasone.5Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.5Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.主旨题

主旨三要素

(1)subject(2)focus(3)attitude

范围意识

单对单，多对多，不大不小刚刚好

干扰(1)toospecific(2)toobroad主旨题1.开篇确认

主题对象2.归纳各段论点推出

focus3.难题需要

范围

的意识4.排除干扰：细节+宽泛

阅读题型2

例证题④Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated....Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns....(2009-T4)39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften_____.[A]influencedbysuperstitions[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs[C]puzzledbychurchsermons[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings例证题

原则

从论点出发来理解例子，反之则不行。

方法切割例子与论点的范围，往论点找答案。

干扰“就例论例”例证题1.判断题型，定位例子出处2.上(下)锁定

______3.正确答案是对_____的改写4.排除“______”的干扰24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5？[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.2006Text1RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”2006Text12003Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.2003Text142.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA2006Text3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.2006Text331.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat________.[A]largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment[B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared[C]largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday[D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones2004Text22IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?1Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.2IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.Englishnamesarefairly