高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列(三)

高考英语常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（三）重点单词详解1．occasionn．时机；场合occasion常与on搭配，onoccasion＝occasionally,fromtimetotime,attimes,sometimes,nowandthen“有时；偶尔”。1)Youshouldn'thavelostcontrolofyourtemper________________________________.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。2)Imeethim________________atthecluborinthetheatre.我有时在俱乐部或剧院遇到他。3)Allthepeopleinvolved________________________mustbepresent.所有与这起案件有关的人都必须出场。【答案】1)onsuchanoccasion2)onoccasion3)inthiscaseoccasion，situation,condition和case用法辨析occasion指特定的“时机；场合；良机”。situation往往指“情况；形式”。condition指某事发展、存在的状况、状态或条件。case常指事物的特定情况、情况真相，如“病例；案件”等。occasion后面的定语从句多由when或onwhich引导；situation，case后面的定语从句多由where或inwhich引导。(1)用occasion,case,condition或situation的适当形式填空1)Thereare_______when(onwhich)onemustgivein.2)Living________haveimprovedhereoverthelastfewyears.3)Inthestudyofmodernscience,there'remany________wheresoldierscanteachofficers.4)Thecurrentinternational________isnotoptimistic.【答案】1)occasions2)conditions3)cases4)situation(2)名校押题It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A．thatB．whenC．whichD．where【答案与解析】D考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是situation表示情景、形式，从句不缺少主语、宾语，所以选用连接副词where。2．dependvi.依靠；相信；信赖depend常与介词on或upon连用，后接名词、代词或从句作宾语。其后可接不定式作宾语补足语，其在口语中意为“看情况”，有thatdepends,itdepends,italldepends等。dependon后跟that引导的宾语从句时，应该在on后面加it，再加从句。dependencen.依靠；依赖；信任dependentadj.依靠的；依赖的；由……决定的independentadj.独立自主的；不受约束的independencen.独立；自主1)Itmaytakeseveralmonthstoreachyourtargetweight—it________________howmuchyouwanttolose.要达到你锁定的目标体重可能要花几个月的时间——这取决于你想要减掉多少。2)Youmay________________itthatweshallnevergiveup.你可以放心，我们永远不放弃。3)Successis________onhowhardyouwork.成败取决于你努力的程度。4)Iam________________yourcoming.我肯定你会来的。【答案】1)dependson2)dependon3)dependent4)dependingon/upon(1)用depend的适当形式填空1)Sometimeswearebusyandsometimeswearenot.________________________，yousee.2)It________howyoutaketheproblem.3)Findajobandendyour________________yourparents.4)Howmuchisproduced________________howhardwework.【答案】1)Italldepends2)depends3)dependenceon4)dependson(2)名校押题—AreyouleavingthisweekendornextMonday?—That________theweather.A．isdependedonB．isdependedonC．dependsonD．relieson【答案与解析】C考查动词词组辨析。relyon“依靠；依赖”；dependon“依赖；取决于”。答句题意：离开的天气取决于天气情况。根据习惯用法可知depend不用被动语态，所以选C项。3．attendvt.出席；参加；上(学)；到场；照料；护理attendantn.服务员attendancen.出席；到场attendalecture/amovie听演讲/看电影attendschool/class上学/上课attendameeting参加会议attendon/uponsb伺候某人；照顾某人attendto处理；专心于；照料1)Thepatientsarewell________inthehospital.病人在医院里得到了很好的照料。2)Ifnotinvited,Iwillnot________herweddingparty.如果不被邀请，我就不参加她的婚礼。3)Couldyou________________thismatterimmediately?你能不能立即处理这件事？【答案】1)attended2)attend3)attendto(1)用attend及其短语的适当形式填空1)Thisisthenursewho________________mewhenIwasillinhospital.2)Hewasverytiredafterthelongrun,andexpectedsomebodyto________________him.3)Whyweren'tyou________whenIexplainedbefore?4)Theyareexpectingalarge________atthemeeting.【答案】1)attendedto2)attendon3)attending4)attendance(2)名校押题Whentheyoungpolitician________thewedding,healwayswasin________thepresident.A．attended;attendanceonB．attended;attendanceC．attends;attendanceonD．hadattended;attendance【答案与解析】A第1空时态与主句was的时态同；attendance是名词，与另一名词连接时，需加介词，且beinattendanceonsb“陪侍(某人)”是固定搭配。4．contributevt.&vi.捐赠；提供；贡献；投稿contributionn.捐献；贡献contributorn.贡献者；捐助者contributeto有助于；促进makeacontributionto为……作贡献1)He________halfofhissavingtoearthquakevictims.他将积蓄的一半捐助给了地震灾民。2)Theconstructionofahighwaywill________________thedevelopmentoflocaleconomy.建造高速公路将有助于当地经济的发展。3)Theeditorsspeakhighlyofthearticleshe________________overtheyears.编辑们对他这些年撰写的稿件赞不绝口。4)Itisourdutyto______________________ourmotherland.为祖国作出贡献是我们的责任。【答案】1)contributed2)contributeto3)hascontributed4)makecontributionto(1)用contribute及其短语的适当形式填空1)Eachworker________onedollartotheRedCross.2)Asweallknow,freshairandplentyofexercise________________goodhealth.3)Theinventionofpaperwasagreat________tohumancivilization.4)He________________________themagazineforseveralyears.【答案】1)contributed2)contributeto3)contribution4)hascontributedto(2)名校押题—Thereisnodoubtthatyoursingingwill________greatlytothesuccessoftheparty.—I'msoflattered.A．devoteB．contributeC．promoteD．stick【答案与解析】B考查动词词义辨析。题意：“毫无疑问你的演唱对于聚会的成功作出了巨大贡献。”“你过奖了。”devoteto“专心致志于；把……献给”；contributeto“有助于；促进”；promote“提升”；stickto“坚持”。5．includingprep.包含；包括including是介词，后面要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。include是及物动词，后跟宾语或被动语态。included是形容词，意为“包括……在内的”，多放在名词或代词之后。1)Therearesixpeople,________threewomen.有六个人，包括三个妇女。2)Ourten－daytour________avisittoLondon.我们的十日游包括游览伦敦。3)Alotofstudentswerepraisedatthemeeting,Tom________.许多学生在会议上受到了表扬，包括汤姆在内。【答案】1)including2)included3)included(1)用include的适当形式填空1)Theconferencedelegates________representativesfromabroad.2)Thebandplayedmanysongs,________someofmyfavourites.3)Detailedinstructions________________inthebooklet.【答案】1)included2)including3)areincluded(2)名校押题Weareshortofteachers.Theteacherinhospital________，wehaveonly32.A．includingB．IncludedC．includesD．include【答案与解析】B考查词义辨析。including是介词，后接名词代词作宾语；include是及物动词，后面需要接宾语；included形容词，放在这里作后置定语。6．principlen.[C]原则；操守；道德标准；原理1)It's________________________________，sowecan'tgivein.这是原则问题，因此我们不能让步。2)Sheseemstohaveno________atallwhenitcomestomakingmoney.一谈到赚钱，她就好像完全不顾自己的原则了。3)Heisquite________________.他完全没有道德观念(他做的事一点都不道德)。【答案】1)amatterofprinciple2)principles3)withoutprinciple(1)完成句子Itis________________________(有违原则)totellalie.【答案】againstmyprinciple(2)名校押题Heisamanofhigh________andweallrespecthim.A．moralB．principleC．characterD．nature【答案与解析】B题意：他是有高度道德原则的人，我们都敬重他。principle“(行为的)准则；操守”；moral须加－s表示“道德”；character“人格”；nature“性格”。7．condemnvt.谴责；使……遭受；给……判刑condemnsb/sthfor/assth因……而谴责某人或某事condemnsbto...判处某人某种刑罚condemnsbtosth/todosth迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的状况)condemnableadj.该罚的；该受责备的condemnationn.定罪；谴责；指责condemnedadj.已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受谴责的1)Hislackofeducation________________________liveahardlife.他因未受教育而不得不过着艰苦的生活。2)Weall________________tochildren.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为。3)Thecriminal________________________death.这个罪犯被判处死刑。【答案】1)condemnedhimto2)condemncruelty(1)完成句子1)Hewasfoundguiltyand________________________________(处以枪决)．2)Mostpeoplewould_______________________________________(任何种类的暴力行为)．3)Asanoldperson,oneisoften________________________________(无奈而独自生活).【答案】1)condemnedtobeshot2)condemnviolenceofanysort3)condemnedtolivealone(2)名校押题Hefoundithardto________amotherwhostolebreadforahungrychild.A．compassB．CompeteC．complainD．condemn【答案与解析】D考查动词。题意：他不忍心谴责一个为饥饿的孩子偷面包的母亲。compass“图谋；计划；达到”；compete“比赛；竞争”；complain“抱怨；发牢骚”；condemn“谴责”。8．relevantadj.有关的；贴切的；中肯的berelevantto...与……有关relevance,relevancyn.有关；关联；贴切；中肯haverelevanceto...与……有关1)Thetsunami________________________________theearthquakedowntheocean.这次海啸与海底地震有很大的关系。2)Hisnationality________________________whetherheisagoodlawyer.他的国籍跟他是不是一个好律师不相关。3)Theprofessorhasgiventhestudentsalistofarticles________________thetopicunderdiscussion.教授已经给了学生们与讨论主题相关的文章清单。【答案】1)ismuchrelevantto2)isn'trelevantto3)relevantto(1)单项填空Any________informationmustbegiventoourteacherintheinterestofourclass.A．relevantB．concernedC．relevanceD．concerning【答案与解析】A题意：为了班级的利益，我们必须把有关信息汇报给老师。concerned只能后置，relevance是名词，而concerning为介词，均不合题意。(2)名校押题Agovernmentofficialwasmurderedlastweekandthepolicearecollectinginformationthatis________tothecase.A．relevantB．similarC．devotedD．addicted【答案与解析】A考查形容词。berelevantto...“与……有关”。题意：上周一位政府官员被谋杀，警察正搜寻与此案件相关的信息。9．considerateadj.考虑周到的；体谅的；体贴的；为(他人)着想的beconsiderateof/to/towardssb体贴某人considerableadj.相当大的；相当重要的；相当多的aconsiderablenumberof许多的；大量的consideringprep.&conj.考虑到；鉴于……；就……而言considerationn.考虑；认为takesthintoconsideration把……加以考虑considervt.考虑；认为1)Sheisa_______teacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她是一个乐于助人的体贴的老师。2)Heisnomore________ofothersthanhisbrotheris.他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。【答案】1)considerate2)considerate(1)用consider的适当形式填空1)________he'sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.考虑到他只学了一年英语，他讲得算是很流利了。2)There'rea________numberofpeoplewholikehimroundinsociety;they'reveryfashionablejustnow.在社交界有不少人喜欢他，这些人现在都很出风头。3)Ialwaystakefuelconsumptioninto________whenbuyingacar.我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。4)Thatmatterisunder________.那件事正在考虑中。5)Heshowedno________forhiswife.他不体贴妻子。【答案】1)Considering2)considerable3)consideration4)consideration5)consideration(2)名校押题Itwasvery________ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.A．considerableB．consideringC．considerateD．considered【答案与解析】Citis/wasconsiderateofsbtodosth“某人去做某事真是太体贴了”，为固定结构。重点短语详解1．drawup起草；草拟(文件)；到达(某处)停下；挺直身体；将……拉近drawone'sattention吸引某人的注意drawaconclusion得出结论1)They________________alistofcandidates.他们草拟了一份候选人的名单。2)Thecar________________atthetrafficlights.汽车见到交通灯的信号停下来了。3)She________________thehorseatthetopofthehill.她在山顶上将马拉住。4)He________________________andwalkedtotheplatform.他挺直了身体走上讲台。5)________________achair,andjointheconversation.拉把椅子过来，加入我们的谈话吧。【答案】1)drewup2)drewup3)drewup4)drewhimselfup5)Drawup(1)单项填空Afterheretiredfromoffice,Rogers________paintingforawhile，butsoonlostinterest.A．tookupB．savedupC．keptupD．drewup【答案与解析】A考查动词词义辨析。由后置语境“butsoonlostinterest”可知，空白处应表示“对……产生兴趣”，故A项正确。saveup“储蓄”；keepup“使……不掉下来”；drawup“起草；拟订”。(2)名校押题Whodoyouknow_______theDeclarationofIndependencewhentheUnitedStatesbrokeawayfromBritain?A．turnedupB．cameupC．drewupD．tookup【答案与解析】C考查up相关短语辨析。根据题意是表达起草美国的《独立宣言》，故答案为C项。drawup“起草；拟订”。2．can'thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事；情不自禁做某事can'thelpdo＝can'thelptodo不能帮忙做……can't(help)butdo不得不做……；只能做……1)He_____________________whenhesawhissickmother.见到生病的母亲他禁不住哭了。2)They___________________atthefunnypictures.见到这些滑稽的图片，他们禁不住笑了。【答案】1)couldn'thelpcrying2)couldn'thelplaughing(1)单项填空Whileshopping,peoplesometimes________intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.A．can'thelptopersuadeB．can'thelppersuadingC．can'thelpbeingpersuadedD．hadbetterbepersuaded【答案与解析】Ccan'thelpdoingsth“禁不住做某事；情不自禁地做某事”；can'thelptodosth“不能帮助做某事”。在此题中要注意用被动形式。题意：在购物时，人们有时会禁不住被说服去买一些他们并不需要的东西。(2)名校押题—Wouldyoupleasehelpmewithmyluggage?—Sorry，I________it.Mineisevenharder.A．cannothelpcarryingC．cannotbutcarryB．cannothelpbutcarryD．cannothelpcarry【答案与解析】D答语前句意为“对不起，我不能帮助搬行李”。cannothelpdoing“禁不住做”；cannothelpbutdo“不得不做；忍不住做”；cannothelpdo“不能帮忙做”，故选D项。3．goahead走在前面；先走；进行；发生goahead(withsth)(尤指经某人允许，或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做；着手干1)I'll________________andtellthemyou'reontheway.我要先走一步，告诉他们你在路上。2)Despitethebadweather,thefetewill________________.尽管天气不好，游乐会照常举行。3)Thebuildingofthenewbridgewill______________asplanned.新桥的修建将按计划进行。4)—MayIstartnow?我现在可以开始吗？—Yes,________________.可以，开始吧。5)Thegovernmentintendsto________________withitsprivatizationplans.政府拟推行私有化计划。【答案】1)goahead2)goahead3)goahead4)goahead5)goahead1)单项填空—CouldIaskyousomeratherpersonalquestions?—Ofcourse,________.A．excusemeB．goaheadC．goodideaD．forgetit【答案与解析】Bgoahead“问吧”。(2)名校押题—WasMarysorryforwhatshe'ddone?—________.A．NowonderB．WelldoneC．NotreallyD．Goahead【答案与解析】Cnowonder“不足为奇；难怪”；welldone“做得好”；notreally“事实上没有”；goahead“做吧”。根据题意选C项。4．morethan更；更加；较为；更大程度地morethan用于比较意义，表示“比……多”；用于数词前，表示“超过；多余”，还可表示“不仅仅是；非常”的意思。1)Hisknowledgeis________________mine.他的知识比我的丰富。2)ChinaDailyis________________anewspaper.Itcanhelpus________English.《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸。它还能帮助我们学习英语。【答案】1)morethan2)morethan；learn(1)morethan＋表语(形容词或分词)，相当于very或much。Herparentsaremorethan(＝much)pleasedwithherresults.她父母对她的成绩很满意。(2)morethan＋名词，相当于notonly。Hibernationismorethansleep.Itisaverydeepsleep.冬眠不仅是睡眠，而且是很深的睡眠。(3)“morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.不止一个学生看过那部电影。(4)more＋名词＋than＋名词，表示“与其说……，不如说……”。Itisevenmoreapoemthanapicture.与其说它是一幅画，倒不如说它是一首诗。(5)no＋morethan相当于only或notanymorethan。Ihav