Unit1Nature-基础版(教师版)-2020-2021学年高中英语上外版必修第二册同步讲义

新高一Unitl（上外基础版）学习目标：熟练掌握U1词汇和句型；熟练掌握并运用定语从句。、；熟悉专题阅读引入：Doyouknowthereason Tomdidn’tcomeyesterday?A.Which B.why C.whoD.thatAfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.that D.whenIsthisthereason shegavefornotfinishingherhomeworkyesterday?A.whyB.forwhichC.thatD.towhichAfterthewar,anewschoolwasputup therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.which C.whenD.whereDoyouknowthereason shegotsoangryyesterday?A.whyB.that C.whichD.whomDoyoubelievethereason hegaveforhisbeinglate?A.whyB.forwhichC.whichD.itHehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.whenIdon’tliketheway youspeaktoher.A.whichB./C.ofwhichD.bywhichTheoldmantoldus thedays hewaspoorweregone.A.that,whenB.what,whenC.when,thatD.something,thatIshallneverforgettheday ShenzhouVwaslaunched, hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whichB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;that【答案】1-5BBCDA6-10CABAA知识点一、词汇与词组【知识梳理】1.creature/kri:tJVn.Youcanrefertoanylivingthingthatisnotaplantasacreature,especiallywhenitisofanunknownorunfamiliarkind.Peoplealsorefertoimaginaryanimalsandbeingsascreatures.(尤指不明的或想像中的)生物;动物【同根词】creativeadj有创造力的2.creativityn.创造力paradise/p史radas/n.Accordingtosomereligions,paradiseisawonderfulplacewherepeoplegoaftertheydie,iftheyhaveledgoodlives.天堂wither/W加/vi.Ifsomeoneorsomethingwithers,theybecomeveryweak.变虚弱【短语】witheraway变虚弱vi.Ifaflowerorplantwithers,itdriesupanddies.(花朵或植物)枯萎replace/riples/vt.Ifonethingorpersonreplacesanother,thefirstisusedoractsinsteadofthesecond.代替;取代vt.Ifyoureplaceonethingorpersonwithanother,youputsomethingorsomeoneelseintheirplacetodotheirjob.用…代替;用…替换近义词：substitute/SAbsti|tju：t/n/v.Ifyousubstituteonethingforanother,orifonethingsubstitutesforanother,ittakestheplaceorperformsthefunctionoftheotherthing.替代品/以…代替;代替【固定搭配】replaceAwithB用B替换AsubstituteAforB用A代替B注意二者的区别！theory/19er/n.Atheoryisaformalideaorsetofideasthatisintendedtoexplainsomething.理论【短语】intheory从理论上讲reward/riWod/1)n.Arewardissomethingthatyouaregiven,forexamplebecauseyouhavebehavedwell,workedhard,orprovidedaservicetothecommunity.奖励2)n.Arewardisasumofmoneyofferedtoanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutlostorstolenproperty,amissingperson,orsomeonewhoiswantedbythepolice.赏金3)vt.Ifyoudosomethingandarerewardedwithaparticularbenefit,youreceivethatbenefitasaresultofdoingthatthing.回报4)n.Therewardsofsomethingarethebenefitsthatyoureceiveasaresultofdoingorhavingthatthing.回报【近义词辨析】reward,award这组词都有“难予奖励”的意思，其区别是：reward指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。award侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。solution/sah：fn/1)n.Asolutiontoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.解决办法2)n.Thesolutiontoapuzzleistheanswertoit.谜底【固定搭配】solutionto 的解决方案/谜底ignore/gMo/1)vt.Ifyouignoresomeoneorsomething,youpaynoattentiontothem.不理睬2)vt.Ifyousaythatanargumentortheoryignoresanimportantaspectofasituation,youarecriticizingitbecauseitfailstoconsiderthataspectortotakeitintoaccount.(某论断或理论)忽视restore/riSto/1)vt.Torestoreasituationorpracticemeanstocauseittoexistagain.恢复restorationn.恢复vt.Torestoresomeoneorsomethingtoapreviousconditionorplacemeanstocausethemtobeinthatconditionorplaceonceagain.使复原4)vt.Whensomeonerestoressomethingsuchasanoldbuilding,painting,orpieceoffurniture,theyrepairandcleanit,sothatitlookslikeitdidwhenitwasnew.修复5)vt.Ifsomethingthatwaslostorstolenisrestoredtoitsowner,itisreturnedtothem.归还【短语】backupandrestore备份与还原10.destroy/diStro/1)vt.Todestroysomethingmeanstocausesomuchdamagetoitthatitiscompletelyruinedordoesnotexistanymore.摧毁2)vt.Todestroysomeonemeanstoruintheirlifeortomaketheirsituationimpossibletobear.毁掉3)vt.Ifananimalisdestroyed,itiskilled,eitherbecauseitisillorbecauseitisdangerous.宰杀【近义词辨析】destroy,break,wreck,ruin,spoil,damage这组词都有“破坏，损坏”的意思，其区别是：1)destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。2)ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。3)spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。4)damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。flourish/Hat/1)viIfsomethingflourishes,itissuccessful,active,orcommon,anddevelopingquicklyandstrongly.繁荣;兴旺2)adj.flourishing繁荣的;兴旺的vi.Ifaplantoranimalflourishes,itgrowswellorishealthybecausetheconditionsarerightforit.(动植物因环境适宜而)旺盛vt.Ifyouflourishanobject,youwaveitaboutinawaythatmakespeoplenoticeit.挥舞5)n.Flourishisalsoanoun.挥动【短语】infullflourish在全盛时，盛极一时balance/b国sns/1)v.Ifyoubalancesomethingsomewhere,orifitbalancesthere,itremainssteadyanddoesnotfall.使平衡;平衡2)n.Balanceistheabilitytoremainsteadywhenyouarestandingup.平衡能力【短语】balancebetween…之间的平衡in/onbalanceadv.总而言之，总的来说inthebalance悬而未决；在危急状态中balancesheet资产负债表delicate/'delkt/adj.Ifsomethingisdelicate,itiseasytoharm,damage,orbreak,andneedstobehandledortreatedcarefully.易碎的;脆弱的.adj.Somethingthatisdelicateissmallandbeautifullyshaped.精巧的;精美的.adj.Somethingthatisdelicatehasacolour,taste,orsmellwhichispleasantandnotstrongorintense.柔和的(颜色);清淡可口的(味道)adjYouusedelicatetodescribeasituation,problem,matter,ordiscussionthatneedstobedealtwithcarefullyandsensitivelyinordertoavoidupsettingthingsoroffendingpeople.微妙的【例题精讲】1.Althoughthecorallookshard,itisvery (易碎的).【答案】delicate例2.A.ignoreB.solutionC.rewardE.paradiseF.theoryG.destroyH.creatureI.witherJ.restoreK.replace1.Althoughhehassoughttofindapeaceful,heisfacingpressuretousegreatermilitaryforce.2.Onespeciesoftreeanotherasaforestages.Thefirmlastnightoffereda$10,000forinformationleadingtotheconvictionofthekiller.Baliisoneoftheworld'sgreatnatural.AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingpossessesaspirit.Shesaidherhusbandher.Whenhewentintoretirement,hevisibly.Marxproducedanewabouthistoricalchangebaseduponconflictbetweencompetinggroups.Thearmyhasrecentlybeenbroughtintoorder.【答案】1-5:solution;replaces;reward;paradises;creature6-9:ignored;withered;theory;restore;【巩固练习】1,你现在吃的药可能会影响你的平衡能力。（balance）2,这种植物在较为恶劣一点的气候中长得特别茂盛。（flourish）.要是我年轻点儿或幼稚点儿，这批评可能已经把我毁了。（destroy）.我们会让她恢复健康，但这或许需要时间。（restore）.此类争论忽视了最终责任何在的问题。（ignore）【答案】Themedicinesyouarecurrentlytakingcouldbeaffectingyourbalance.Theplantflourishesparticularlywellinslightlyharsherclimes.IfIwasyoungerormorenaive,thecriticismwouldhavedestroyedme.Wewillrestorehertohealthbutitmaytaketime.Suchargumentsignorethequestionofwhereultimateresponsibilitylay.知识点二、定语从句专题梳理【知识梳理】一、语法知识归纳基本概念：定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when,where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注

who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.whom,which和that在whose人定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.从句中做宾语时，常可关，Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.以省略，但介词提前时系物后面关系代词不能省代人主语，Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.略，也不可以用that词that，物宾语Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.主Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.which物语，Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwas宾语terrible.人主语，Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as做宾语一般不省略as，ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.物宾语例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek? （作主语）Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished. （作主语）Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast. （作宾语）Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou. （作宾语）Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用that。⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI'veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven'tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn'ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时。例如：①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.（四）其它情况⑴先行词既有人又有物时。例如：①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。例如：①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?（五）与whose有关的问题⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如：①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。例如：①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.fThebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或fThebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow? (which作介词with的宾语)fHaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who。⑵介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略。⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：①错误：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正确：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?②错误：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如：①Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?②Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。五、如何选择关系代词,关系副词先把主句和定语从句分开,再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词),然后放入定语从句中,看看这两者的搭配情况。1)如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连,且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话,则用关系代词。因为关系代词也属于代词,而代词功能同名词,在句子中一般充当语/宾语/表语。如：Thisisthecity(which/that)youvisitedlastyear.定语从句所修饰的先行词是thecity,放入定语从句youvisitedlastyear中，则它直接充当visited的宾语，变成：youvisitedthecitylastyear.2)如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连,必须另外多加上介词,并在定语从句中充当状语时,则使用关系副词。如：Thisisthecitywhereyoustayedlastyear.定语从句所修饰的先行词也是thecity,将其放入定语从句中不能直接作成分，必须加上介词in,一起做从句的地点状语，即定语从句变为：youstayedinthecitylastyear.六、定语从句改错考点定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确，尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外， 是否还有多余的代词或副词。【例题精讲】例1.OnthetrainIsawastudent Ithoughtwasyoursister.【答案】who例2..他挥手从腋下取出帽子，拉低帽檐盖住眼睛。(flourish)【答案】Hetookhiscapfromunderhisarmwithaflourishandpulleditlowoverhiseyes.2,那是一个摧毁经济、制造混乱的注定因素。(destroy)【答案】That'sasurerecipefordestroyingtheeconomyandcreatingchaos.【巩固练习】Chinaisthecountry hespentthebestpartofhislife.Haveyougotanything belongstome?Thisisthemagazine Icopiedtheparagraph.Ididn’tliketheway shetreatedchildren.Heistheonlyoneofthethree gotthenewidea.Theboss departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.Alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.Itwasatourcollegelibrary Iborrowedthenovel.【答案】1.where 2.that 3.fromwhich4.that5.whohas6.inwhose7.withwhom 8.that知识点三、专题阅读【例题精讲】例1.SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes（原型），ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket，respectively，thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly（组装）wascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundtotallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytoreachorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.ThathonourwillbelikelytogotoMk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadded.StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextcoupleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplanstobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsfromnow.TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.LikemostofMusk'splans,theseconstructionschedulesarequiteambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.Butthecompanyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.TheMk1andMk2StarshipsareequippedwiththreeofSpaceX’snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.AtpresentSpaceXisbuildingoneRaptoreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenSpaceXstartsbuildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthelatest.ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebillionaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundthemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?Itisanimaginarypassenger-carryingvehicle.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.Itisastainless-steelspaceshipunderconstruction.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.ByfourofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.BysixofSpaceXsnext-generationRaptorengines.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?Itwilltakeupto100passengerstospace.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.Ithasbeenunderconstructionforaboutoneyear.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?TheprojectofSpaceXispromising.Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.Morefinancialsupportisdesperatelyneeded.【答案】BDDA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了SpaceX很快就会拥有一整支闪亮的银色星际飞船原型舰队，ElonMusk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造的星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。文章详细介绍了星际飞船系列飞船的计划和配置情况。.细节理解题。根据第一段中日onMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassemblywascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk's12卜可知ElonMusk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造星际飞船和超重型，以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。发布会在SpaceX公司的南德克萨斯基地举行，展示了165英尺高的星际飞船Mkl，这是第一艘全尺寸的星际飞船原型，它的组装工作在马斯克演讲前几天完成。以及第二段中SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.可知马斯克表示，SpaceX的目标是在未来一两个月里，在无人驾驶的12英里高空试飞不锈钢Mk1。由此可知，星际飞船Mk1是一艘无人驾驶可重复使用的大型宇宙飞船。故选B。.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.可知然而，从Mk3开始之后的版本，将由6架猛禽提供动力，就像最后一艘投入使用的星际飞船一样。马斯克曾表示，这艘飞船最多可以搭载100名乘客。由此可知，SpaceX公司的下一代猛禽发动机为Mk5提供动力。故选D。.细节理解题。根据第三段中TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.可知在那之后不久，Mk4将在佛罗里达州成形——它可能最终成为第一艘环绕地球的星际飞船。由此可知，与以前的星际飞船相比，Mk4不久就会进入地球轨道。故选D。.推理判断题。根据最后一段中ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.可知如果测试活动继续顺利进行，最终的星际飞船可能很快升空。由此可推知，最后一段提到YusakuMaezawa的目的是为了表明SpaceX的项目是很有希望的。故选A。【巩固练习】（A）Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels（刚性太阳能电池板）cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite钙钛矿）cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Shecofoundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable（可持续的）developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’scomplex.C.It’sflexible. D.It’sexpensive.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?SkanskaandAdamTargowski.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.SoleilTechnologies.Perovskitepanels.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.【答案】CDDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskitecangoalmostanywhere”可知，钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制，由此可知它具有灵活性，故C项正确。.词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句"Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter”可知，Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法，就像喷墨打印机一样，这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用，不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用，由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear”可知，一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了，由此可知，很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。.主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景，由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板，故B项正确。(B)WanderingtheBritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpreciousobjectsarethingsthatwereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast.OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thousandsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewthemaway.FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife.ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.Single-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteightmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroceanseveryyear.AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamartistGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfibers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativeandpracticalwaytogivethissingle-usematerialasecondlife.CommunitiesacrossthePacificareworkingtogethertofighttheproblemthroughrepurposingthrown—awayitemsandbanningsomesingle-useplasticitems.However,theselocalresponsescanbynomeansreducethescaleoftheproblem.Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.IftherubbishfromStapleHowecanhelpusbuildstoriesanddetailsofpeoplelivinginancientBritain,whatcantoday’splasticrubbishtellusaboutourselves?WhyarethedesertedobjectsinStapleHowevaluable?A.Theywerecreatedbyhand. B.Theywerebeautifullydecorated.C.Theyconsistofpreciousmaterials. D.Theybearinformationoflifeinthepast.InwhichwaydidGuerrerochangethetraditionalfishingbasket?A.Material. B.Technique.C.Color.D.Wrapping.C.Color.Theexhibition,Disposable? .isdisplayedintworoomsisheldbyPacificcommunitiesdisplaysbothancientandmodemitemsshowsStapleHowe’sinfluenceonPacificcommunitiesWhatdoesthewritersuggestabouttheplasticcrisis?Leavingittoindividuals.Holdinginternationalconcerts.LocalresponsesfromStapleHowe.Aunitedeffortbyglobalgovernments.【答案】DACD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大英博物馆3号房间的一次性？展览所展示的展品及其意义和反映的问题。.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife."可知，从斯特普尔豪斯的废弃物中我们了解到它的居民是充满智慧的：一个破碎的罐子被回收用来制作一个纺锤轮，一把剃刀被磨快来延长它的使用寿命，由此可知，斯特普尔豪斯被遗弃的物品有价值是因为它们承载了过去生活的信息（从它们我们能够了解过去人们生活的一些情况），故D项正确。.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.”可知，几个世纪以来，关岛的捕鱼篮都是用椰叶做的，但格雷罗在这里使用的是当地海滩上发现的塑料包装，也就是说格雷罗通过改变制作材料改变了传统的捕鱼篮，故A项正确。.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.”可知，一次性？展览展出了在斯特普尔豪斯发现的、公元前700年到公元前450年之间的人类定居点的一组废弃物品；再根据第三段中的“ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.”可知，一次性？展览的后半部分展示现代垃圾对太平洋岛国居民的影响，由此可知，一次性？展览展示了古代和现代物品，故C项正确。A.whom B.who C.which D.thatA.whom B.who C.which D.that.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.”可知，作者认为解决塑料危机不能只靠个人和社区，需要全球各国政府共同努力，故D项正确。课堂训练：练习1.Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.where C.whatD.inwhich.Doyouknowtheman ?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo D.thatIspoke.Thisisthehotel lastmonth.A.whichtheystayed B.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedat D.wheretheystayed.Doyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.which B.thatC.whenD.onwhich.Thatistheday I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when.Thefactory we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory weareworkingsincethen.A.whereB.thatC.which D.there.Thisisoneofthebestfilms .A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked.Canyoulendmethebook theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalked B.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalked D.thatyoutalked.Thepen heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof satasmallboy..Theengineer myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichwanttousethesamedictionary wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish, weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing, totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.Iwentwith B.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike asyouread.A.thenovels B.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whom D.what【答案】1-5ACDCA6-10CAAAA11-15CDDAD16-20DBBCB练习2Recently,re