2019新人教版高二英语选择性必修二全册课文英文与汉语翻译Word(英汉对照)

2020新人教版高二英语选修二课文与翻译2020新人教版高二英语选修二课文与翻译Unit1ReadingandThinking

JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”约输•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor.JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thwhenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandfor・人丧・至没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望Indoctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500查明原因。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks16373840)(202189却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7非常喜欢从让人斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓１延。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowa linkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater染上霍乱。ThroughSnow’stirelesswatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial。However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandSnowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology约翰斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewanglerequirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.----AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld译文：提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。UsingLanguageERFS中国航天之父PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.“”献成就斐然。BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年２淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.Asagraduate assistantattheCaliforniainstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,heandseveralotherpeoplefoundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'Sleadingspace-explorationcentres.1935先的太空探索研究中心。AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUSQianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketscienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthat discouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.Whenasked"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”hisreplywasadetermined"Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeople留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发:“:“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国”UnderQiansleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullauncheditsfirstman -madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof"thefatherofChinas东风“”1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追中国航天之父”Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehiminspirationinhisscientificresearch.作带来灵感。On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQiansdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.20091031日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。３AWORLDOFPURETHOUGHT一个纯思维的世界StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchairunabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscleshisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.・世界Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneralthereweretwomaintheoriesontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniverse beganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle’slectures,Hawkingstoodupand pointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangnotthesteadystatetrue.ownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwas。霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终;另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfightagainsthisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.那么，是什么使史蒂芬・霍金成为一名天オ呢?除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。ReadingandWriting(Workbook)1Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectanswertocompletethestatement.AlANDHUMANBEINGSIsitpossibletomakemachinesthinklikehumans?ThisisonequestioninresearchinthefieldofArtificialIntelligence,or"AI”.Tothinklikeahuman,itinvolvesfeelings,morality,hopes,anddreams,Humansarecapableofmakingdecisionsbythemselveswithoutinputfromothers,andtheycanlearnfromexperience.４有没有可能让机器像人类一样思考？这是人工智能，即"AI".Inaddition,humansareabletocreatethingsfromtheirowninspirationfortheirownpleasure.Thequestioniswhethermachinescaneverreallythinkinalltheseaspects.行思考。Theideaofacomputerthatisall-powerfulandcanthinkandmakedecisionsforitselfterrifiesmanypeople.Insomefilms,Alevendecidesthatallhumansmustbekilled.ManypeoplearealsoconcernedthatAIwillbeusedtoreplacehumans.必须杀死所有的人类。很多人还担心人工智能会被用来取代人类。YetothersarecomfortedbythethoughtofAl,MaybewithAl,robotscanbemadetoreplacelovedoneswhohavedied.Today,thecreationofanall-powerfulcomputercapableofhumanthoughtisstillinprogress.Wehavecompanionrobots,anditislikelythattheywillgrowmoreimportantinourlivesastimegoesby.However,theneedforsuchrobotsdoesnotseemtobeascriticalasourheadforintelligentmachinesthatcansolveproblemsbylearningfromtheirobservationsandexperience.Al，它们在们需要的是能够通过观察和经验的学习来解决问题的智能机器。ForAlisalreadybeingusedwithgreatsuccessinInternetsearchenginesandasapersonalassistantinoursmartphones.Itlearnsfromourhabitstohelpusfindwhatwewantandlike.Alisalsousedtodiagnoseproblemsandsuggestsolutions.ResearchersarealsoexperimentingwiththeuseofAlindriverlesscarswhichcansensetheirsurroundingsanddecideonthebestwaytoreachadestination.Itisalsobeingusedineducation,particularlyinonlinecourses.Furthermore,industriesthatuserobotsforrepetitiveordangerousworkoftenturntoAltomanagetheseelectronicworkers. Inaddition,virtualassistantsarealsobeingusedinsomehomestoday.Inthenearfuture,itislikelythatAlwillbeusedtomanagesmarthomesandhandleanevengreatervarietyoftaskssuchassettingoutfavouriteclothesandhelpinguswithourpersonalgrooming.Al还被用来诊断问题并提出解决方案。研究人员还在尝试将AlAl来管理这些电子工很有可能被用来管理智能家居，并处理更多种类的任务，比如摆放喜欢的衣服，帮助我们进行个人修饰。５TheAloftodayhasalreadyprovenitssuperioritytohumansinmanyareas.Doyouthinkthatwecancreatearobotthatthinkslikeahumanoronethatisevenmoreintelligent?Ifso,istheretrulyadifferencebetweenAIandahuman?如今的Al已经在很多方面证明了它对人类的优越性器人，或者是一个更加智能的机器人吗？如果可以，人工智能和人类真的有区别吗？Iamnotthesame,havingseenthemoonshineontheothersideoftheworld.----MaryAnneRadmacher在世界的另一端看过月光闪耀，我就不会是同样的自己了。Unit2.BRIDGINGCULTUREReadingandThinkingWELCOME，XIELEIBUSINESSSTUDENTBUILDINGBRIDGES“欢迎你，谢蕾!”商科学生搭建文化交流的桥梁Sixmonthsago，19-year-oldXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsandboardedaplaneforLondon.ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina. “Iwasveryexcitedbutalsoquitenervous.Ididn’tknowwhattoexpect,”XieLeirecalled.”谢蕾回忆道。XieLeiisstudyingforabusinessqualificationatauniversityinChinaandhascometoouruniversityonayear-longexchangeprogramme."IchosetheexchangeprogrammebecauseIwantedtolearnaboutglobalbusinessandimprovemyEnglish.MyambitionistosetupabusinessinChinaaftergraduation,"sheexplained.谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。“”她解释道。Atfirst,XieLeihadtoadapttolifeinadifferentcountry.“Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewshesaid.IhadtoearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.WhenIgotlost,Ihadtoaskpassers-byforhelp,butpeopleherespeakfastandusewordsI’mnotfamiliarwith.Iaskthemtorepeatthemselvesa起初，谢蕾不得不去适应习惯!”Althoughsomeforeignstudentsliveincampusaccommodation,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily ，６whocanhelpwithheradaptationtothenewculture.WhenImisshome,Ifeelcomfortedtohaveasecondfamily，XieLeisaid“Whenthere’ssomethingIdon’tknoworunderstandIcanaskthem.TheyarealsokeentolearnaboutChina.Laura,thedaughterofmyhostfamily,wantstostudyinChinainthefuture.Wetaketurnstocookeachevening.Theyreallylovemystir-friedtomatoesandeggs!Laurasaysshealwaysfeelshungrywhenshesmellsit,soItaughtherhowtocookit,too.虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭有助于她适应异国文化。“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰轮流!劳拉说，每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我教她做这道菜。AnotherchallengeforXieLeiistheacademicrequirements.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknewlessthanotherpeople.HertutoradvisedhertoreadlotsofinformationinordertoformawiseopinionofherownXieLeialsofoundmanycoursesincludedstudents’participationinclassaspartofthefinalresult.Studentsneedtogenerateideas,offerexamples,applyconcepts,andraisequestions,aswellasgivepresentations.Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay,butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherself speakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.“MypresentationontraditionalChineseartwasagreatsuccess,whichboostedmyconfidence,”shesaid.“I’llusetheseskillsbackhomeforpresentations.They'llhelpmebuildastrongbusinessinthefuture.”间后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中，帮助我未来打造一家强大的企业Nowhalfwaythroughherexchangeyear,XieLeifeelsmuchmoreathomeintheUK.Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoher."EngaginginBritishculturehashelped,shesaid."Aswellasstudyinghard,I'vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.Britishpeoplearefascinatedbyourcultureandeagertolearnmoreaboutit,soI’mkeentosharemyculturewiththem.WhileI‘mlearningaboutbusinessI'malsoactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetween。年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常。融入英国文化使我受益匪浅使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起一座桥梁。７elwessnr,trwehralle我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利UsingLanguage

STUDYINGABROADISITAGOODORABADIDEA?留学:好主意，还是坏主意?DearEditor尊敬的编辑:Inthepastfewdecades,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpeoplestudyingabroad.Althoughstudyingabroadcanbringgreatbenefits,Ithinkthedisadvantagesforyoungpeoplearegreater.过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益但我认为，留学对年轻人来说是弊大于利Tobeginwith,manystudentswhostudyabroadfacegreateconomicpressure.Thatmeansstudyingabroadisjustnotpossibleforeveryone.Tuitionfeesandlivingexpensesaremuchmoreexpensivethanathomeandcouldendupcostingmostfamiliesanarmandaleg.StudyinginChinaismuchmoreconvenientandcanhelpsavemoney首先可能要花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。Anotherimportantfactortoconsideristhetremendouspressurethatcomeswithstudyingabroad.Studentsmustlearnhowtoliveinanunfamiliarenvironmentwithlimitedlanguageskills.Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.Otherstudentsarenotmatureenoughtohandlethechallengesbythemselvesandmaybecomedepressed.Somestudentsmightevenencounterproblemswithpersonalsafety.Inaddition,differentapproachestoteachingandlearningmaycomeasashocktomanystudents文化冲击的折磨，另一此外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击。Afinalpointtoconsideristhatwhilestudyingabroaddoeshavepotentialbenefits,youngpeoplewhostudyinChinaalsohaveagreatfutureto lookforwardto!AsChinahasboomedtheeducationalenvironmenthasimprovedsignificantly,withmanygreatuniversitiesnowavailable.Theyhavegreatfacilitiesandoutstandingprofessors,helpingtoeducateyoungpeoplewhowillcontributetotheeconomyandfurtherstrengthenourcountry.最后要考虑的一点是:尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期!随着中国８养为经济作贡献、进步增强我国实力的年轻人。Tosumup,onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages,sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroadyoushouldconsiderthesemanyfactors综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是:留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。Kindregard谨致问候!WangLi(otheroftwingirls)王丽(一对双胞胎女孩的母亲)☆ ★ ☆ ★ ☆DearEditor尊敬的编辑Isstudyingabroadagoodideaornot?Therearecertainlydisadvantages,butinmyopinion,theadvantagesaremuchgreater.AsIalwaystellmyson,therearenogreatdifficultiesorapersonwhoisbrave,optimistic,andwillingtoworkhard!!Thefirstadvantageofstudyingabroadispersonalgrowth.Theeducationyougainandtheexperiencesyouhavewillchangeyouforthebetter.Forexample,youwillcertainlybecomemoreindependentbecauseyouwillhavetodealwithallkindsofdifficultiesbyyourself.Studyingabroadalsohelpsyoutogainaglobalperspectiveandimproveyourgeneralcompetence要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力。Anotheradvantageistheincreasedchanceforculturalexchange.Chinesestudentscanbeseenasculturalenvoypromotingfriendshipbetweennations.InternationalstudentsinChinaalsobringtheircolourfulcultureshere.Cooperatingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentanglesandthusgivesusmoreinsightintoourownculture.留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。Finally,studyingabroadprovidesagreatopportunitytocontributetothedevelopmentofourmotherland.sl,hshasetandd,sdsesacrosstheworld.Therefore,Chinaneedsmoretalentedyoungpeoplewithaglobalperspectivewhoarehighlycompetentwithlanguageshaveleadershipandorganisationalskills,andhavestrongculturalawareness.Studentswhostudyabroadwilldevelopsuchskillsandabilities,andtheseinturnwillprovidethemwithbettercareeropportunities９“倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有オ能、有国际视野、语言能力极强具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文Allinall,studyingabroadhelpstobuildcharacterandincreaseunderstandingofculturaldiversitywhilestrengtheningChinaandbuildingasharedfutureforall.Ithinkthislife -changingexperienceiscertainlyworthwhileandIhopemychildwillstudyabroadinthefuture.打造一个共同的未来。我觉得这段改变人生的经历肯定是值得的，我希望孩子将来能出国留学。Sincerelyyours此致敬礼ZhangYi(atherofoneboy)张毅(一个男孩的父亲)你好，琼姨ReadingandWriting(Workbook)Hithere,AuntJoan你好，琼姨Howareyou?MumsaidyouaskedhowIwasdong,soletmetellyouaboutmylifehere.你还好吗？妈妈说你问我怎么样，所以让我告诉你我在这里的生活。Asyouknow,beeninChinaforaroundamonthnow.IwanttostudyinalocaluniversitywhichiswhyItookthoseafter-schoolChineseclasses.IdecidedonChinabecauseit'sacountrywithtradelinksallovertheword.Studyingherecouldbeusefulinfindingagoodjobintradeorbusiness.What'smore,ChineseCultureisreallyinteresting,sochoosingtocomeherewasaforme!你也知道，我来到中国已经一个月了。我想在当地的大学里学习所以我参加了课后中文课。我之所找到一份好工作。而且，中国文化真的很有趣，所以选择来这里对我来说是个不二之选。Havingsaidthat,Chinaisn’tlikeIthoughtitmightbe.Ithoughtitwouldbequiteoldandtraditionalbutinmanyways,thecitesarejustasmodemasbackhomeinVancouver,onlywithlotsmorepeople!There’ssomuchmorefoodtotrytoo,andit’salldelicious!EverywhereIgo,Iseerestaurantsandsnackstalls—itseemstobeabigpartoftheirculture.Foodhereisveryreasonablypricedsoit’sgreatformybudget.ThepeopleImeetareallverywelcomingtowardsmeasaforeigner,andIevenseemtobeapointofinterest!However,hardlyanyonespeaksEnglishinmyarea,soitcanbeabitoverwhelming attimes.ButIguessthat’swhyI’mhere-tolearn.０到餐馆和小吃摊--这似乎是他们文化的重要组成部分。这里的食物价格非常合理，所以很适合我的预算。--学习。Rightnow,I’mstudyingeverydayformHSKexam(aChineselanguagequalification.ButIalsogetachancetoexplorethecity.IusuallygetupextraearlyeachmorningtoenjoyafreshlymadebreakfastonthestreetandthenIoftenvisitapark,I’mnotsureifyouknowbutI’mreallyinterestedintaichi,soIspendalotoftimeinthecityparkspractisingwiththelocals.alotoftraditionalculturestillaliveinChina.Theparkarefullofpeopleplayingtraditionalinstruments,playingChinesechess,andevenwritingcalligraphyonthegroundwithgiantpaintbrush.现在，我每天都在为HSK考试（一种中文资格考试）公园里有很多人在演奏传统乐器，下中国象棋，甚至用巨大的画笔在地上写书法。Unit3.FOODANDCULTUREFoodbringspeopletogetheronmanydifferentlevels.It’snourishmentofthesoulandbody;it’strulylove. GiadaDeLaurentiis食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。——吉娅达•德•劳伦蒂斯ReadingandThinkingCULTUREANDCUISINETheFrenchauthorJeanAnthelmeBrillat-Savarinoncewrote,“Tellmewhatyoueat,andIwilltellyouwhatyouare.”Putmoresimply,thismeans“Youarewhatyoueat.”Mostpeopletodayrelatethissayingtohealthyeating.However,Brillat-savarinwasactuallyreferringtoourpersonality,character,andculture.法国作家让・安泰尔姆・布里亚-萨瓦兰曾写道:“告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的-萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、品格及文化。Certainly,inmanywaysthisseemstobetrue.Chinesecuisineisacaseinpoint.PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.Forexample,America'smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso'schicken,which consistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,favouredwithhotredpeppers.ThisisprobablynotanauthenticChineserecipe,however,soitcannottellusmuchabouttheChinese.Ontheotherhand,itdoestellusalotaboutAmericans.Ittellsus,forexample,thatAmericanslovebold,simplefavours.Andsincethedishwasalsoinventedrecently,ittellsusthatAmericansarenotafraidtotrynewfoods.当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式１国人喜爱浓烈、简单的口味。此外，由于这道菜也是新发明，说明美国人不惧怕尝试新的菜品。Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodbycomingtoChina.WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.Withthis,wehadthepleasureofexperiencinganentirelynewtaste:Sichuanpeppercorns.Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent,butwhatwasevenmoreimportantwasthefriendshipofferedus.后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。我与家人刚刚抵达中国，便在北京找一个好地方吃饭。一位朋友之前向我们推荐过一家川菜馆，最终我们找到了这家餐馆。我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不;:四川花椒。食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。WesoonmovedtoShandongProvinceintheeasternpartofNorthChina.Myfavouritedishtherewasboileddumplingsservedwithvinegar.Iobservedthatfamilyisimportanttothepeoplethere.IthasbecomeafavouritetraditionaldishofthepeopleinNorthChina,wheremakingdumplingshasalwaysbeenafamilyaffairwitheveryone—fromtheyoungesttotheoldest—joiningintohelp.Later,IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerollsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.不久，我们到了位于华北东部的ft:ThenwemovedtonorthernXinjiang.SomeofourfriendswereKazakandInnerMongolian.Thesegroupstraditionallywanderedtheopenrangeonhorses.Asaresult,theirtraditionalfoodsarewhatyoucancookoveranopenfire—usuallyboiledorroastedmeat,suchaslambkebab.随后，我们又到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克族人和内蒙古人。传统上，他们骑着马在广阔的草原上漫步因此，他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串OurtravelsthentookustoSouthChina,andthenontocentralChina.Ineachplacewewent,weexperiencedwonderfullocaldishes,fromGuangdong'selegantdimsum—smallservingsoffoodinbamboosteamers—totheexceptionalstewednoodlesInHenan.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,onethingisalwaystrue:Throughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipandkindness.而，有一件事始终不变:每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。２Ataminimum,thekindsoffoodlocalpeopleconsumetelluswhattheygrowintheirregion,whatkindsoflivestheylead,andwhattheylikeanddonotlike.Couldwealsosay,forexample,thatthosewholikeboldflavoursareboldthemselves?Or,thatthosewholikespicyfoodtendtohaveahottemper?Maybe.Maybenot.Whatwecansay,however,isthatcultureandhandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.如，我们是否也能这样推断，喜欢重口味的人性格粗犷?抑或喜欢辛辣食物的人往往牌气火暴也许是的，，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。UsingLanguageHEALTHYEATINGThereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthisnotsomuchfattyfood,asitissugar.HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerofAmericans.AndinAmerica,peoplewhoreceive25%ooftheirdaily caloriesormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,2014).Thisistrueregardlessofhowhealthytherestoftheirdietmightbe.Putmoresimply,whilepeoplecontinuetoargueoverwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous,wealreadyknowthatsugarisakiller.当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。例如，多年来科学家一直认为健康的大敌是高脂肪食物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心脏病是美国人的头号杀手。在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍)Muchofthisextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.TheaverageAmericangets1/3ofhisorhersugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.TheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommendsthatwelimitourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar,whichislessthanwhatisusuallycontainedinonecanofsweetdrinkorinasinglecandybar.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts,andcutoutsweetdrinksaltogether.心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100150Beyondthis,youcankeephealthyby consumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.Processedfoodsoftencontainlessnutrition,andhavehigherquantitiesofsugar,salt,andfatthanfreshingredients.Besidesthis,itisalso３importanttohavesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet,astheyprovidethenecessaryproteinforstro