牛津英语译林版中考总复习试题

可编辑版/中考总复习〔牛津译林版一．系动词和助动词1．系动词连接主语和表语。它不表示动作,与表语一起描述主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等。它也不能单独作谓语,但它有自己的汉语意思,和其后面的形容词等一起构成句子的谓语。英语系动词分为两类。例如：1表示情况的。如：be,look,keep,等。Heisastudent.〔表示身份Thecoatisniceandcheap.〔表示性质Thecatlookslikeahat.〔表示特征2>表示变化的。如get,grow,become,turn等。Winteriscoming,theweathergetscolderandcolder.Thericegrowsfine.Ourcountrybecomesstrongerandstronger.Springcomes,thetreeturngreenagain.常见的连系动词有：be+adj./n.是,在become+n./adj.变成turn+adj.变得 get+adj.变得grow+adj.长得keep+adj.保持着 feel+adj.感到 look+adj.看上去 seem+adj./n.看起来好象smell+adj.闻起来fallasleep入睡2．助动词本身无词义,不能单独作句子的谓语动词。在句中,它主要帮助句子中的谓语动词构成各种时态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如果句子是否定结构,not必须放在助动词后面。英语助动词有shall,will,should,would,be,have,do等。例如：Thestudentsareplayingfootballnow.<构成现在进行时>Hedoesnotlikeplayingfootball.<构成否定句>Doyoulikeplayingfootball?<构成一般疑问句>Docomeheretomorrow!〔构成强调句典型错句解析1.Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealth.[解析]health→healthy.keep作系动词用时,后接形容词。2.Hewillbecomeapianist.[解析]willbecome→becamebecome作系动词用时,一般不用于"将来成为"的意思。此句又可改为Hehasbecomeapianist.3.Youwilltwenty-fiveyearsoldnextmonth.[解析]will→willbe。助动词will本身没有词义,可用在各种人称的将来时态中。Will在将来时态中后接动词原形。will+be才能构成完整的谓语。4.Heworksevenharderthanyouwork.[解析]work→do。助动词do代替主要动词,以避免重复。二．代词代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词,因此代词在句子中的功能和名词一样,可作主语、宾语和表语,有些代词还可修饰名词。英语代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词、相互代词等九种。现把学过的六种代词介绍如下：代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this,thatthese,those不定代词可数each,one,many,<a>few,both,another,either,neither不可数much,<a>little可数、不可数all,some,none,such,any,other复合不定代词anybody<one,thing>,somebody<one,thing>,nobody<thing>,everybody<one,thing>疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what1．人称代词表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她""它""我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词的排列有以下几种；①我、你、他第二人称→第三人称→第一人称即：you,heandI②她和老师名词→人称代词即：theteacherandshe③我、他和一些别的人人称代词→其他代词即：he,Iandsomeothers④第三人称两性〔性别并用时,如：他和她；即：heandshe人称代词的主格作主语,宾格作及物动词宾语或介词宾语。作表语时,书面语用主格,口语中则用宾格。例如：YoumustspeakEnglishasoftenaspossible．Hetoldmethebadnews．Hedidn'tlistentome．Who'sgoingtogo?〔以上代词在句中分别作什么成份？2．物主代词物主代词表示所有关系,分为形容词性和名词性两种,形容词性物主代词作定语,名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词。名词性物主代词可以单独使用,其作用相当于一个形容词加上一个名词。物主代词有人称和数的区别。例：Thisismydictionary．Yours<=Yourdictionary>isonthedesk．一Isthisyourclassroom?—No．It'stheirs<=theirclassroom>．3．反身代词表示动词所表达的动作反回到施动者本身,一般是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格加上self<复数selves>构成,起强调作用,反身代词可作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等。例如：Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish．<作动词宾语>Hethinksmoreofhimselfthan"others．<作介词宾语>Imyselfdidit．〔作同位语Ispoketothemanagerhimself．〔作同位语注：反身代词常接在动词enjoy,hurt,help等词后。4．指示代词指示代词是将所指事物与同类中的其他事物区分开来的一种代词。表示："这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念。指示代词在句中相当于名词、形容词的作用,可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。例如：This<That>iswhatIwanttosay．<作主语>Weshouldalwayskeepthis<these>inmind．〔作宾语Forthese<those>reasons,Iwaslate．〔作定语Thereasonisthis．〔作表语5．不定代词不定代词用来代替或修饰任何不定数量和不定范围的人和事物。不定代词可代替名词或形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。下面举例说明：①some和anysome<一些>、any<一些、任何>修饰可数名词和不可数名词。some用在肯定句中,any多用于疑问句和否定句中。例如：Therearesomebooksinthedesk．Therearenotanybooksinthedesk．Haveyouanymoney?注意：some可用于表示邀请、请求的疑问句或用于说话者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,any有时也用于肯定句,表示"任何的""任何一个""任何一些"等。例如：—Wouldyoulikesometea?〔希望对方肯定回答—Yes,thankyou.—CouldIaskyousomequestions?〔希望对方肯定回答—Ofcourse,youcan.Youcanaskmeanyquestions.〔任何问题②little、alittle、few、afewlittle、alittle修饰不可数名词,few、afew修旆可数名词；alittle、afew表示肯定的概念,即：尽管少但"有"；few、little表示否定的概念,表示"没有"。例如：Thereisalittlewaterintheriver.Youcanwalkacrossit.Thereislittlewaterintheriver.Youhavetoswimacrossit.Hehasfewfriends,soheoftenfeelslonely.IhaveafewfriendsinAmerica．Ioftenwritetothem.③each、every、everybody、everyone、everything。each相当于名词和形容词,用作定语或单独使用作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。every不可单独使用,它必须放在名词等前,只能作定语。each与every的区别：1>each侧重于单个,every侧重于全体、整体。2>each用于二者或二者以上,every用于三者或三者以上。everybody与everyone相同,意思是"每人、人人"。everything意思是"一切""每件事"。例如：Twoboyscameintotheclassroom．Eachworearedcoat.Everystudenthasanewbook．Everybodyknowsthisthing．<don’tthey?>Everythinggoeswell．<doesn’tit?><把上面两个句子改为反意疑问句,注意用什么代词代替everybody,everything>④both、either、neitherboth、either、neither都与"两个"有关。both"<两者>都""全",指两个人或事物,可作主语、宾语、定语。例如：Bothbooksaregood．Therearealotoftreesonbothsidesoftheroad.either<两个中间的>任何一个,这个或那个",可作主、宾、定语。例如：Therearetwobooks.Youmaytakeeitherofthem．—Wouldyoulikeacupofteaorcoffee?—EitherisOK.neither"<两者之间>一个也不",neither是either的否定形式,可作主语、宾语、定语。例如：NeitherofthemknowsJapanese．EitherLiorWangknowsEnglish．⑤none、no、nobody、noone、nothingnone、no、nobody、noone、nothing都与"无"有关。none用于指人或物,可与of短语连用,用作单数或复数,而且常用于习语中。nothing"没有东西；没有什么<=notanything>",若作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：—Istherenothinginthebox?—No.It'sempty．一Howmanyelephantsdidyouseethere?—None．—Whatdidyouseeinthezooyesterday?—Nothing.注意：以上两句中的答句None,Nothing不可相互替代。no表示"没有<任何的>",等于notany或nota<an>。例如：Hehasnomoney．〔=Hehasnotanymoney.WehavenolessonsonSundays.<=WehavenotanylessonsonSundays.>Shehasnobrother.<=Shehasnotabrother.>nobody或noone后不可接of短语来表示"某些人当中"；⑥a11a11作形容词且与名词连用时,名词前需加the或one's,即：allthe<one’s>+名词。例如：IwillteachEnglishallmylife．Allthepeoplearehere．当all代替可数名词作句子主语时,谓语动词用复数；当all代替不可数名词作句子主语时,谓语动词用单数。例：Allarehere．Let’sbeginourmeeting.<all代替所有参加会议的人>Alliswellthatendswell.〔all代替所有事情⑦other、theother、others、theothers、anothertheother指两者中的另外一个。例：Hehastwopens,oneisblue,theotherisyellow．other+复数名词=others相同,泛指其他的人或物。例：Somestudentsarecarryingwater,others<otherstudents>arewateringthetrees．theother+复数名词=theothers,特指一定范围内的其他人或物。例：TherearefiftystudentsinMissGao’sclass,twentystudentsareboys,theothersaregirls．theother+数词,指剩余的数目。例：Heboughtthreepencils,oneisforme,theothertwoareforhim．another+单数名词或another+数词+复数名词。表示在原来基础上再来一个或一些。例：Idon'tlikethecolorofthisbag.MayIhavealookatanotherone．MayIhaveanotherthreebooks?6．疑问代词疑问代词有who,whom,whose,which,what等。①who和whatwho问姓名,what问职业。例：—Whoishe?—HeisSmith．—What'syourfather?—Heisaworker．②what和whichwhich表示在一定数目<或范围>之内的选择,某某范围内的"哪一个""哪一些"；what则没有这种限制。例：Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?你通常午餐吃什么？Whichdoyouprefer,appleorpear?苹果和梨,你喜欢哪一个？WhichofyoucomesfromBeijing?你们当中哪一个来自北京？③whom和whosewhom作宾语,whose作定语。例：Withwhomisshetalkingnow?Whosebookisonthedesk?典型错句分析1.—Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?—None.[解析]None→Noone。none是对all,即三个以上的否暄,后面常接带of的短语。而noone代表单数名词,意为"没有一个人",不能与of连用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its。it’s是itis或ithas的省略形式,而its则是物主代词"它的",意义不同,不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.none→neither。对两者both否定应为neither。4.DoyouthinktheTVsetsmadeinShanghaiarebetterthanonesmadeinBeijingare?[解析]ones→those。one,ones和that,those皆可代替前面的名词,避免重复但one,ones要求有代词或形容词之类的前置定语；that,those则要求有介词短语、分词短语或从句一类的后置定语。例：—Whatkindofice-creamwouldyoulike?—Abigpinkone.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.典型错句解析1.–Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?–None.[解析]None→Noone。None是对all,即三个以上的否定,后面通常接带of的短语。而noone代表单数名词,意为"没有一个人",不能与of连用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its是itis或ithas的省略形式,而its则是物主代词"它的",意义不同,不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.[解析]none→neither.对两者both否定应为neither。代词练习A>人称代词<>1.Isthispicture________?A.my B.her C.yours D.our<>2.Someof________areYoungPioneers.A.they B.their C.them D.themselves<>3.Afriendof________camehereyesterday.A.my B.his C.her D.your<>4.Isaw________inthestreetyesterdayafternoon.A.he B.his C.him D.himself<>5.I’llgotosee________tomorrowmorning.A.she B.hers C.her D.herself<>6.Marydecidedtodothework________.A.she B.hers C.herself D.himself<>7.Nobodytaughthimdrawing.Helearnedit-.A.himself B.herself C.his D.himself<>8.Thisishisruler.That’s________.A.I B.me C.my D.mine<>9.Whosepencil-boxisthis?It’s________.A.he B.hisC.himD.he’s<>10.Mydictionaryishere.Whereis________?A.you B.yourC.yoursD.your’s<>11.Shetold________afriendof________wouldgotoAmerica.A.him;her B.his;hers C.him;hers D.he;she’s<>12.________pencil-boxisbeautiful.But________ismorebeautifulthan________.A.Tom’s;my;he B.Tom’s;mine;hisC.Toms;mine;himD.Tom’s;my;his<>13.Mostof________wanttodothework________.A.us;ourselves B.us;ours C.we;ourselves D.ours;ourselves<>14.Whoseexercise-booksarethese?Theyare________.A.their B.theirs C.them D.their’s<>15.Didthechildrenenjoy________lastSunday?A.them B.themselves C.himself D.themselves<>16.Don’ttellmetheanswer.I’llworkouttheproblem________.A.byme B.myself C.myself D.me<>17.Help________tosomemeat,please.A.you B.your C.yourself D.yours<>18.LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heneverthoughtof________.A.him B.his C.himself D.he<>19.Theirroomisonthefirstfloorand________isonthesecond.A.our B.ours C.us D.ourselves<>20.Afriendof________willgive________atalknextMonday.A.him;our B.his;we C.his;us D.he;ours<>21.Thatis________violin.A.Tom B.Tom’s C.Toms D.Toms’<>22.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It’sabout________.A.fortyminutes’swalk B.fortyminute’swalkC.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes’walk<>23.Thisdictionaryisnot.It’s________.A.I B.me C.mine D.myB不定代词<>1.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.A.theother B.others C.other D.another<>2.There________wrongwithmybike.A.aresomething B.areanything C.isanything D.issomething<>3.MikeandJoanare–goodatmath's.A.neither B.both C.each D.noone<>4.Therearetwomapsonthewall.OneisamapofAmerica,________isamapoftheworld.A.others B.other C.theother D.another<>5.I’mnotbusy.Haven’t________todo.A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything<>6.Hisparentsare________doctors.A.each B.all C.both D.noone<>7.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,________twoarefromNewYork.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers<>8.Arethesetwobooksinteresting?Yes,________ofthemareinteresting.A.both B.all C.either D.neither<>9.MarywantedtohaveaworkwithTom.Shehad________totellhim.A.importantsomething B.nothingimportantC.anythingimportant D.somethingimportant<>10.There________wrongwiththemachine.A.aren’tsomething B.aren’tanything C.isn’tsomething D.isn’tanything<>11.MyparentsareIare________interestedinmusic.A.both B.all C.neither D.no<>12.Lookatthosestudents.Somearecleaningthewindow,________aresweepingthefloor.A.theother B.other C.others D.theothers<>13.Shehasanappleinonehandandaknifein________.A.other B.theother C.another D.others<>14.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn’tlenditto________.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers<>15.IstudyChinese,Englishandsome________subjects.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers<>16.Dotheyoftentalktoeach________inEnglish?A.others B.theother C.other D.theothers<>17.Worldyoulike________milk?A.some B.any C.little D.afew<>18.________beastsnorbirdswouldhavethebatastheirfriend.A.Either B.Neither C.Not D.Both<>19.I’mhungry.Pleasegiveme________toeat.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing<>20.Marysingsbetterthan________oftheothergirlsinherclass.Shesingsbest.A.some B.any C.most D.one<>21.Thisstoryismoreinterestingthan________two.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers<>22.Allthestudentshadgoneout.Therewas________intheclassroom.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody<>23.Since________ishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody<>24.________hastakenmypencilbymistake.Ican’tfindit.A.Somebody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Anyone<>25.Didtheyfind________inthepark? No,theyfound________there.A.anybody;nobody B.somebody;everybodyC.anybody;somebody D.everybody;anybody<>26.TomandMaryare________goodatFrench.A.each B.both C.noone D.all<>27.Shemade________mistakesinherexercisesA.any B.another C.no D.one<>28.Therearefiftystudentsintheirclass.________ofthemareleaguemembers.A.Both B.Either C.All D.Noone<>29.Wemustlearnfrom________other.A.every B.on C.each D.all<>30.Thestudentshave__________onSundays.A.noanyclasses B.noclass C.noclasses D.noanyclass<>31.Thereisn’t________ontheplayground.A.anyone B.everyone C.nobody D.anypeople<>32.Ifyouneedaruler.I’lllendyou________.A.some B.one C.another D.theone<>33.Ihavetwofriends.OneisfromAustralia,________isfromJapan.A.other B.theother C.another D.othersC不定代词little,alittle,few,afew<>1.Thefilmisnotinteresting.________peoplelikeit.A.Little B.Alittle C.Few D.Afew<>2.Thatteacherwastoobusytoworkinhisoffice.Hehad________timetodothework.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>3.TheartisthaslearnedRussianforfourmonthsandhecanwrite________Russiannow.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>4.Don'thurry!Youstillhave________time.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew<>5.Thereis________inkinthebottle.Ihavetobuysome.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew<>6.Tommadequite________mistakesinthetest.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>7.CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly________.I’vestudieditforonly________months.A.alittle;few B.little;afew C.alittle;afew D.few;alittle<>8.Wouldyoulikesomemeat?Yes,just________.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little<>9.Bequick!Thereis________timeleft.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew<>10.Thequestionissodifficultthat________studentscananswerit.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>11.Youdidquitewellinthetest.Youmade________mistakes.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>12.Isthereanyinkinthebottle?Yes,thereis________.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>13.HaveyouanyfriendsinPairs?Yes,Ihave________there.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>14.Tomwasillyesterday,butheis________bettertoday.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>15.Thechildrenwanttoplay________longer.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew<>16.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestions.Iknow________aboutthesubject.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle<>17.Don’thurry.Westillhave________timeleft.A.little B.few C.alittle D.afewD疑问代词<>1.________wenttotheGreatWallwithyou?A.What B.When C.Who D.Whose<>2.________isJim’sbag,theblueoneortheredone? A.Which B.What C.Whose D.Where<>3.________newspaperisthis?It’smine.A.Who’s B.Whom C.Which D.Whose<>4.________didJackdolastSunday?A.When B.What C.Where D.Who<>5.________isyourfather?Heisverywell,thankyou.A.What B.Who C.How D.Where<>6.________willyouhavethemeeting?Tomorrowmorning.A.Where B.When C.How D.Who<>7.________areyoudoingnow?I’mmakingamodelplane.A.What B.When C.How D.Where<>8.Doyouknow________they’retalkingabout?A.where B.why C.what D.how<>9.Doyouknow________daughtersheis?A.where Bwhose C.what D.which<>10.Couldyoutellme________trainisleavingforShanghai?A.what B.which C.where D.when<>11.________subjectsdoyouhavethisyear?A.Which B.When C.What D.Whom<>12.________doyoufindeasiertolearn,EnglishorChinese?A.What B.Which C.How D.Where<>13.________dowehaveforlunch?A.What B.When C.Where D.How<>14.________didyoumeetatthestation?A.What B.Who C.Where D.Why<>15.________doyoulikethefilm?Ilikeitverymuch.A.How B.What C.When D.Where三．名词名词是表示人、事物、地点的名称的词或抽象概念的名称的词。名词分类见下表：个体名词可数集体名词普通名词物质名词名词不可数抽象名词专有名词1．专有名词的用法。1>表示一个人、物或地点的专有名词,须以大写字母开头。例如：Ann,Lucy,Lily,Tom,Mike,JohnBeijng,Shanghai,Nanjing,WashingtonD．C．Christmas,NewYear'sDay,MayDayMarch,April,June,July,October2>专有名词前不加冠词,也无复数。例如：EnglishspokeninEngland．JohnlivesonLincolnStreet．TuesdaycomesafterMonday．3>海洋、河流、山脉、岛屿等专有名词前要加the。例如：thePacific<Ocean>,theYellowRiver,theTienshanMountains等。4>the+姓+s表示：某某一家人或某某夫妇二人。例：TheZhangsarehavingsupperathomenow．TheBrownsaregoingtoEnglandnextmonth．2．普通名词的用法。1>普通名词有单、复数变化。单数名词前加a,an,the等冠词,复数名词加—s或—es,而变化过的复数名词前不加冠词。例：Thisisthebookyoulentmeyesterday．Booksareourfriends．2>普通名词前如有this,that,every,whose,which,John's等修饰,它们的作用已与冠词修饰名词的作用相同,名词前则不能再加冠词。例：Whatdoesthiswordmean,Dad?Thisismycap．Whereisyours?3>复数普通名词用many,alotof等修饰。例：Therearetoomanypeopleinthatroom．Thereisnoroomtostandinnow.Therearealotofeggsinthebasket．Wouldyoulikesomeofthem?3．集体名词的用法。1>常用的集体名词有：family,population,people,class,police等。2>强调指整个集体,则视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式。如果该名词强调组成集体的各个分子,则视为复数。例：Hisfamilyisgoingtomoveintoanewhouse．Hisfamilyaregoodatswimming．Class5isagoodclass.Class5alllikeplayingbasketball.3>police只用复数名词。例：Thepolicearelookingforthatlostgirlthesedays．4．不可数名词不可数名词主要以下同类：表示物质类和抽象类。1表示物质类的名词食品：food,fish,rice,coffee,wine材料：wood,stone,brick,iron,steel气<液>体：air,gas,oil,rain,snow物质名词是不可数名词,无复数形式,前面不可加冠词a／an,the修饰,但前可用much,little,some,no等修饰。例：Wehadlittlerainlastyear．Thereisn’tmuchwaterleft．表示物质名词的数量时,须在物质名词前,另加计量的名词。如：apieceof;acupof等。acupoftea,apieceofpapertwocupsoftea,twopiecesofpaper2表示抽象类的名词如：health,knowledge,success等。抽象名词为不可数名词,所以无复数,前不可用不定冠词。例：Healthismoreimportantthanwealth．Failureisthemotherofsuccess．抽象名词可以用单位名词来表示数的概念。例：apieceofpaper〔music,news,adviceetc.抽象名词一般为不可数,常用much,little,no来修饰。注意：of+抽象名词=形容词即：of后接抽象名词等于该抽象名词形容词形式的用法。Heisamanofvirtue〔美德．=Heisavirtuousman．Itisofgreatvalue<价值>．＝Itisveryvaluable．amanofability<能力>＝anablemanamanofwealth<财富>＝awealthyman5．可数名词复数形式的构成①规则复数形式的拼写。名词的复数一般只加"s",但以下几点注意：1>以s,sh,ss,ch或x结尾的词其复数通常加"es"。glasses,brushes,boxes,watches2>以元音字母+o结尾的词其复数加"s"。radios,zoos注：凡缩略词后均只加"s"。3>辅音字母+o结尾的词其复数加"es"。heroes,tomatoes,potato但pianos,photos,kilo例外。4>以辅音字母+y的词,应也把y换成i,然后再加"es"。babies,cities,countries,parties5>以f,fe结尾的词,变f为v再加"es"。leaf→leaves,knife→knives,thief→thieves,half→halves,但要注意：gulf〔海湾,chief〔首领,roof〔屋顶,belief〔信仰,self〔本质,proof〔证据例外。②不规则变化。1>元音字母发生变化。foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→menwoman→women,mouse→mice2>单、复数同形。deer→deer,sheep→sheep,fish→fish,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese3>词尾变化。child→children4>只有复数形式。thanks,clothes,people,police.5>常用复数。trousers,glasses,shoes6>复合名词的复数形式。"主体名词+s"。例如：aflowershop→twoflowershops;anappletree→someappletrees由man、woman、boy、girl等表示性别的名词与其它名词构成复合名词,该名词变成复数时,将man、woman、boy、girl以及它们后面的名词一起变为复数。例如：amandoctor→twomendoctorsawomandriver→somewomendrivers,6．名词复数形式应该注意的事项①单复数意义不同。glass→glassescloth→clothesgood→goods②名词作形容词表示单位时用单数形式。afive-year-oldboyaneight-meter-longruler7．名词的所有格名词所有格在句中表示所有关系、所属类别、动作执行者或承受者。①表示有生命物体的所有格,常用’s。1>在名词后加’s。Mary'sbooksLiLei’sbagWomen’sDayChildren’sDay2>以"s"结尾的名词后只加’。Teachers’Day,parents’booksJames’eyes3>如所有物归各名词分别所有,则在各名词后分别加-’s；如所有物归各名词共同所有,则在最后一名词后加’s。Kate’sandJim’sbags〔分别所有KateandJim’sparents〔共同所有4>复合名词或字群的所有格在最后一个名词的词尾加-’s。somebodyelse'sbook,eachother’snames,brother-in-law'scar5>下列无生命名词的所有格也可用’s表示。例如：时间名词tomorrow'smeeting,today’snewspaper距离名词twentyminutes’walk长度名词：threemeters’ruler价格名词adollar'sworth国家、团体、城市、机构等名词China'scapital②无生命名词的所有格,常用of来表示。例如：amapofChinaaphotoofmyfamilythegateoftheschool。aphotoofmyfather我父亲的照片〔照片上是我父亲aphotoofmyfather’s我父亲的一张照片〔照片归我父亲所有③双重所有格。在英语中,如of短语和名词所有格结合起来使用时,便叫双重所有格。例如：afriendofmyfather's。典型错句分析1.Howmanyshippscanyouseeinthepicture?[解析]shipps→ships。ship的复数形式是ships,不能双写p。这要与动词加-ing的情况区分开来。2.Helivesat124room.[解析]124room→Room124。表示房间编号时,名词置前,数词置后。3.You’dbettergohomeonfeet.[解析]feet→foot。onfoot是惯用表达用法。4.Where’sLucy’strousers/shirt?[解析]此误句可改作：Where’s→Whereare,其后不变；又可改作：shirt→blouse,其前不变。也就是说,Lucy是女性名,因她一般穿shirt〔男衬衫；trousers作主语时,谓语动词用复数,但apairoftrousers<一条裤子>作主语时,谓语动词则用单数。5.Tomisaseven-year-oldboy.复合形容词中的名词不用复数。[解析]seven-years-old→seven-year-old。复合形容词中的名词不用复数。6.Givehimtwopieceofpaper.[解析]pieceofpapers→piecesofpaper。不可数名词能在词尾变复数,要计算时,应将数词后的名词变为复数。四、冠词冠词,就是放在名词之前,修饰名词的词,为虚词。1．冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种a,an为不定冠词,用于单数可数名词前,表示泛指,说明其名称和种类,具有"一个〔本、块"的意思。the为定冠词,用于各类名词前,表示特指,具有"这"、"那"的意思。2．使用冠词的注意事项①a用于以辅音音素<包括[w][j]>开始的词前。astudentabookausefulbook注意：字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一音是[j]是辅音,所以前面用a,而不用an。②an用于元音音素开始的词前。anoldmananhouraneight-year-oldboyanone-meter-longruler[说明]几个干扰均有可能误选。[分析]最佳答案填C。第一空填a,因为one-act的读音是以辅音开头,即第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an,是因为11的英文是eleven,它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是C不是其他：<1>Beforehewasarrested,hehadtaken_______one-monthholiday,andstayedinthecountrywith________18-year-oldgirl,oneofhisstudents.A.a,aB.an,anC.a,anD.an,a<2>Wehired_______one-eyedmantoplayinourfilm,andwegavehim_______100-poundcheckforjustoneminute.A.a,anB.an,aC.a,aD.an,an③the既可用于单数或复数名词前,也可用于不可数名词前。其用法如下：1特指某〔些人或某〔些事物。例如：Thebookonthedeskismine.2指说话双方都知道或彼此熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthewindow,please.3指上文提到过的人或事。例如：Thereisapenonthedesk.Thepenismyfather’s.4指世界上独一无二的事物。例如：thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theworld.5表示弹奏某种乐器时,该乐器前要加the.例如：Sheplaysthepiano,andherhusbandplaystheviolin.6用在某些专有名词前。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theChangjiangRiver7用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：Mr.Smithtaughtthefirstclass.Kateisthetallestinherclass.8用在固定搭配的短语中。例如：inthemorning<afternoon,evening>,bytheway注意：下列情况不用定冠词。1在球类运动名称前不用。例如：playfootball<basketball,volleyball>2在三餐前不用。例如：have<has>breakfast<lunch,supper>3在某些固定搭配的词组中不用。例如：atnight<noon>,gotoschool<bed>,onfoot,bybus<car,bike,air,plane,train,ship>,athome<work>注意：在汉语节日中,由Day构成的节日前常不用冠词,而专有名词所表示的节日前常用冠词。如：Mid-autumnDay,Children’sDay,Teachers’Day,Women’sDay,MayDay,NationalDay,NewYear’sDay等前常不用冠词。而由Festival构成的节日前常用冠词,如：theSpringFestival,theDragonBoatFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival,theLanternFestival等。冠词练习<>1.Lucyis________American,andKateI________Englishgirl.A./;/ B.a;a C.an;an D.an;a<>2.Jackis________Americanboy.A.a B.an C.the D.some<>3.Itis________interestingbook.A.the B.a C.an D./<>4.Mr.Wangis________oldworker.A.a