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PAGEPAGE5课时分层作业(六)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheearthistheonlyplanetthatscientiststhinkhaslife.Whydoestheearthhavelifewhiletheotherplanetsdon't?Foronething,theearthhasjusttherighttemperature.Asthethirdplanetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetswhichareclosertothesunaresohotbecausetheirsurfacesarebaked(炙烤)inthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs.Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedabout4billionyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.Anotherplanetinthesolarsystemseemstobesomethingliketheearth.ThatplanetisMars.Marsissmallerthantheearth,anditisquiteabitcooler.Butitisnottoocoldforhumans.Onsomedays,thetemperaturesareaslowasawinterdayinthenorthernUnitedStates.Ifyouworeaspecialspacesuit,youcouldwalkaroundonMars.Youwouldhavetobringyourownairtobreathe,astheaironMarsistoothintobreathe.Marshasthelargestvolcano(火山)inthesolarsystem.Itissixteenmileshigh.Thehighestvolcanoontheearthisfivemileshigh.ThemostunexpectedsightonMarsisdriedupriverbeds.ScientistsbelievethatMarswasoncemuchbetterthanitisnow.DoesthismeantherecouldhavebeenlivingthingsonMars?Scientistsarenotsure,buttherehasbeennosignsofar.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因;又对比了火星与地球,说明火星与地球最相似。1.Whatisitontheearththatmakeslifepossible?A.Temperature.B.Water.C.Oxygen.D.Temperature,waterandoxygen.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thetemperaturewasjustrightfor...Watermadeitpossibleforplantsgogrow...thegasthathumansandanimalsbreathe.”可知,温度、水和氧气使地球上出现生命成为可能,故选D项。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thethirdplanet”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Thesun. B.Themoon.C.Theearth. D.TheMars.C[细节理解题。根据常识及画线词所在句后一分句均可知,距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球,故选C项。]3.Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LivingThingsonOurEarthB.TheMoonC.LivingThingsontheMoonD.MarsisMostLiketheEarthD[标题归纳题。本文先讲述的是地球适合人类生存的原因,后面对比火星和地球在环境方面的异同之处,从气温、水、空气等方面展开,具体说明了火星与地球最相似,故选D项。]BWhoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”【语篇解读】不论是在科学界还是艺术界,判断一个人是不是“天才”只有一个标准——“胜利者的标准”。然而这是一个极为不公平的判断标准,因为它将很大一部分人排除在“天才俱乐部”外。好消息是这种情况正在得到改善。4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.A[推理判断题。根据第三段的“It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.”可知,历史是由胜利者书写的,而这些胜利者也为“天才俱乐部”设定了标准。当“俱乐部”外的天才(即女性、不同肤色或信仰的人)做出贡献时,他们得不到认可,并会被其他人拒绝进入“天才俱乐部”。因此作者认为胜利者为“天才俱乐部”设定的准入标准是不公平的。故选A。]5.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.D[推理判断题。根据第四段的“AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are‘really,reallysmart.’Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare‘really,reallysmart.’”可知,该项研究发现,女孩会避免去做那些被认为是“特别特别聪明”的孩子才能做的事。由此可知,女孩可能受到社会观念的影响。故选D。]6.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.A[细节理解题。根据第五段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.”可知,有更多的天才被公众所知,其原因在于全球通信系统的改善。故选A。]7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuckB[主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“...socialfactorslikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith‘intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.’”可知,像性别、种族和阶层这样的社会因素并不能决定天才是什么样的。因此B项“天才有多种形式”最能概括本文的主旨。]Ⅱ.读后续写“Now,parentsandstudentsseparateintotwogroups.Youwillbereunitedattheendofthecampustour.”Groupsofincomingfreshmenhappilylefttheirparentsuponhearingthisannouncement.Iwaslessthanthrilledaboutstartingcollege,letaloneleavingmymother'ssidetotourthecampuswithotherfreshmen;Ifeltalittleanxious.Wefollowedtheseniortourguide.TheotherfreshmenchattedandmadecasualintroductionsasIdraggedbehind.HowcouldIhavebelievedIwasreadyforthis?Afterall,ithadonlybeenafewmonthssinceIleftthehospital.Iwasfeelingbetterforthefirsttimeinyears.Butcollege...?Mythinkingwasinterruptedbyasweetfemalevoice,“Hi,I'mJennifer.”“I'mLauren,”Ireplied.“Wheredoyouprefertolive?Athomeoroncampus?”shesmiled.“I'mnotsure,”Isaid.“Youshouldliveoncampus!Itwillbealotoffun!”shesaid.BeforeIcouldreply,thetourguideannounceditwastimetocreateourschedulesandselectthecourseswewantedtotake.WecrowdedintotheStudentActivityCenter.Threeseniorshandedoutthickcoursebulletins(课程公告)andformsthatneededtobefilledout.Allaroundme,thesoundsofturningpapersandwritingsoundedlikethosegivenbyanalarmclock.OthersseemedtobemovingthroughtheprocessquicklybutIhadn'tevenopenedmycoursecatalog(目录).“Focus,”Itoldmyself.“Justreadthroughthecatalogandfindthecoursesyoulikeandaschedulethatworks.”PsychologyAorB,Geology101,English,History,sections1,2,3...Thelistwentonandon.Ipanickedandalmoststartedtocry.HowwasIsupposedtoknowhowtocompleteit?Iwasjustrelearninghowtoliveintherealworld,andtheywantedmetomakeaschedule.HowIwishedsomeonecouldhelpme.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Soon,otherfreshmenwerehandingintheirforms.Then,Ifeltawarmhandonmyshoulder.【参考范文】
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