英语四级真题及答案

大学英语四级考试真题（一）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayononlinelibraries.Youcanstartyouressaywiththesentence"Onlinelibrariesarebecomingincreasinglypopular".Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)ShiptrafficintheAtlantic.B)Warmcurrentsintheocean.C)ExhaustfromcarsinEurope.D)Particlesemittedbypowerplants.2.A)Theyneedtobetakenseriously.B)Theyhaveahugeeffectonfishery.C)D)Theymightbecausingtroubletoairflights.Theymaybeaffectingtheworld’sclimate.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Toappealforhigherwages.B)C)D)Todemandbetterhealthcare.Tocallforapermanentsecurityguard.Todismissthebad-temperedsupervisor.4.A)Ithadalreadytakenstrongaction.B)C)D)Itwouldputcustomers9needsfirst.Itwouldtaketheirappealseriously.Itwasseekinghelpfromthepolice.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theroadwasflooded.C)Theroadwasfrozenwithsnow.B)Theroadwasblocked.D)Theroadwascoveredwithspilledgas.6.chocolate.B)A)AtruckplungedintoapoolofliquidTheheavysnowmadedrivingverydifficult.Thetruckdriverdozedoffwhiledriving.Atruckhitabarrierandoverturned.C)D)7.A)Itwasalongtimebeforethecleanupwasfinished.B)ItwasahardtasktoremovethespilledItwasfortunatethatnopassengergotItwasdifficulttocontactthemanufacturer.substance.C)injured.D)

SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Shewantedtosaveforanewphone.C)Shecouldenjoydiscountswithcash.B)Shefounditmuchsafertousecash.D)Shehadbeencheatedusingphoneapps.9.B)A)Theycansavealotmoretimeandtrouble.Theyfinditlessdifficulttomakepurchases.C)Theyderivegreaterpleasurefrombuyingthings.D)Theyarelessawareofthevalueoftheirmoney.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.B)A)Hewantedtoordersomewoodenfurniture.Hehadtochangethefurnituredeliverytime.Hehadaproblemwiththefurnituredelivered.HewantedthefurniturestoretogivehimaC)D)refund.

13.B)A)Sendthefurniturebacktothestore.Describethefurniturehereceived.C)Collectthefurnitureheordered.D)Buyanotherbrandoffurniture.A)Correcttheirmistake.Improvetheirservice.Apologizetohiswife.Givethemoneyback.14.B)C)D)15.A)Sherecommendedanewstyle.B)C)D)Sheofferedsomegifttothemail.Sheapologizedtothemanoncemore.Shecheckedalltheitemswiththeman.SectionCDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)ReadingbooksofC)Sharingwithothers.wisdom.B)Tidyingupone’shome.D)Donatingtocharity.17.A)Thingsthatmakeonehappy.C)Thingsthatoccupylittlespace.

B)ThingsthatarebecomingThingsthatcostalotofmoney.18.A)Itjoinedthecity’sclean-upcampaign.rare.D)B)C)Itsoldasmanyasfiftyboxesofbooks.Itreceivedanincrediblylargenumberofdonatedbooks.D)Itdidlittlebusinessbecauseoftheunusualcoldweather.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.B)A)Tosolvewordsearchpuzzles.Tosendsmartphonemessages.C)Totesttheireyesightusingaphoneapp.Toinstallsomeaudioequipmentinalab.A)TheycouldnotgoonuntiltheringingD)23.stopped.B)TheycouldnolongerconcentrateontheirTheygrabbedthephoneandcalledbackrightTheyaskedtheirexperimentertohangupthetask.C)away.D)phone.24.A)Ariseinemotionalproblems.C)Areductionintheamountofsleep.B)Adeclineinsportsactivities.inacademicperformance.D)Adecline

25.A)Protecttheeyesightoftheyoungergeneration.B)C)D)Takeeffectivemeasurestoraiseproductivity.Realizethedisruptiveeffectsoftechnology.Ensuretheyhavesufficientsleepeveryday.PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionA(40minutes)Directions：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre,Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.There’rethreemaintypesoffinancialstresspeopleencounter.Thefirsttypeisapparentinpeoplebeingstressedaboutthe26upsanddownsofinvestmentmarketsactuallynotsomuchtheups,but27thedowns.Thesepeopleareusuallyunableorunpreparedtoendurethelonghaul.Thenextcommontypeoffinancialstressisthatcausedbydebt.Ina28percentageofcasesofdebt-inducedfinancialstress,creditcardsandloanswillbeacentralelement.Oftenthere'llbeacarloanandperhapsamortgage,butcreditcardsoftenseemtobethegatewaytodebt-relatedfinancialdifficultiesformany.Thethirdtypeofstressand29theleastknownisinheritedfinancialstress,whichisthemostdestructive.Itisexperiencedbythosewhohavegrownupinhouseholdswheretheirparentsregularly30andfoughtaboutmoney.Moneythereforebecomesastressfultopic,andsothethoughtofsittingdownandplanningisanunattractive31.Thosesufferinginheritedfinancialanxietytofollowoneoftwopatterns.Eithertheyputtheirheadinthesand:theywould3332examiningtheirfinancialstatements,budgeting,anddiscussingfinancialmatterswiththoseclosesttothem.Alternatively,theywouldgototheother34micro-analyzeeverything,tothepointofcomplete35.They'reconvincedthatwhateverdecisiontheymakewillbethewrongone.，andA)appearanceF)extremeK)propositionL)rebelledM)statementN)tendB)arguedC)avoidG)inactionH)incrediblyD)considerableI)normalE)definitelyJ)possiblySectionBO)traditionalDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Doctor’sorders：LetchildrenjustplayA)Imagineadrugthatcouldenhanceachild'screativityandcriticalthinking.Imaginethatthisdrugweresimpletomake,safetotake,andcouldbehadforfree.Thenation’sleadingpediatricians(儿科医生)saythismiraclecompoundexists.Inanewclinicalreport,theyareurgingdoctorstoprescribeitliberallytothechildrenintheircare,B)“Thismayseemold-fashioned,butthereareskillstobelearnedwhenkidsaren’ttoldwhattodo,“saidDr.MichaelYogman,aHarvardMedicalSchoolpediatricianwholedthedraftingofthecalltoarms.Whetherit’sroughphysicalplay,outdoorplayorpretendplay,kidsderiveimportantlessonsfromthechancetomakethingsupastheygo,hesaid.C)Theadvice,issuedMondaybytheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics,maycomeasashocktosomeparents.Afterspendingyearsfretting(烦恼)overwhichtoystobuy,whichappstodownloadandwhichskill-buildingprogramstosendtheirkidstoafterschool,lettingthemsimplyplayorbetteryet,playingwiththemcouldseemlikeastepbackward.Thepediatriciansinsistthatit'snot.Theacademy，sguidancedoesnotincludespecificrecommendationsforthedosingofplay.Instead,itasksdoctorstoadviseparentsbeforetheirbabiesturntwothatplayisessentialtohealthydevelopment.

D)“Playisnotsillybehavior,”theacademy’sreportdeclares.Itfosterschildren’screativity,cooperation,andproblem-solvingskillsallofwhicharecriticalfora21st-centuryworkforce.Whenparentsengageinplaywiththeirchildren,itbuildsawallagainsttheharmfuleffectsofallkindsofstress,includingpoverty,theacademysays.Inthepediatricians9view,essentiallyeverylifeskillthat’svaluedinadultscanbebuiltupwithplay.“Collaboration,negotiation,decision-making,creativity,leadership,andincreasedphysicalactivityarejustsomeoftheskillsandbenefitschildrengainthroughplay,”theywrote.Thepediatricians5appealcomesaskidsarebeingsqueezedbyincreasingacademicdemandsatschoolandtheconstantinvasionofdigitalmedia.E)Thetrendshavebeenalongtimecoming.Between1981and1997,detailedtime-usestudiesshowedthatthetimechildrenspentatplaydeclinedby25percent.Sincetheadoptionofsweepingeducationreformsin2001,publicschoolshavesteadilyincreasedtheamountoftimedevotedtopreparingforstandardizedtests.Thefocusonacademic“skillsanddrills”hascutdeeplyintorecess(课间休息)andothertimeforfreeplay.F)By2009,astudyofLosAngeleskindergartenclassroomsfoundthatfive-year-oldsweresoburdenedwithacademicrequirementsthattheyweredowntoanaverageofjust19minutesperdayof"choicetime,"when

theywerepermittedtoplayfreelywithblocks,toysorotherchildren.OneinfourLosAngelesteachersreportedtherewasnotimeatallfor“freeplay.”Increasedacademicpressureshaveleft30percentofU.S.kindergartenclasseswithoutanyrecess.SuchfindingspromptedtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricstoissueapolicystatementin2013onthe“crucialroleofrecessinschool.”G)Pediatriciansaren’ttheonlyoneswhohavenoticed.Inareporttitled"CrisisintheKindergarten,”agroupofeducators,healthprofessionalsandchildadvocatescalledthelossofplayinearlychildhood“atragedy,bothforthechildrenthemselvesandforournationandtheworld.”Kidsinplay-basedkindergartens“endupequallygoodorbetteratreadingandotherintellectualskills,andtheyaremorelikelytobecomewell-adjustedhealthypeople,”theAllianceforChildhoodsaidin2009.Indeed,newresearchdemonstrateswhyplayingwithblocksmighthavebeentimebetterspent,Yogmansaid.Thetrialassessedtheeffectivenessofanearlymathematicsintervention(干预)aimedatpreschoolers.Theresultsshowedalmostnogainsinmathachievement.H)Anotherplaytimethief：thegrowingproportionofkids'timespentinfrontofscreensanddigitaldevices,evenamongpreschoolers.Lastyear,CommonSenseMediareportedthatchildrenupthroughageeightspentanaverageoftwohoursand19minutesin

frontofscreenseachday,includinganaverageof42minutesadayforthoseundertwo.Thisincreaseofdigitalusecomeswithrisingrisksofobesity,sleepdeprivationandcognitive(认知的)，languageandsocial-emotionaldelays,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricswarnedin2016.I)“Irespectthatparentshavebusylivesandit，seasytohandachildaniPhone,”Yogmansaid.“Butthere’sacosttothat.Foryoungchildren,it’smuchtoopassive.Andkidsreallylearnbetterwhenthey’reactivelyengagedandhavetoreallydiscoverthings.”J)Thedeclineofplayisaspecialhazardfortheroughly1in5childrenintheUnitedStateswholiveinpoverty.These14millionchildrenmosturgentlyneedtodeveloptheresilience(韧劲)thatiscultivatedwithplay.Instead,Yogmansaid,theyaredisproportionatelyaffectedbysomeofthetrendsthataremakingplayscarce：academicpressuresatschoolsthatneedtoimprovetestscores,outsideplayareasthatarelimitedorunsafe,andparentswholackthetimeorenergytoshareinplaytime・K)Yogmanalsoworriesaboutthepressuresthatsqueezeplaytimeformoreaffluentkids.^Thenotionthatasparentsweneedtoscheduleeveryminuteoftheirtimeisnotdoingthemagreatservice,”hesaid.Evenwell-meaningparentsmaybeurobbingthemoftheopportunity

tohavethatjoyofdiscoveryandcuriositytheopportunitytofindthingsoutontheirown.”L)Playmaynotbeahardselltokids.ButUCLApediatricianCarlosLerneracknowledgedthatthepediatricians’snewprescriptionmaymeetwithskepticism(怀疑)fromparents,whoareanxiousforadviceonhowtogivetheirkidsalegupintheworld.Theyshouldwelcomethesimplicityofthemessage,Lernersaid.“It'sliberatingtobeabletoofferthemthisadvice：thatyouspendingtimewithyourchildandlettinghimplayisoneofthemostvaluablethingsyoucando,”hesaid.“Itdoesn'thavetoinvolvespendingalotofmoneyortime,orjoiningaparentinggroup.It’ssomethingwecanofferthat’sachievable.Theyjustdon'trecognizeitrightnowasparticularlyvaluable.”36.Increaseduseofdigitaldevicesstealsawaychildren'splaytime.37.Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,anincreasingamountoftimehasbeenshiftedinpublicschoolsfromrecesstoacademicactivities.38.Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatwhilekidsmaywelcomepediatricians5recommendation,theirparentsmaydoubtitsfeasibility.39.Accordingtosomeprofessionals,deprivationofyoungchildren^playtimewilldoharmnotonlytochildrenthemselvesbuttothecountryandtheworld.

40.Byplayingwithchildren,parentscanpreventthemfrombeingharmedbystress.41.Playingwithdigitaldevicesdiscourageskidsfromactivediscovery,accordingtopediatricianDr.MichaelYogman.42.Thesuggestionoflettingchildrensimplyplaymaysoundlikegoingbackwardstoparentswhowanttohelpbuildtheirchildren’sskills.43.Dr.MichaelYogmanbelievestheideathatparentsshouldcarefullyschedulechildren'stimemaynotbehelpfultotheirgrowth.44.OnequarterofteachersinanAmericancitysaidthatchildreninkindergartenshadnotimeforplayingfreely.45.Accordingtoapediatrician,nomatterwhatkindofplaychildrenengagein,theyarelearninghowtocreatethings.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Americansspendbillionsofdollarseachyeartryingtochangetheirweightwithdiets,gymmembershipsandplasticsurgery.Tryingtoliveuptotheimagesof“perfect”modelsandmovieheroeshasadarkside:anxiety,depression,aswellasunhealthystrategiesforweightlossormusclegain.Italsohasafinancialcost.HavinganeatingdisorderboostsannualhealthcarecostsbynearlyUS$2,000perperson.Whyistherebothexternalandinternalpressuretolook“perfect”？Onereasonisthatsocietyrewardspeoplewhoarethinandhealthy-looking.Researchershaveshownthatbodymassindexisrelatedtowagesandincome.Especiallyforwomen,thereisaclearpenaltyatworkforbeingoverweightorobese.Somestudieshavealsofoundanimpactformen,thoughalessnoticeableone.Whiletheresearchliteratureisclearthatlabormarketsuccessispartlybasedonhowemployersandcustomersperceiveyourbodyimage,noonehadexploredtheothersideofthequestion.Doesaperson'sownperceptionofbodyimagemattertoearningsandotherindicatorsofsuccessintheworkplace?OurrecentlypublishedstudyansweredthisquestionbytrackingalargenationalrandomsampleofAmericansoveracriticaltimeperiodwhenbodieschangefromteenageshapeintoadultformandwhenpeoplebuildtheiridentities.

Asinotherresearch,womeninoursampletendtoover-perceivetheirweighttheythinkthey’reheavierthantheyarewhilementendtounder-perceivetheirs.Wefoundnorelationshipbetweentheaverageperson’sself-perceptionofweightandlabormarketoutcomes,althoughself-perceivedweightcaninfluenceself-esteem(自尊心)，mentalhealthandhealthbehaviors.Whilethecontinuedgenderpenaltyinthelabormarketisfrustrating,ourfindingthatmisperceivedweightdoesnotharmworkersismoreheartening.Sinceemployers’perceptionofweightiswhatmattersinthelabormarket,changingdiscriminationlawstoincludebodytypeasacategorywouldhelp.Michiganistheonlystatethatprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofweightandheight.Webelieveexpandingsuchprotectionswouldmakethelabormarketmorefairandefficient.46Whatdoestheauthorsaymayhaveanadverseimpactonpeople?A)beauty.B)UndergoingplasticsurgeriesinpursuitofImitatingthelifestylesofheroesandroleStrivingtoachieveperfectionregardlessofmodels.C)financialcost.D)Attemptingtomeetsociety，sexpectationofappearance.

47earnings?A)WhathaveresearchersfoundoutaboutpeopledTheyarecloselyrelatedtopeople'ssocialTheyhavetodowithpeopledbodyweightandTheyseemtomattermuchlesstomenthantoTheymaynotbeequaltopeopledstatus.B)shape.C)women.D)contributions.48A)Whatdoestheauthor’srecentstudyfocuson?Previousliteratureonindicatorsofcompetitivenessintheworkplace.B)Traitsthatmattermostinone’spursuitofsuccessinthelabormarket.C)Whetherself-perceptionofbodyimageimpactsone’sworkplacesuccess.D)Howbosses5perceptionofbodyimageimpactsemployees’advancement.49research?A)Whatisthefindingoftheauthor'srecentBeingoverweightactuallydoesnotdomuchharmtotheoverallwell-beingofemployees.Peoplearenotadverselyaffectedintheworkplacebyfalseself-perceptionofbodyweight.Self-esteemhelpstocombatgenderinequalityintheworkplace・B)C)

D)Genderinequalitycontinuestofrustratealotoffemaleemployees.50Whatdoestheauthorthinkwouldhelpimprovethesituationinthelabormarket?A)Banningdiscriminationonthebasisofemployees5bodyimage.B)Expandingprotectionofwomenagainstgenderdiscrimination.C)ofbeauty.D)HelpingemployeeschangetheirownperceptionExcludingbodyshapeasacategoryinthelaborcontract.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thework-lifebalanceisdead.Bythis,I’mnotadvocatingthatyoushouldgiveupyourpursuitofhavingafulfillingcareerandathrivingpersonallife,andI'mdefinitelynotsayingthatyouhavetogiveuponetohavetheother.Ialsoacknowledgethatwehaveawork-lifeproblem,butI’marguingthattheconceptofbalancehasneverbeenhelpful,becauseit，stoolimiting.Yousee,ourlanguagemakesadifference,andhowwerefertothingsmattersbecauseitaffectsourthinkingandthereforeouractions.Attheminimum,mostofusworkbecausewewanttobeabletosupportourselves,ourfamilies,andthepeoplearoundus.Intheidealworld,we'realldoingworkthatwe’reproudofandthatprovidesmeaningandpurposeto

us.Butevenifyourjobdoesn’tgiveyoushiversofjoyeachnewday,workingisapartofwhateachofusdoesandthecontributionwemaketosociety.Whenyouseparateworkandlife,it’salittlebithardertomakethatconnection.Butwhenyouthinkofworkaspartofafulllifeandacompleteexperience,itbecomeseasiertoseethatsuccessinoneaspectoftensupportsanother.Losingyourbalanceandfallingisn'tpleasant.Agoaltobalancesuggeststhatthingscouldquicklygetoffbalance,andthatcausesterribleoutcomes.It'smoreconstructivetothinkofsolutionsthatcontinuetoevolveovershiftsinlifeandwork.Ratherthanfallingorfailing,youmayhavegooddaysorbetterdaysornot-so-gooddays.Thesevariationsarenormal,andit’smoreusefultothinkoflifeassomethingthatiseverevolvingandchanging,ratherthanahigh-riskenterprisewherethingscouldgowrongwithonemisstep.Howwetalktoourselvesmatters,andhowwetalkaboutissuesmakesadifference.Let'sbury“work-lifebalance”andthinkbiggerandbetteraboutwork-lifefulfillmenttodoalittlelessbalancingandalotmoreliving.51Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“Thework-lifebalanceisdead”？A)Thehopeofachievingathrivinglifeisimpossibletorealize,B)Thepursuitofafulfillingcareerinvolvespersonalsacrifice.

C)Theimbalancebetweenworkandlifesimplydoesn’texistanymore.D)Theconceptofwork-lifebalancecontributeslittletoafulfillinglife.52.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutouruseoflanguage?A)Itimpactshowwethinkandbehave.C)Itreflectshowwecommunicate・B)Itchangeswiththepassageoftime.D)Itdiffersfrompersontoperson.53Whatdoestheauthorsaywedoinanidealworld?A)Wedoworkthatbettersthelivesofourfamiliesandfriends.B)Wedoworkthatgivesusbu