2023高考英语一轮复习构想Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE2Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读理解A(2022·大连高三双基测试卷)Anew“health〞trendinHongKongseeswomenstaringstraightatthesuninthebeliefthatitwillreplacetheirneedsforfoodandevenimprovetheirvisionandsleepquality,reportsOrientalDailyNews.ThewomenreportedlyheadtotheSamKaVillagebeacheveryeveningandtakeofftheirshoesbeforesettingtheirphonetimersandstandtostareatthesunset—someusinganumbrellatoprotecttheirskin.Theconceptof“suneating〞isaboutconsumingthesun'ssolarenergyinsteadoffoodandtheybelievebydoingsoitcanreducethebody'sneeds.SomeofthewomenchoosetowearpinholeglassestolimittheUVraysgettingtotheireyesandcausingpermanentdamage.Someofthesun­gazersstresstheyaredoingitforhealthreasons,notweightloss.“Wepracticesun­gazingasasubstituteforeating.Someofuswhohavefinishedthepracticenoweatless,andothersdon'thavetoeatatall，〞awomansaid.Shesaidtheystartbylookingatthesunforupto10secondsonthefirstday,adding10secondseverydayuntiltheyreach44minutesbytheninthmonthofpractice.HouXiangjun,askinspecialist,isconcernedabouttherisingtrend,sayingthehighUVdegreeandwaterreflectionareleadingtofartoomuchUVlightabsorption.“Evenifpaintedwithsunscreen(防晒霜)theycanonlystopfivetosixpercentofthedamage;anumbrellaoracapcanonlytake10－20percentandlongexposurewillincreasetheriskofseriousskincancer，〞shesaid.Eyeexpertsarealsoconcernedthatitwillcausesomeeyediseases.【解题导语】本文讲述了一些香港女性的一种新的“健康〞趋势。她们凝视太阳以减少对食物的需要，并到达改善视力和提高睡眠质量的效果。1．SomewomeninHongKongbecome“sun­gazers〞becausetheybelieveitcanmakethem________.A.prettierB.eatlessC.sleeplongerD.usephonesless答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“itwillreplacetheirneedsforfoodandevenimprovetheirvisionandsleepquality〞和第三段的内容可知，她们认为凝视太阳可以让她们吃得更少，改善视力，提高睡眠质量。应选B。2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“sun­gazers〞isTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhavenoprotectionagainstthesun.B.Somehavesufferedfromseriousskincancer.C.Theyhaveconvincedtheexpertsofthebenefits.D.Somestopeatingafterpracticingforsometime.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第五段的“Someofuswhohavefinishedthepracticenoweatless,andothersdon'thavetoeatatall〞可知，有些人在练习一段时间后就根本不用吃东西了。应选D。3．Ifawomanwantstolookatthesunfor5minutes,howmanydaysdoesshehavetopractice?A.10days.B.30days.C.50days.D.150days.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第五段的第三句可知，第一天凝视太阳10秒；由此可推测，凝视5分钟也就是300秒，需要30天。应选B。4．Whichsectionofthenewspaperdoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Science.B.Advertisement.C.Health.D.Sports.答案与解析：C考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文内容与人们的健康有关，所以可能选自报纸的“健康(health)〞局部。应选C。B(2022·四川高三评估检测)Canyouimagineanengineerbuildingatallskyscraperwithoutaplan?Someonesaid,“Ifyoufailtoplan,youplantofail.〞Successisnoaccident.Itdoesn'tjustmagicallyhappen.Youhavetoplanforittohappen.Asoneguyputit,“Youmustplanforagreatfuture.Afterall,youhavetospendtherestofyourlifethere.〞Wemusthavesomekindofplanofwhatwewantandhowwe'llgetit.Yousee,ifyouachievenothing,you'llhititeverytime.Awisepersonsaid,“Ifyou'veaccomplishedeverythingyou'veplannedinlife,thenyou'veprobablynotplannedenough.You'regettingtoooldwhenallyourdreamsarereruns(重演)．〞TheverysuccessfulheadoftheChryslerCorporation,LeeIacocca,usedtoaskhisworkers,“Whatdoyouwanttodo?Whatdoyouwanttobe?Whatdoyouwanttohave?Wheredoyouwanttogo?Howdoyouplantogetthere?Writeitdown.Nowgotodoit.Itdoesn'tgetanysimplerorbetterthanthat.〞Sowhynotstartlivingyourlifeonpurpose?Firstdreamit,andthendoit.Theysaythatonehourofplanningwillsaveyouthreehoursofwastedtimeandwork.Withaplan,yourworkisworkingforyou.Yourplanwillkeepyouincontrolofyourlife,movingaheadtowardyourgoalofsuccessandhappiness.Afteryouplanyourwork,youhavetomakeyourplanwork.Disciplineiswhatbringsyourdreamsintoreallife.Adreamwithnodisciplinewilljustremainadream,andaplanwithoutworkwillbeaplanthatwon'twork.【解题导语】成功不是偶然的，它需要我们对自己的未来有明确的规划。只有这样，我们才能离成功与幸福更近一步。【长难句解读】Adreamwithnodisciplinewilljustremainadream,andaplanwithoutworkwillbeaplanthatwon'twork.分析：这是一个并列句。and后的并列分句中包含定语从句thatwon'twork。译文：一个没有约束的梦想只能是一个梦想，一个不去为之奋斗的方案只能是一个不管用的方案。5．Weshouldliveourlifeonpurposebecause________.A.makingaplanreducesthecostofourworkB.makingaplanleadsustogetclosetosuccessC.wecanfinishourworkeasilywithagoodplanD.makingaplanletsusachieveourgoalsimmediately答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据文中倒数第二段中的“Yourplanwillkeepyouincontrolofyourlife,movingaheadtowardyourgoalofsuccessandhappiness〞可知，制订方案可以让我们离成功与幸福更近一步。6．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.planningyourworkisthemostimportantB.disciplinemakesupforanimperfectplanC.onewillfailifhemakesaplanwithoutcarryingitoutD.everyoneneedsadetailedplaninordertorealizehisdream答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据文中最后一段的内容可推知，如果一个人只是制订方案而不付诸实践，那么就永远不会成功。7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.NevergiveupyourdreamB.HowtoplanyourworkC.SuccessrequireshardworkD.Makeaplanaheadoftime答案与解析：D考查标题判断。本文主要讲述的是成功不是偶然的，它需要我们对自己的未来有明确的规划。只有这样，我们才能离成功与幸福更近一步。应选D。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·河北省高三质量监测)ThismorningafterIgotthenewsthatmybestfriend,SeanMisner,whowasoneofthefirefighters,diedinanArizonawildfireinJune,IcreatedaFacebookpageinhis__1__.SeanandIwerelikebrothers.Wemetplayingbaseballwhenwewereeightyearsold.We__2__life'supsanddownstogether.Hewas26whenhedied.Iwasin__3__whenIfoundoutthesituation.Friendsofhis__4__photosandinformationonhispage,andIsetupawayforpeopleto__5__moneytoSean'swife,Amanda,andtheirson,rightthroughFacebook.Mysisterisajournalist,andshesuggestedthatwearrangeeverything__6__whilethefirewasgettingnational__7__.Inthefirstcoupleofdays,Sean'spagegot2,000likes.Todayithasmorethan27,000likes.WhenSean'sfamilydrovehisashes500milesfromPrescott,Arizona,tohis__8__inSantaYnez,California,firefightershadbeenstandingoneveryhighwayoverpass(立交桥)．Iwassurprisedathowmuchit__9__metoseethatotherpeoplecared.StrangersweresendingFacebookmessages,__10__babyclothestoAmandaandwe've__11__about$10,000forhisson'seducation.OnepostisfromalittleboyinNevadawhosaid,whenhe__12__hewantstobeafirefighter.It__13__touchedme.PeoplepostedmessagesaboutwhataheroSeanwasandtheywereright.Thereisalotof__14__onthatFacebookpage.I__15__oneday,whenSean'sson,SeanJaxon,is__16__enough,hewillseehow__17__hisfatherwasthroughthispage.DuringmomentswhenImissSean,Ivisitthe__18__，anditmakesmesmile.Onmybirthdayorhisbirthdayorsome__19__date,I'llreadthemessagesandlookatthephotosthatpeoplehaveposted.It'sawayformetokeephismemory__20__.【解题导语】本文讲述了作者在网上为英年早逝的好友发帖募捐的故事。1．A.honourB.absenceC.existenceD.death解析：inone'shonour意为“为向某人表示敬意〞，与语境died照应。答案：A2．A.gotthroughB.passedthroughC.wentthroughD.lookedthrough解析：根据语境“SeanandIwerelikebrothers〞可知，作者与Sean关系很好，是铁哥们儿，患难与共。gothrough“经历〞。答案：C3．A.fearB.horrorC.anxietyD.shock解析：根据上文的“Hewas26whenhedied〞可推知，作者对于好友英年早逝感到震惊(shock)。答案：D4．A.tookB.hungC.developedD.posted解析：根据语境“onhispage〞可推知，Sean的朋友在网页上发布照片和相关信息。下文的“Peoplepostedmessages〞“lookatthephotosthatpeoplehaveposted〞也是提示。答案：D5．A.saveB.donateC.makeD.earn解析：因为Sean英年早逝，因此作者通过Facebook让人们为Sean的遗孀和儿子捐款，以应对他们以后的生活。donate“捐款〞，符合语境。答案：B6．A.practicallyB.sincerelyC.quicklyD.regularly解析：根据上文的“Mysisterisajournalist〞可推知，作为新闻记者的妹妹建议我们要迅速(quickly)发布相关信息。答案：C7．A.attentionB.supportC.sympathyD.recognition解析：getattention意为“引起注意〞，符合语境，应选A。答案：A8．A.officeB.homeC.schoolD.community解析：根据语境可知，Sean的家人把其骨灰送回他家乡。答案：B9．A.entertainedB.frightenedC.comfortedD.astonished解析：根据“StrangersweresendingFacebookmessages,__10__babyclothestoAmandaandwe've__11__about$10,000forhisson'seducation〞可推知，有那么多陌生人关注Sean，这让作者感到很抚慰。答案：C10．A.offeringB.intendingC.expectingD.conveying解析：根据上文的“seethatotherpeoplecared〞可推知，许多人很关注这件事情，提供了大量的帮助。offersth.tosb.意为“向某人提供某物〞，符合语境。答案：A11．A.graspedB.foundedC.figuredD.raised解析：根据上文的“to__5__moneytoSean'swife〞可推知，作者通过Facebook呼吁网友为Sean的妻子和儿子捐钱。此处指共为Sean儿子的教育筹幕到大约10000美元。raisemoney“筹钱〞。答案：D12．A.turnsupB.picksupC.comesupD.growsup解析：