浙江省慈溪市2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语模拟试题

请关注“高中试题库”获取更多免费资源！2022学年第二学期慈溪市高二期末测试英语试卷注意事项：1.本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）；全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟.2.答题前，考生务必把自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.3.答第I卷时，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑、涂满；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号.4.答第II卷时，用黑色墨水钢笔在答题卡规定区域内作答；答在本试卷上或超出答题区域书写的答案无效.第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.1.Whatwillthewomanprobablydofirst?A.HavedinnerB.GoshoppingC.Sendemails2.Whywasthewomansolate?A.Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.B.Hercarbrokedownontheway.C.Shemissedthebus.3.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.Playingfootball.B.Talkingaboutaplayer.C.Watchingafootballmatch4.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Heattendedschool.B.Hetalkedwithhisfriend.C.HesawafilmonTV.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewomanshouldn'tbuythatsuit.B.Thewomanneedsmoremoney.C.Thewomanshouldusemoneymorecarefully.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.6.Whydidthemancallthepolicemanforhelp?.A.Becausethemanlosthiswayhome.B.Becausethemancouldn'tgetintouchwithhisfamily.C.Becausethemanwastiredandunwillingtowalkhome.7.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman'swife.B.Theman'sdaughter.C.Theman'sgranddaughter.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题.8.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Strangers.9.WhydoesthekidfromBrazilfindithardtocommunicate?A.Becauseheisveryshy.B.BecausehespeakslittleEnglish.C.Becauseheisnotwelcomed.10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherspecialattention?A.Worthwhile.B.Useless.C.Easy.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题.11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aholiday.B.Amountain.C.Aperson.12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Hefeltverytired.B.Hestoppedhalfway.C.Hemetmanyfamouspeople.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Shedoesn'tlikeclimbingmountains.B.Shewantstovisitthemountain,too.C.Shehasbeentothemountainbefore.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题.14.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Thetown.B.Thehospital.C.Thegovernmentoffice.15.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Seeingadoctor.B.Doingbusiness.C.Enjoyinghisholiday.16.Whydoesthemanwanttovisitthecountryside?A.Becauseheworksinthecountryside.B.Becausehemisseslifeinthecountryside.C.Becausehehasneverbeentothecountryside.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题.17.Whendidthespeakerbuyhisticket?A.LastMonday.B.Thirteendaysago.C.Thirtydaysago.18.Hodidthespeakergototheairport?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bytrain.19.Howdidthespeakerfeelatfirstontheplane?A.Calm.B.Happy.C.Frightened.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Hehadneverbeeninaplanebefore.B.Heisofteninaplane.C.Hehadbeeninaplaneonlytwice.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.AIfyouwalkthroughapark,youmayenjoythescents(气味）offlowers,waterandsoil.Ifyouareespeciallylucky,youwillgettosmellfresh-cutgrass.It'sabelovedscentthattransportsmanypeoplebacktotheirchildhood.Butthere'sadarksidetothatsmell.Indeed,weareinlovewiththescentoffear.Plantshavemanydifferentchemicaldefenses.Thatsmellisoneofthem,asthegrassrespondstoanattack,signaling(向......示意）tothesurroundinggrassthatdangeriscoming.Thefresh,"green”scentofajust-mowedlawnisthelawntryingtosaveitself,saysastoryatsciencewebsiteReal-ClearScience.Thesmellisproducedbyamixofchemicalscalledgreenleafvolatiles(GLVs,绿叶挥发物）.Whentheleafyplantsareinjuredbyanimalseatingthem,peoplecuttingthem,oranyotherroughtreatment-theygiveoffGLVsintotheair.TheseGLVsareawarningtoneighbouringplantsthattheirflowersmightberemoved,sotheycanmoveresourceslikesugartowardtheirrootsandawayfromtheirflowers.Thisreducesaplant'spotentiallossesandcanhelpitgrowbacklater.TherushofGLVsdoesafewotherthings,too.Onechemicalhelpstoclosethewoundonthedamagedplant.Othersactasantibiotics(抗生素）andpreventbacterialinfections.SomeGLVsmayalsoreactwithanimalsthateatplants.SilkeAll-mannandIanT.Baldwin,researchersfromtheUniversityofAmsterdam,Netherlands,foundthatsomecaterpillars(毛虫）arechangedbytheGLVcompounds(化合物）whentheyeatatobaccoplant.Tobaccomakesthecaterpillarsmoreattractivetopredators(捕食者）.Forthetobaccoplants,thisislikehavinganolderbrothercometobeatupyourbully(欺凌者）.Thankfully,nothingiscomingtoeatyouwhenyoumowthelawn.Instead,wehumangettreatedtosomegreat-smellingGLVs.Oneisacompoundknownas"cis-3-hexenal".Thisisthesamechemicalthatgivesstrawberriestheirsweetscent.Similarcompoundsarealsofoundinapplesandolives.＂JustaboutallfreshvegetableshavesomeGLVscentstothem,"BaldwintoldLiveScience,andfruitsmayreleasethecompoundsastheysoften."Throughoutevolutionaryhistory,we'veusedthatinformationtoknowwhensomethingisripe,"Baldwinsaid.Nowwecanuseittoknowwhengrassisfrightened.1.WhatdoweknowaboutGLVs?A.Theyareharmfultohumans. B.Theyareuniquetofloweringplants.C.Theytendtostayintheairforalongtime. D.Theyarereleasedwhenplantsgethurt.2.HowmayplantsreacttotheGLVsproducedbyneighbouringplants?A.Theygrowmorequickly. B.Theyproducemoreflowers.C.Theyabsorbmorewater. D.Theytransportresourcestotheirroots.3.Inparagraph5,theunderlinedpart"anolderbrother"referstoA.akindofantibiotic B.apredator. C.acaterpillar. D.atobaccoplant.4.AccordingtoBaldwin,GLVscanA.telluswhetherfruitsarereadytoeat. B.protectplantsfrompests.C.helpfruitsgrowmorequickly. D.helppeoplechoosedeliciousfruits.【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.A【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了植物气味所散发出来的不同的信息，这些气味有些是用于保护自己，也可以通过这些气味来了解植物的成熟度和当下的状况等等。【1题详解】细节理解题。第三段第二句提到“Whentheleafyplantsareinjuredbyanimalseatingthem,peoplecuttingthem,oranyotherroughtreatmenttheygiveoffGLVsintotheair.”当叶子植物被动物食用、人类切割，或者受到其他粗糙对待的时候，植物就会向空气中释放出一种叫做GLV的绿叶挥发物。故选D。2题详解】细节理解题。第三段第三句提到“TheseGLVsareawarningtoneighbouringplantsthattheirflowersmightberemoved,sotheycanmoveresourceslikesugartowardtheirrootsandawayfromtheirflowers.”这种绿叶挥发物对于邻近的植物也是一种警告的信号，这种物质会告知邻近的植物，它们的花可能会被摘下，以此将糖分等营养物质从花朵移动到根部以减少损失。故选D。【3题详解】词义猜测题。第五段提到绿叶挥发物会使食用植物的动物也发生反应。研究人员发现在毛毛虫吃了烟草植物之后，会被绿叶挥发物进行改变，使得毛毛虫更加容易吸引到毛毛虫捕食者，对于烟草植物而言，这种绿叶挥发物会帮助烟草植物不被毛毛虫吃掉，相当于一个大哥哥帮助弟弟不受欺负。A.akindofantibiotic一种抗生素；B.apredator.捕食者；C.acaterpillar.毛毛虫；D.atobaccoplant.烟草植物。此处的“anolderbrother”指的是毛毛虫捕食者。故选B。【4题详解】细节理解题。最后一段第三句提到“Throughoutevolutionaryhistory,we'veusedthatinformationtoknowwhensomethingisripe”在整个进化史中，人们可以利用植物释放出的这些信息来判断东西是否成熟了，告诉我们水果是否可以吃。故选A。BYouknowtheoldphrase,"Practicemakesperfect."Thatmaynotalwaysbetrue.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinRoyalSocietyOpenScience,thereareotherfactorsforreachingelite(最优秀的）levelsofability.Theresearcherssetouttoreplicate(复制）theprocessofanew-famous1993studyoftop-levelviolinistsandpianists.Onaverage,theearlierstudyfoundthattop-rankedmusicianshadclockedover10,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Itputtheirsuccessdowntothehoursspentpracticing,downplayingtheimportanceofnatural,learningskillsandotherfactors.AuthorMalcolmGladwelllaterreliedonthisstudyforhis2022book,Outliers.Hecalled10,000hours"themagicnumberofgreatness”.Questioningthisconclusion,BrookeMacnamaraandMeghaMaitra,fromCaseWesternReserveUniversityinOhio,US,soughtvolunteerstoputthe10,000-hourruletothetest.Thepairorganizedviolinistsintothreegroups,basedonwhethertheirtutorsratedthemasthebestplayers,goodplayers,oraverageplayers.Theywerethentoldtorecordhowlongtheypracticedeveryweek.Theyfoundthatthe“average”playershadaround6,000hoursofpractice.However,therewaslittleseparatingthegoodfromthebestmusicians.Bothgroupshadapproximately11,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Inall,thenumberofhoursspentpracticingaccountedforaboutaquarteroftheskilldifferenceacrossthethreegroups.＂Onceyougettothehighlyskilledgroups,practicestopsaccountingforthedifference,"MannamaratoldtheGuardian."Smallerfactorsthendeterminewhogoesontothatsuperelitelevel."＂Thefactorsdependontheskillbeinglearned:inchessitcouldbeintelligenceorworkingmemory,insportitmaybehowefficientlyapersonuseoxygen,"shesaid.Shealsopointedoutthefactorofmotivationandtheinteractionsofdifferentfactors.RalfKrampe,aco-authorofthe1993study,disagrees,sayingthequalityofpracticeandteachingdoesmatter.“....Istillconsiderdeliberate(刻意的）practicetobebyfarthemostimportantfactor,"hetoldtheGuardian.Itshouldbesaidthatneithersidediscountsthevalueofmakinganeffort.Evenifyouaren'tdestined（命中注定）tobetheworld'sgreatestviolinist,practicewillmakeyoualittlebitbetterthanyouwereyesterday.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthe1993study?A.The10.000-hourruleappliestoeverything.B.Naturaltalentisparticularlyimportantformusicians.C.Practiceisthekeytomasteringaskill.D.It'sbettertolearnaninstrumentatayoungage.6.WhatdidthestudybyMacnamaraandMaitrafind?A.Thethreegroupsofviolinistsvariedalotintheirpracticetimes.B.Themasteringofdifferentskillsrequireddifferenthoursofpractice.C.Motivationandtalentdeterminedwhetheronecouldbecomeaneliteviolinist.D.Practicetimedidn'tmakemuchdifferencebetween"thebest"and"good"violinists.7.Theunderlinedword"discount"probablymeansA.prove B.ignoreC.recognize D.consider【答案】5.C6.D7.B【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要是通过一项研究对“孰能生巧”这一观点进行了批判，但这一研究结果并未得到所有人的认同，不可否认的是：努力是有价值的。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词1993study锁定到第二自然段寻找答案，由“Onaverage,theearlierstudyfoundthattop-rankedmusicianshadclockedover10,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Itputtheirsuccessdowntothehoursspentpracticing,downplayingtheimportanceofnatural,learningskillsandotherfactors.早期的研究发现，顶级音乐家在20岁时平均练习时间超过10000小时。它把他们的成功归因于花在练习上的时间，轻视自然的重要性，学习技能和其他因素。A选项的意思是：一万小时定律适用于所有情况；B选项的意思是：天赋对应约家来说尤为重要；C选项的意思是：实践是掌握一项技能的关键；D选项的意思是：最好在年轻时学一种乐器。只有C选项符合研究结论，故答案为C选项。”【6题详解】细节理解题。根据“Theyfoundthatthe“average”playershadaround6,000hoursofpractice.However,therewaslittleseparatingthegoodfromthebestmusicians.Bothgroupshadapproximately11,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.他们发现“一般”的演奏者有大约6000小时的练习时间，然而，优秀和最好的音乐家之间几乎没有什么差别，两组人到20岁时都有大约11000小时的练习时间。”可知练习的多少不能使优秀和最好之间产生多大的差别，结合选项可知D选项为正确答案。【7题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文“Evenifyouaren'tdestined（命中注定）tobetheworld'sgreatestviolinist,practicewillmakeyoualittlebitbetterthanyouwereyesterday.即使你注定不能成为世界上最伟大的小提琴家，练习也会让你比昨天好一点。”可知努力练习是有意义、有价值的。我们不应该忽视努力的价值。结合各选项意思，可知B选项为正确答案。CLivinggratefullyhasahugetransformingpower,notjustwhensomethingwonderfulorspecialhappens,buteverydaynomatterwhatishappening.I'verecentlybeeninvolvedwithtwopeoplewhoseliveswerechallengedbybadluck.Ihaveseenhowgratefullivinghadthepowertokeeponeofthemgoingandhowit'sbeginningtolifttheother.Onewasafriendandtheotherismysister.Myfriendseemedtobeingoodhealthwhenshereceivedadeadlydiagnosis(诊断）：adiseasewithnoeffectivetreatment.Shehadalltheemotionsthatatragedy(悲剧）brings,butshealsohadapowerfulresponsetodespairthatgaveher"thehappinessthatdoesn'tdependonwhathappens."Shewroteonlinedaily,honestlysharingthedetailsofhersituation.Shewrotethateventhoughitwasdifficulttomove,thisgavehermoretimetonoticesmallthings.Shewasgratefulnotonlyfortheloveandhelpoffamilyandfriends,butalsofortimetoseethesunriseandwatchthebirdsinheryard.Noopportunityforgratefulnesswaswasted.Shetaughtthatgratefulnessisnotafalsecheerfulness.It'stakingeveryopportunitytocelebratetheblessingsofsmallthings.Wecanbegratefulforthechallengesthathelpusdevelopcompassion(同情）foreachother.Lifeisapreciousgift.Sherepeatedlyblogged(写博客）thatshewashappierthanshehadeverbeen.Whenshewroteabout"theworstday",sheendedwith"lifeisstillalovelygift."Shediedlaterthatday.Hermessage,however,changedmysister'slife.Mysister'shealthwasgettingworseandworse,thoughnothinglife-threatening.Shedidhaveaverypainfulknee.Herlifewasindangerfromherdefeatedspirit.Shewasbedbound(卧床不起），gettingweakerandweaker.Fearful,angryanddepressed,shefeltoutofoptionsforrecovery.Ireadmysisterafewofmyfriend'smessages.Iwascarefulnottosay,"Whycan'tyoubemorelikeher?"Instead,Iletthewordsdotheirwork.I'mgratefultosaythatanattitudeofgratitudebegantoreplaceherangerandfear.Ibelievethishelpedhertoheal.Wecan'tbegratefulforallthathappens,butwecanpracticegratefulnessforallthathappens,butwecanpracticegratefulnessforlifeitself,forallwecanlearntodealwith,forallthewayswecanhelpeachothergrowandheal.8.Howdidtheauthor'ssisterfeelwhenshewasill?A.calm.B.lonely.C.sad.D.confused.9.Whathappenedwhentheauthor'sfriendfoundshehadanincurabledisease?A.Shecomplainedthatlifewasunfairtoher.B.Shestartedtoappreciateandenjoythesmallthingsinlife.C.Shetriedherbesttolookfortreatment.D.Sherepeatedlybloggedabouthowpainfulitwas.10.Whatmessagedoesthearticlemainlyconvey?A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Gratitudehasthepowerofliftingpeople'sspirits.C.Healthisthemostimportantthingforpeople.D.Familieswillalwaysbetherenomatterwhathappens.【答案】8.C9.B10.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过记叙作者的朋友得了不治之症后，开始欣赏和享受生活中的小事，感恩身边的一切，而朋友的做法也改变了作者姐姐的生活。作者的姐姐健康状况也很糟，恐惧、愤怒和沮丧使她感到没有恢复的余地。作者认为我们不能对发生的一切心存感激，但我们可以对生活本身心存感激。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Herlifewasindangerfromherdefeatedspirit.Shewasbed-bound,gettingweakerandweaker.Fearful,angryanddepressed,shefeltoutofoptionsforrecovery.（她被击败的精神使她的生命处于危险之中。她困在床上，越来越虚弱。恐惧、愤怒和沮丧使她感到没有恢复的余地）可知，作者的姐姐生病时感觉很难过。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段Shetaughtthatgratefulnessisnotafalsecheerfulness.It'stakingeveryopportunitytocelebratetheblessingsofsmallthings.Wecanbegratefulforthechallengesthathelpusdevelopsympathyforeachother.Lifeisapreciousgift.（她教导我们感恩不是虚假的快乐。抓住每一个机会来庆祝小事情。我们可以感激那些帮助我们彼此同情的挑战。生命是一份珍贵的礼物）可知，当作者的朋友发现她得了不治之症时，她开始欣赏和享受生活中的小事。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Livinggratefullyhasahugetransformingpower,notjustwhensomethingwonderfulorspecialhappens,buteverydaynomatterwhatishappening.（心怀感恩的生活有着巨大的转变力量，不仅是在美好或特别的事情发生的时候，而是在每一天，不管发生了什么）可知，文章主要想告诉读者感恩有振奋人心的力量。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.LessonslearnedinpastoutbreaksThenovelcoronavirusdominates(主导）theheadlinesasoneoftheworld'smostpressingissues.Ithaskilledmorepeoplethanthe2022SARSoutbreak,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO).___11___?OneofthebiggestlessonsfromSARSwastosharethelatestinformationabouttheviruswiththepublicandothercountriesintheworldasquicklyaspossible.,___12___,allowingscientistsaroundtheworldtostartdevelopingavaccine(疫亩）onJan12,accordingtoXinhua.WithexperiencesoffightingagainstSARSandMERS,manycountrieswerealsobetterpreparedtostopthespreadofcoronavirus.___13___.Duringthe2022MERSoutbreak,researchshowedthatinfectedcamelscausedtheoutbreak.AccordingtotheWHO,strictmeasureswereenacted(实施），restrictingthesaleofcamelsandcamelproductsintheArabianPeninsula.Therewerealsomasshealthtestsforallthoseinclosecontactwithdiseasedanimals.___14___Inthefightagainstthenovelcoronavirus,Chinahasalsotakenmanyeffectivemeasurestocontrolthevirus.Undertheleadershipandcommandofthecentralgovernment,allprovincesandmunicipalities(自治区）acrossthecountryhavelaunchedaLevelOneemergencyresponsetothenovelcoronavirus.___15___.Itisbecauseoftheseeffectivemeasuresthattheepidemichasbeenconstrained（限制）successfullywithinChina,withtheconfirmedcaseslessthanmanyothercountries.A.Theyalsoquicklyisolated(隔离）thosewhowereconfirmedinfectedformedicalcareB.ChinesehealthofficialspublishedthedetailsofthenewvirusonlineC.ThenumberofinfectionsoverallinChinaarenowfarmorethanthatofSARAD.Followingthemeasures,thenumberoftheinfectedhasdramaticallydecreasedE.TheoutbreakhaskilledmanypeoplesincethefirstdeathwasreportedinWuhanF.ButthereisnobetterpreventionthanstoppingthesourceG.Whatcanwelearnfromthepastoutbreaks,includingSARSandMERS【答案】11.G12.B13.F14.D15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎的爆发在全球引起了极大关注，表明了控制疫情重在阻断源头，并且严格实施隔离治疗的措施，进一步有效控制疫情。【11题详解】根据上文“Ithaskilledmorepeoplethanthe2022SARSoutbreak,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO)”，可知新冠肺炎对比2022年的非典造成了更多人的死亡，且设空处后为问号，应为问句。而G项“我们可以从过去爆发的SARS和MERS中学到什么？”为问句，起承上启下作用。故选G项。【12题详解】根据下文“allowingscientistsaroundtheworldtostartdevelopingavaccine(疫亩）onJan12,”可知全球科学家开始研究疫苗。而B项“中国健康关于在网上公开了新型病毒的细节”是下文科学家研究疫苗的前提条件。故选B项。【13题详解】根据下文“Duringthe2022MERSoutbreak,researchshowedthatinfectedcamelscausedtheoutbreak.AccordingtotheWHO,strictmeasureswereenacted(实施），restrictingthesaleofcamelsandcamelproductsintheArabianPeninsula.”可知，在2022年MERS病毒爆发的时候，政府采取了措施从源头阻断的病毒的传播，而F项“但是没有比阻断源头根源的预防方法了”是下文的论点，下文举例证明了做法的有效性。故选F项。【14题详解】根据上文“Therewerealsomasshealthtestsforallthoseinclosecontactwithdiseasedanimals.”可知WTO针对那些与患病动物有密切接触的病毒源头做了很多健康测试，而D项“实施这些措施后，感染的数量大幅减少”则是采取这些措施后的效果。故选D项。【15题详解】根据上文“Inthefightagainstthenovelcoronavirus,Chinahasalsotakenmanyeffectivemeasurestocontrolthevirus.”可知，为了抗击新冠肺炎，中国采取了很多措施来控制病毒，而A项“那些被确诊的病例很快就被隔离”是上述措施的具体做法。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.OnedayinMay1884,twenty-one-year-oldIdaBellWells___16___atrainforWoodstock.Idasatinthefirst-classladies'___17___andopenedherbook.Minuteslatertheconductor___18___passengers'tickets.HetoldIdatogototheothercarriage.In1884,AfricanAmericans,___19___intheSouth,didnothavethesame___20___aswhites.Theycouldnot___21___thesameschoolsandtheywereexpectedtositina(n)___22___railroadcarriage,onethatwasusuallydirtyandsmoke-filled,thoughtheywerecharged___23___fare.Havingpaidforafirst-classticket,Idarefusedto___24___.Thentheconductor,togetherwithtwootherrailroadmen,___25___Idafromherseat,tearinghersleeve.Aftershewas___26___outofherseat,Idasued(起诉）theChesapeakeandOhioRailroad.Whenthecasewentto___27___,thejudgedecidedinIda'sfavor.He___28___her500dollarsindamages.ButIda's___29___didnotlastlong.TheChesapeakeandOhioRailroadappealeditscase.Thistime,thevictorywenttotherailroad.Idahadlosther___30___withtherailroad,butnotherdeterminationto___31___whatwasright.Afterlosinghercase,Idawroteanarticleaboutit,which___32___inanumberofAfricanAmericannewspapers.Readersquicklyrecognizedthe___33___ofIda'swords.In1913,IdacametoWashington,D.C.asajournalist.ThereshebecamearepresentativeoftheNationalEqualRightsLeague.Theleague___34___PresidentWoodrowWilsontoendsegregation(种族隔离）.Idadidn'tlivetoseetheendofsegregation,butshedidhelpleadthewayinbringingabout___35___forall.16.A.operated B.boarded C.accommodated D.stopped17.A.room B.station C.club D.coach18.A.collected B.purchased C.reserved D.booked19.A.similarly B.exactly C.particularly D.absolutely20.A.rights B.levels C.problems D.qualities21.A.finish B.visit C.attend D.establish22.A.empty B.separate C.available D.private23.A.basic B.full C.casual D.low24.A.takein B.getin C.comein D.givein25.A.pulled B.settled C.drove D.carried26A.requested B.guided C.stuck D.forced27.A.press B.system C.court D.media28.A.awarded B.returned C.owed D.handed29.A.measure B.victory C.position D.attempt30.A.belief B.challenge C.battle D.opportunity31.A.lookfor B.standupfor C.reachfor D.payfor32.A.appeared B.explained C.stated D.reported33.A.meaning B.charm C.value D.power34.A.putoff B.calledout C.resultedin D.appealedto35.A.fortune B.safety C.justice D.happiness【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.B32.A33.D34.D35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文，记叙了艾达为争取非裔美国人在权利上的平等，呼吁废除种族隔离政策所作出的努力和贡献。【16题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：1884年五月的一天，21岁的艾达贝尔威尔斯登上一辆去往Woodstock的火车。A.operated操作，手术；B.boarded登机、登船、登车；C.accommodated住宿；D.stopped停止。根据Idasatinthefirst-class。可知，21岁的艾达贝尔威尔斯登上一辆去往Woodstock的火车。故选B。【17题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：艾达坐在女性头等车厢里坐下，翻开她书阅览。A.room房间；B.station车站；C.club俱乐部；D.coach沙发；教练，车厢。根据theothercarriage可知，艾达坐在女性头等车厢里坐下。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：数分钟以后，乘务员来收集乘客的车票。A.collected收集；B.purchased购买；C.reserved预留，保留；D.booked预订。这里根据常识，乘务员来验票当然要收集票据了。故选A。【19题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：在1884年非裔美国人，尤其是在美国南部，他们没有和白人相同的权利。A.similarly相似地；B.exactly确切地；C.particularly特别地；D.absolutely绝对地。根据intheSouth文，可知，在1884年非裔美国人，尤其是在美国南部，他们没有和白人相同的权利。故选C。【20题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：同上。A.rights权利；B.levels水平；C.problems问题；D.qualities质量。根据下文Theycouldnot6thesameschoolsandtheywereexpectedtositina(n)7railroadcarriage,onethatwasusuallydirtyandsmoke-filled,thoughtheywerecharged8fare.可知，他们没有和白人相同的权利。故选A。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他们不能上同样的学校读书，而且，尽管他们购买的是全票，但他们被要求坐与白人隔离开的火车车厢，而那里通常肮脏不堪，烟雾弥漫。A.finish完成；B.visit参观，访问；C.attend上（学）；D.establish建立。根据thesameschools可知，他们不能上同样的学校读书。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他们不能上同样的学校读书，而且，尽管他们购买的是全票，但他们被要求坐与白人隔离开的火车车厢，而那里通常肮脏不堪，烟雾弥漫。A.empty空的；B.separate分开的；隔离的；C.available可获得的；D.private私有的，私人的。根据onethatwasusuallydirtyandsmoke-filled可知，他们被要求坐与白人隔离开的火车车厢。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管他们购买的是全票。A.basic基础的；B.full充满的；C.casual随意的；D.low低的。这里通过though转折含义推出尽管如此，也……，而购买全票后应该享受和白人一样的权利的权利却没有了，所以才这样用转折词表达。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：因为支付了全票购买头等舱座椅，所以艾达拒绝屈服。A.takein欺骗；B.getin进入；C.comein进来；D.givein屈服。根据下文Thentheconductor,togetherwithtwootherrailroadmen,10Idafromherseat,tearinghersleeve，艾达没有屈服。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：然后乘务员和另外两个铁路工作人员拉着艾达离开她的座位，撕扯着她的衣袖。A.pulled拉；B.settled解决；C.drove驾驶；D.carried携带。根据tearinghersleeve可知，乘务员和另外两个铁路工作人员拉着艾达离开她的座位。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在艾达被强迫离开座位后，艾达起诉了Chesapeake和Ohio铁路局。A.requested要求；B.guided指导；C.stuck困住；D.forced强迫。根据前面艾达不肯屈服，是被拉起来离开座位的，所以推出她是被强迫离开座位的。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：当法院审理案子时，法官判决挨艾达胜诉。A.press媒体，新闻机构；B.system系统；C.court法院；D.media媒体。根据前面的Idasued(起诉）一词可以推定是法院审理的案子。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：法官奖励艾达500美元以弥补她的损失。A.awarded奖励；B.returned返还；C.owed拥有；D.handed传递。根据her500dollarsindamages可知，法官奖励艾达500美元以弥补她的损失。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：但是艾达的胜诉并没有持续多久。A.measure度量，测量；B.victory胜利；C.position位置；D.attempt尝试。根据下文Thistime,thevictorywenttotherailroad.这次胜诉给予了铁路局。这里victory是关键词。它直接告诉我们上次的是胜诉方艾达，而这次的胜诉方是铁路局。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：艾达在这次与铁路局的战斗中失败了。A.belief信任，信仰；B.challenge挑战；C.battle战斗，战役；D.opportunity机会，机遇。根据thevictory以及Afterlosing可知，艾达在这次与铁路局的战斗中失败了。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：但这并没有让她丧失坚决维护正义而战斗的决心。A.lookfor寻找；B.standupfor坚决维护；C.reachfor够的目的是……D.payfor支付。根据Afterlosinghercase,Idawroteanarticleaboutit,which17inanumberofAfricanAmericannewspapers.Readersquicklyrecognizedthe18ofIda'swords.可知，但这并没有让她丧失坚决维护正义而战斗的决心。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：艾达写了一篇关于此事的文章，而它大量出现在非裔美国人的报刊上。A.appeared出现；B.explained解释；C.stated陈述；D.reported报道。根据Readersquicklyrecognizedthe18ofIda'swords.可知，艾达写了一篇关于此事的文章，而它大量出现在非裔美国人的报刊上。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：读者很开快就意识到艾达文字的力量。A.meaning意义；B.charm迷人；C.value价值；D.power权力，能力。读者很开快就意识到艾达文字的力量。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：1913年，艾达来到华盛顿成为了一名记者。在那里她成为了一名民族权力平等联合会的一名代表。该联合会呼吁总统WoodrowWilson结束种族隔离政策。A.putoff放下；B.calledout呼喊出；C.resultedin结果导致；D.appealedto吸引，呼吁。宗族隔离政策是民众自上而下的要求，这里应该是呼吁总统结束种族隔离政策。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：艾达没有活着看到种族隔离的结束，但她确实在为所有人争取公正方面起到了带头作用。A.fortune幸运；B.safety安全；C.justice公平；D.happiness幸福。种族隔离政策的废除本身就是废除权利不平等，不公平的社会现象。所以她确实在为所有人争取公正方面起到了带头作用。故选C。第II卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式.ThehistoricaldramaSerenadeofPeacefulJoyhasbeenatrendingtopicsinceit___36___（release)onApril7.Ithasattractedalmost7.5billionviewsandover190,000commentsonSinaWeibobyMay5.Theshowisan____37____（adapt)fromthenovelHeldintheLonelyCastlewrittenin2022byMilanLady,with____38____（vary)editionspublishedsince2022.ThestoryfollowsEmperorRenzong,___39___（play)byWangKai,oftheSongDynasty(960-1279)ashestruggles____40____maintaininghisideologiesofgoverningthecountryandhisloveforhisdaughter,PrincessHuirou.Thefour-decadereignofEmperorRenzong,from1022to1063,____41____（mark)thehighpointofSongDynasty'spowershasgreatinfluencesonChinesehistory.Manyofthebest-known____42____（write)inChinesehistorylivedduringthisperiod,someof___43___includingSuShi,WangAnshiandFanZhongyanarefeaturedintheseries.Afewdaysafteritspremiere(首映），____44____showishighlypraisedforitsoutstandingprops,costumes,make-upandwriting,which_____45_____（accurate)portrayedthefeaturesoftheSongDynasty.【答案】36.wasreleased37.adaption/adaptation38.various39.played40.between41.marking42.writers43.whom44.the45.accurately【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由小说《孤独的城堡》改编的历史剧《平和欢乐的小夜曲》在首映后，广泛受到好评。【36题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：自4月7日发行以来，这部历史剧《平和欢乐的小夜曲》一直是热门话题。截止到5月5日，它在新浪微博上已经吸引了近75亿的浏览量和超过19万的评论。空格前“…hasbeenatrendingtopic”是现在完成时，现在完成时的时间状语可以为since+过去的时间点/过去的动作，由此可知空格处要用一般过去时，通过分析可知it与release为被动关系，故要填一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为wasreleased。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：这部剧是根据米兰女士2022年写的小说《孤独的城堡》改编的。空格前为冠词an，可知空格处要填一个名词，adapt的名词形式既可以是adaption，也可以是adaptation，故答案为adaption/adaptation。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：自2022年以来出现了各种各样的版本。空格后的editions是名词，故前面需要一个形容词来修饰，所以答案为various。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。空格前是一个完整的句子，但以逗号结尾，由此可知空格处要填非谓语动词，EmperorRenzong与play（扮演）是逻辑上的被动关系，所以空格处填过去分词，故答案为played。40题详解】考查介词。句意：在此期间，他挣扎在维护自己的治国理念和爱自己的女儿慧柔公主之间。空格处没有提示词，一般填冠词、代词、介词。根据空格后半句中的and,联想到介词between，between…and.意为：在......之间，再结合句意，可知答案为between。【41题详解】考查动名词。句意：从1022年到1063年，仁宗四十年的统治，标志着宋朝实力的高峰，对中国历史产生了巨大的影响。分析句子结构，可知has之前的部分为句子的主语，主语一般由名词、动名词、代词充当，故答案为mark的动名词形式marking。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：中国历史上许多著名的作家都生活在这个时期。空格前的best-known是一个形容词，