电力公司海外承包工程施工安全手册中英文

施工安全手册中英文）Constructionsafetymanual土耳其AYAS站项目TurkeyAYASPowerStationProject

序言Introduction随着企业品牌的不断升级，职业安全管理工作越发成为施工企业管理工作中的首要环节，东电一公司在AYAS电厂工程项目经理部在东电一公司建立健全职业安全管理体系的前提下，积极推行职业安全健康管理体系审核规范标准，遵守法律、法规和其它要求，完善机构设置，加强全员培训教育，明确各职能部门、各层次人员在职业安全健康管理体系中的责任们将积极贯彻东电一公司诚信守法，以人为本；节能降耗，保护环境；过程控制，确保安全；奉献精品，顾客满意；管理创新，持续改的质量、环境和职业安全健康方针，确保公司职业安全Withconstantupgradingoftheenterprisetrademark,occupationalsafetymanagementmorethaneverbecomesthefirststepinmanagementofaconstructionenterprise.UnderthepreconditionofestablishingandperfectingtheoccupationalsafetymanagementsysteminNEPC,theAYASPowerPlantprojectmanagerdepartmentofNEPCpositivelypromotesoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystemcheckcodesandstandards,abidesbyrequirementsoflaws,regulationsandotherrequirements,perfectsorganizationconfiguration,strengthenstrainingeducationsofallemployees,anddeterminesresponsibilitiesofvariousfunctionaldepartmentsandvariouspersonsintheoccupationalsafetyhealthmanagementsystem.Wewillpositivelyimplementthequality,environmentalandoccupationalsafetyhealthpoliciesofNEPCof“Honestlaw-abiding,people-oriented;energysavingandconsumptionreduction,protectingenvironments;processcontrol,ensuringsafety;offeringelaborateworks,customersatisfied;managementinnovation,constantimprovementensurerealizationofoccupationalsafetyobjectivesofNEPC.经过一段时间的职业安全管理工作实践，我们在积极吸收和借鉴国内外同行的先进管理经验同时，为了进一步提高我项目经理部职业安全管理工作标准和水平，我们组织相关人员编写了这本《施工安全知识手册“全通则、员工的

安全要求、安全管理技术、个人防护用品、各种工作安全要求、辐射材料安全、消防安全、工具及设备安全、反习惯性违章、现场模块化管理、现场急救安全”等方面做了比较详细的解读，旨“内强素质、外树形”，提高全员职业安全意识，从而为我们在施工生产中营造一个良好的安全氛围。这也是我们积极开展预防和控制各类事故，保障劳动者在劳动过程中安全和健康的具体工作体现。我衷心的希望广大职工积极行动起来，加强学习，强化管理，提高认识，使我们的职业安全管理工作不断进步。Afteracertainperiodofpracticesonoccupationalsafetymanagement,weorganizerelatedpersonstopreparethe<Constructionsafetymanual>whilepositivelyabsorbingandreferringadvancedmanagementexperiencesofdomesticandforeigncolleaguestofurtherincreasestandardsandlevelsofoccupationalsafetymanagementoftheprojectmanagerdepartment.Ratherdetailexplanationsaremadeinsuchtheaspectsof“Safetygeneral,safetyrequirementsonemployees,safetymanagementtechniques,personalprotectionappliances,safetyrequirementsonvariousjobs,radiativematerialsafety,fireprotectionsafety,toolsandequipmentssafety,againstofhabitualpeccancy,fieldmodularizationmanagementandfieldfirst-aidsafety”Theobjectivesofthemanualareto“strengthenqualityinternandestablishimageexternally”andtoincreaseoccupationalsafetyconsciousnessofallemployees,soastocreateagoodsafetyatmosphereforusinconstruction.Itisalsothedetailedrepresentationofuspositivelydevelopingpreventionandcontrolofvariousaccidentsandguaranteeingsafetyandhealthoflaborsduringoperation.Isincerelyhopethatallemployeesactpositively,strengthenlearning,strengthenmanagementandincreaseunderstandingtoadvanceouroccupationalsafetymanagement.理Project1.0

简介Briefintroduction

objectiveofthemanualistohelpyouunderstandandabidesafetyregulationsoftheconstructionproject.Itisimportantthatyoumustunderstandworkwillbeimplementedinasafeway.Ifyoudontunderstand,youshouldstopworkingandunderstand,andthenbegintowork.Yoursafetyandhealthyaswellassafetyofpersonsjointlyworkingwithyoucompletelyonyouconstantandsincereendeavors.Actionsmustbetaken!……。istoimplementworkofeverydayinasafepattern.……Safetyistoprotectpersonsandequipmentsfromdangers.……Safetyisrequirementstheproject.Wemustabidebysafetyregulationsoftheprojectdepartment.willexplainsafetyregulationsofprojectdepartment安全生产警钟长

indetailwhenwetakeasafetyeducationforyou.

通则General2.1Absentee如果你不能来工作，应告知你的工作负责人员。Ifcannotcometowork,youshouldtellyourworkprincipals.2.2Minorinjury每一伤害应立即报告你的工作负责人员以便及时治疗。Eachinjuryshouldbereportedtoyourworkprincipalsimmediatelyforconvenienceoftimelytreatment.2.3Dresses着装需遵守项目部相关规定，统一着装进入施工现场。Dressesshouldcomplywithrelateddepartmentoftheprojectdepartmentandpersonsenteringtheconstructionfieldshouldputonuniformdresses.不可穿着会绞入机器中或造成意外的服拖地的裤脚或宽松的衣袖或衣服Youshouldnotondresseswhichwillbewrungintomachinesorcauseaccidents(forexample,dragglingtrouserlegs,brokenorloosegussets,necktiesorclothes).必须随时穿着衬衫肩部须塞入裤内shouldwearshirtsatanymomenttocoveryourshoulderandtheshirtshouldbeslippedintotrousers.(Itisexceptionalforwelding.)2.4Walkonoffield除另有规定外应靠右侧行走工作区域或建筑物内抄近路shouldwalkalongrightsideexceptthatitisregulatedotherwiseandyoushouldnottakeashortcutintheworkingareaorbuildings.2.5Running除极紧急外，不得在任何场所跑步。Youshouldnotrunonanyplacesexceptforveryemergentsituations.2.6Motorvehicles进入施工现场的车辆必须办理机动车入场证，并服从安全保卫人员管理。Motorvehicleentrancepermitsshouldbeobtainedforvehiclesenteringtheconstructionfieldandshouldobeymanagementofsafetyguardpersons.2.7Specialregulations本工地禁止喧闹、打架、赌博、持有武器、持有或饮用酒或未经许可的药物。Clamor,fight,gambling,possessionofweapons,possessionordrinkingofwineorotherunapproveddrugsinthefieldisforbidden.

员工的全要求Safetyrequirementsonemployeesorderavoidinjuryduringwork,youmustmakegoodcommunicationswithsafetysupervisors,colleaguesandpersonswhichmightbeaffectedbyyourwork.Beforebeginningonework,youmustbefamiliarwithdangeroftheworkandunderstandavoidinjury.YoushouldReadthefollowingbasicsafetyexplanations,sufficientlyunderstandthepartapplicableforyourworkandcarrymanualwithyouforconvenienceofreferencingwhenmeetingdifferentsituations.3.1Personalsafetyequipments进入施工场随时需要戴安全帽。helmetsshouldbeputonatanymomentwhenenteringintotheconstructionfield.在许多工中需戴安全眼镜。glassesshouldbeputoninmanyoperations.强烈建议着安全鞋。isstronglysuggestedthatsafetyshoesshouldbeputon.在米以上处作业时，必须系安全带safetybeltmustbetiedifoperationsarecarriedoutattheplaceabove2m.对于某些殊的工作，应配戴呼面罩与橡胶手套。Amaskandrubberglovesshouldbeputonforsomespecialoperations.绝大多数作需配戴劳保手套。protectionglovesmustbeputonformostofoperations.

3.2Toolsandequipments状况须良，且在近期检查过。mustbeingoodconditionsandhavebeencheckedrecently.只能由合人员使用。Theycanonlybeusedbyqualifiedpersons.不可改变具及护罩。Toolsprotectingcoversshouldnotbechanged.只能按其计目的使用工具。canbeusedonlyaccordingtotheirdesignobjectives.3.3Guardrails适用于地面挖掘坑洞的四周屋顶工作的边缘，高空作业的周围及所有打开孔盖的四周。Guardrailsareapplicableforsurroundsofholesdugonground,edgesofroofwork,surroundsofoverheadoperationsandsurroundsofallopenedholecovers.3.4Ladders直梯或伸梯必须系牢。laddersorextensionladdersmustbefixedfirmly.必须全开横撑定位并摆平稳来用。laddermustbecompletelyextendedtoorientatethecrossbarsandsetlevelforuse.面向梯子工作，双脚踏在横杆。shouldworkbyfacingtheladderandbothfeetstandonthecrossbar.不要站立梯顶平台或人字梯的上一级Youshouldnotstandonplatformattopoftheladderorthehighestgradeofatrestleladder.要防止梯滑动有必要加防滑垫Youshouldpreventslidingoftheladderandanon-slipmatshouldbeprovidedifnecessary.除特殊情要与安全绳和防坠器一起使Exceptforspecialsituations,laddersshouldbeusedincombinationwithsafetyropesandsafetycatchers.3.5Scaffold需有扶手及中护栏，及挡脚板mustbeprovidedwithhandrails,middleguardrailsandforefootplates.在使用前住所有轮子。Allwheelsmustbelockedbeforeuse.有人在脚架时，绝不可移动脚架。shouldnotbemovedifapersonisonthescaffold.如果超过层时就系紧。scaffoldsshouldbetiedfirmlyiftheyexceedtwolayers.使用梯子下脚手架——绝不可攀脚手架的件。shouldgetonanddownthescaffoldsbyusingaladder–youshouldnotclimbcomponentsofthescaffolds.应将所有点闩住，包括移动式手架的脚轮。jointsshouldbefastened,includingfootwheelsofmovablescaffolds.3.6Marks需要时使，不需要时迅速移掉shouldbeusedifnecessaryandshouldberemovedrapidlyifunnecessary.要注意标上所说明的事项。shouldbepaidonitemsexplainedonmarks.3.7Weldingandcuttingoperations清除附近燃的材料。Removesurroundingmaterials.检查设备安全工作状况。safetyworkingconditionsofequipments.在开始工前，先获得动火许可afirepermitbeforeworking.确认附近火器的位置，或取一火器备用。Confirmpositionsofsurroundingfireextinguishersortakeafireextinguisherforuse.3.8Liftingoperation了解倒链绳卡，卡环（卸扣）正确使用方法Understandcorrectusemethodsofjacks,cableheadsandsnaprings(shackle).使用拉绳控制吊物方向。apullropetocontroldirectionoftheobjecttobelifted.了解起重备的额定负载及吊物重量。Understandloadoftheliftingequipmentandweightoftheobjecttobelifted.3.9Fireprotection只可在指地区吸烟。Onlyatadesignatedregion.不可使用随擦随着”火柴。usewithrub”matches.对于焊接切割或其他明火等作应先获得许可。apermitforwelding,cuttingorotheropenfireoperations.了解火警号，同时知道如何报。firealarmsignalsandunderstandhowtogiveanalarm.清楚灭火位置及如何使用。positionofuseoffireextinguishers.3.10Risklabels适当填写并标示在不得作的开关及阀门位Risklabelsshouldbeproperlyfilledandbemarkedatpositionsofswitchesandvalveswhichshouldnotbeoperated.印上不可乱动—不操作”字样。shouldbemarkedwiththesampleofmoverandomly–notoperate”.进入施工场的人员有责任互相醒，使充分认识到险标签的义。Personsenteringconstructionfieldshavetheresponsibilitiesofremindingwitheachothertosufficientlyunderstandmeaningsoftherisklabels.3.11Permission在开始焊接容器工作或任何挖掘工作之前获得工作许可beginningwelding,enteringcontainersorperforminganydiggingoperations,workpermissionshouldbeobtainedfirstly.3.12Digging深度超过米时挖掘坑边壁须做支或放坡。Whendepthexceeds1.5m,sidewallsofthedugpitshouldbesupportedorsloped.具有适当进出通道。Properentranceandexitpassagesshouldbeprovided.搭设围护对其人员作成护Guardrailsshouldbeprovidedtoformprotectionforotherpersons.弃土堆离口边缘米。Thediscardedsoilpileshouldbe1mfarawayfromedgeofthepitopening.

3.13Inflammablesubstances储藏在有当标签的容器内。shouldbestoredinacontainerwithaproperlabel.远离烟火焊接、切割或其他热。shouldbefarawayfromsmoke,fire,andwelding,cuttingorotherhotsources.3.14Safetyindication在作业负责人未详细的把工作说明清楚之前始工作shouldnotbebegunbeforetheoperationprincipalexplainstheworkindetail.3.15Workneatness将每一物放置在适当位置。substanceshouldbeplacedatproperpositions.将垃圾及他废弃物，放置在规的容器内，用于放易燃及有物质的容器应加盖。Garbageandotherwastesshouldbeplacedinregulatedcontainersandthecontainersforcontaininginflammableandharmfulsubstancesshouldbecovered.在工作进中要保持工具及工作所的整洁。Neatnessoftoolsandworkingplacesshouldbekeptduringwork.将电线及管固定在离地米的地方或平放在人行道外andrubberpipesshouldbefixedontheplacewhichis2mabovethegroundorflatlyplacedoutsidethepavements.将所有材工具及设备放置在稳固的位（系牢堆积或加垫以止滚动或坠落Allmaterials,toolsandequipmentsshouldbeplacedinafirmposition(fastenedfirmly,piledorfilledwithpads)topreventrollingorfalling.保持所有出通道清洁无阻。entranceandexitpassagesshouldbekeptneatandsmooth.定期处理圾。Garbageshouldbedisposedregularly.4.0

安全管技术SafetymanagementtechniquesExperiencesusethatsafetysupervisionpersonsandtechniciansshouldfollowthefollowingsafetyprotectionmethodssevereinjuriesduringoperationshouldavoided.Theobjectiveofthissectionistotellyouhowatechnicianusesthesemethods.4.1Workdistributionandsafetyindication在指派某人一项任务以前论是新工作或重复的工作全监察人员有责任向他说明该项工作的安全预防措施及在工作进行以前应采取的预防措施。Beforeataskisassignedtooneperson,nomatteritisnewworkorrepeatedwork,thesafetysupervisorsshouldhavetheresponsibilityofexplainingthesafetyprecautionsoftheworkandprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforetheworkiscarriedout.你有责任了解及遵守这些说明，如果你不了解时，就问，如果你的上司未对你说明时，也问，如果你有身体上的限制时，应告诉你的工作负责人。Youshouldhavetheresponsibilityofunderstandingandabidingbytheseexplanations.Youshouldaskeitherwhenyoudon’understandoryourseniordoesnttellyou.IfyouhaveRestrictionsonyourbody,youshouldtellyourworkprincipal.4.2Distraction工作时分心是极危险的有私人问题经常困扰着你的工作负责人指派工作前作考虑Distractionduringworkisverydangerous.Ifprivateproblemsoftentroubleyou,youshouldtellyouworkprincipalforconvenienceofconsideringbeforeassigningthework.4.3Meeting安全监察人员将召集所属人员定期开会，以讲解安全预防措施，使之深入你的脑海，你应参加此项会议，提出你的经验，不了解时就要发问。Thesafetysupervisorsshouldcallintheaffiliatedpersonstoholdmeetingsregularlytoexplainsafetyprecautionssothatyoucanunderstandtheseprecautionsdeeply.Youshouldtakepartinsuchameeting,raiseyourexperiencesandputaquestionifyoudon’tunderstand.4.4Workneatness保持工作场所整洁成安全工作习惯的第一步包括下列各项Keepingplacesneatisthefirststeptoculturesafeworkinghabits.Itmainlyincludesfollowingitems:工具与施材料的妥善放置。placetoolsandconstructionmaterials.废弃物及圾放置在规定的容器。wastesandgarbageinregulatedcontainers.材料的安储存。Safestorageofmaterials.烟蒂放入灰缸。Placestumpsintoanashtray.小物件放盒或箱内。Placesmallpiecesintoaboxortank.地面上无具、木头、金属废料freeoftools,woods,metalwastes.进出路未塞。Noblockingofentranceandexitroads.工作台上放置工作时所需的工与物品。Onlyplacetoolsandsubstancesneededduringworkontheworkingtable.物料妥善放，使火源无法滋生storematerialstopreventfiresources.4.5Inspection在使用每件工具或设备前，你有责任作快速目视检查，有缺陷的器具应立即加以标示。并通知安全监察人员Youhavetheresponsibilitiesofmakingrapidvisualinspectionbeforeusingeachtoolorequipment.Applianceswithdefectsshouldbemarkedimmediatelyandthesafetysupervisorsshouldbenotified.在每日轮班开始时，对你的工作场所作快速的检查，以确定状态良—工作许可，焊接许可，支撑的状况，进出路，电力设备是否被移动掘地面是否有围护栏在同一地点施工的其他单位的工作状况工作的工人何其他变动情况Youshouldmakearapidinspectiononyourworkingplacesbeforeshiftsbegineverydaytodeterminethattheyareingoodconditions-workpermit,weldingpermit,situationsofsupports,andentranceandexitpassages,whetherelectricpowerequipmentsaremoved,whetherguardrailsareprovidedforgroundsnewlydug,workingsituationsofotherorganizationsconstructingatthesameplace

simultaneously,workersoverheadworkingoranyotherchangesituations.5.0

个人防用品Personalprotectionappliances5.1——Head-safety在工作期，应戴经批准的且状良好的安全帽。working,anapprovedsafetyhelmetwithgoodconditionsshouldbeputon.建议不使金属安全帽，而且在达控制室、变电所接近高架线位置，不得戴金属安全帽，得变动帽上的零件Itissuggestedthatnometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeused,nometalsafetyhelmetshouldbeputoninthemotorcontrolroom,transformerstationandnearoverheadpowerlines,andpartsonthesafetyhelmetshouldnotbechanged.5.2Eyesandears眼部保护Protectionofeyes具有侧面防护的工业用安全眼镜—凡在工厂内工作的所有时间及钻孔削筑混凝土水泥、铁器互相敲击等工作时均应使用。Industrialglasseswithsideprotection–itshouldbeusedduringalltimewhenworkingtheplantsaswellasduringdrilling,cutting,pouringconcretes,nailingiron(cement)nails,knockingironapplianceswitheachother.切割用护目镜Gogglesforcutting在气焊及切割时使用。Itisusedduringgasweldingandcutting.最低3号密度的滤光镜atleastfilterlenswith3#density滤光镜片两面各有一片塑胶罩片。surfaceofthefilterlensisprovidedwithoneplasticcoversheet.全罩护目镜在大多数动力切削及处理腐蚀性液体时使用coveredgollglesareusedduringmostsofpoweredcuttingandsawing,overheaddrillingandtreatingcorrosiveliquids.全面型护面罩Fullfacetypefaceshield打磨及处理熔融材料（铅、沥青）时。Itisusedduringgrindingandtreatingmoltenmaterials(Pd,asphalt).可用于代替全罩护目镜Itcanbeusedforreplacingfullycoveredgollgles.预防措施Precautions手不要触及眼。Thehandshouldnottoucheyes.要知道洗眼睛站的位置疑有外物进入眼睛时洗自己试着清除眼中的外物Youshouldknowpositionoftheeyewashingstation.Ifyoudoubtthatforeignsubstancesenteryoureyes,youshouldwasheyeswithwaterandshouldnottrytoremoveforeignsubstancesinyoureyesbyyourself.耳朵Ears某些工作场所或使用某些工具设备时，需要使用耳塞。Earplugsshouldbeadoptedinsomeworkingplacesorwhensometoolsandequipmentsareused.5.3Faceandneck在下列情下需戴面罩：Ashieldshouldbeadoptedunderfollowingsituations:在沥青锅旁工作时Worknearanasphaltmeltingfurnace.熔化铅及处理酸时。MeltPdandtreatacids.在进行某些打磨工作时。Implementsomegrindingoperations.使用可造成固体物质向外抛出的电锯时。Useanelectricsawwhichwillcausethrowingofsolidsubstances.焊接可产生电弧灼伤，面部及颈部应做适当保护。Properprotectionsshouldbemadeonfaceandneckwhenweldingmightgenerateelectricarcburn.宽的领带及破旧的衬衫得在机器周围穿着andloosenecktiesandbrokenshirktsshouldnotbeputonatsurroundsofamachine.5.4handsandwrists手套——应在大多数的工作场戴适合的套。properglovesshouldbeputonatmostofworkingplaces.塑胶或橡胶涂层手套，用于特殊工作（如溶剂、处理化学物质）经绝缘测试的橡胶手套，用于所有的电路工作及可能接触到带电电路的场所，如锤击混凝土、钻孔及挖掘，使用前务必作目视检查，是否有破损，工作中随时要检查并作正确贮存Visualshouldbemadeonplasticorrubbercoatingglovesandrubberglovesafterinsulationtestforspecialoperations(forexample,solvents,treatingchemicalsubstances)tocheckwhethertheyaredamagedwhentheseglovesareusedforallcircuitoperationsandusedattheplaceswhereelectrifiedcircuitsmightbecontacted,forexample,hammeringconcretes,drillinganddigging.Inspectionsshouldbecarriedoutatanymomentduringoperationandtheglovesshouldbecorrectlystored.工具夹Toolclamps打桩、打楔子等类似的工作，要用工具夹把持工件以免打到手。Toolclampsbeusedforholdingworkingpiecestoavoidstrikehandsduringpilingandwedging.拉绳Pullrope拉绳是用于控制吊物，并使工人避开所有吊装物—手不要碰到吊物。Pullropesareforcontrollingsuspendingsubstancesandkeepingworkersfromallhoistingsubstances–handsshouldnottouchsuspendingsubstances.不可将拉绳缠绕在你的手上或身体上。Youshouldnotwindpullropesonyourandsorbody.限制Restrictions使用电动工具时材料要固牢能依赖你的力量来抵制机器的动力Materialsshouldbefirmwhenelectrictoolsareusedandyoushouldnotdependonyourforcetoresistpowerofmachines.使用电动工具时，应将戒指及其他珠宝、饰物取下。shouldputoffyourfingerringsaswellasotherjewelriesandaccoutermentswhenusingelectrictools.

使用手套操作工具及机器时心的考虑否有被卷入的危险glovesareusedforoperatingtoolsandmachines,youshouldmadecarefulconsiderationstoconfirmwhetherthegloveshavetheriskofbeingrolledin.5.5Back在抬起重时是使用腿力而非背肌保持背部挺Youshoulduselegforcetoliftaheavyarticlebutnotthebackmusclesandyoushouldkeepbackvertical.所抬物品能超过你的能力范围，虑物品的大小、形、重量，必要时请教你的施工负责人员Thearticleliftedbyyoushouldnotbeyondyourcapability.Youshouldconsidersize,shapeandweightofthearticleandshouldconsultwithyourconstructionprincipalifnecessary.5.6Abdomen在使用径手锯、台锯及类似的动机器锯材料时，穿防止反围裙。Anforpreventingreboundingshouldbeputonwhenyouusearadialhandsaw,abenchsaworasimilarelectricmachinesaw.5.7Leg,thigh,knee,shankandankle通则General工作裤或裤子必须没有宽松的、撕破的或拖地的织物，裤脚应没有上摺部分。Workingtrousersortrousersshouldnothaveloose,brokenordraggletextilesandthetrouserlegsshouldnothaveupwardrumplingportion.尖锐工具不能置在口袋内，应使用挂在皮带上的帆布或皮革工具套。“所有的尖端向”。Sharptoolsshouldnotbeplacedinbagsandcanvasorleathertoolbagswhichcanbehangonbeltshouldbeadopted.“Allsharpendsdown”.特殊方法Specialmethods在使用诸如链锯、刷钩或可能有蛇咬的地方时，要考虑胫部的保护如穿皮套裤、绑腿、鞋套等装具。Protectionofshankshouldbeconsideredattheplacewhereachainsaworabrushhookisusedorpersonsmightbebeatbyasnake,forexample,puttingonleathersheathtrousers,legwrappingsandshoecovers.在踏上材料可能有移动的地方时，要考虑到稳定性，扎住腿或脚。Stabilityshouldbeconsideredattheplacewherethesettingmaterialsmightbemovedandlegsoffeetshouldbebound.5.8Feetand随时穿着过批准的安全鞋。safetyshoesshouldbeputonatanymoment.上部带钢保护的鞋可对脚的上提供进一层的保护特别是在厂内工作或处理重材料Shoeswhoseupperportionisprovidedwithsteelplateprotectioncanprovidefurtherprotectionforupperportionoffeet,especiallyworkinginplantsortreatingheavymaterials.在有化学害的状况下工作时，穿着能对脚趾作安保护的橡靴。Rubbershoeswhichcanprovidesafeprotectionsfortoesshouldbeputonwhenyouworkundersituationswithchemicaldamages.在使用手夯土机及类似装备时应穿着护脚的装备。Equipmentsprotectingfeetshouldbeputonwhenyouuseahandhammer,arammercompactorandsimilarequipments.5.9Protectionofbreathsystem在某些工厂地区内及在进行某些种类的工作时使用适当的呼吸器些要求及正确的呼吸器使用将会向你说明。Properbreathersbeadoptedwhenyouareinsomeplantareasorimplementsometypesofwork.Youwillbetoldtheserequirementsandcorrectuseofbreathers.当暴露在如木焦油或其他刺激物质等化学药品时需使用护软膏。Skinprotectingointmentsshouldbeusedwhenyouareexposedinchemicalsubstancessuchaswoodtarorotherirritantsubstances.灼伤——保护你的皮肤，以防光、电焊及其他热源的伤害。Burn–protectyourskinfromdamagesofsunshine,electricweldingarcsandotherheatsources,6.0

工具Tools6.1手工Handtools每种工具设计用于某种工作，能依据工具的用途用，每一工具均需加以维。toolisdesignedforonekindofworkanditshouldbeusedonlyaccordingtopurposeofthetool.Eachtoolshouldbemaintained.使你的手具保持最佳状态—保持锐利、清洁润滑无磨损及不用Thehandtoolsshouldbekeptinthebestconditions-keepsharp,clean,lubrication,freeofabrasionandfreeofabuse.磨损的工是危险的，例如，管板牙磨损成光滑时会滑脱，果活动扳手的颚夹，扭曲也会脱，而钉锤与把手间松动，头也会飞。Worntoolsaredangerous.Forexample,threadchasersofpipetongswillslipwhentheyareworn.Amonkeywrenchwillalsoslipifjawclipofthewrenchistwisted.Thehammerheadwillflyapartifthepartbetweenthehammerandthehandleisloose.对于受冲后，变形成洋菇状的具（如铁錾的打击）应随时把它磨掉以避免击时成碎片飞击伤人。建议工具夹来防止。Fortools(i.e.,beatingpointofanironchisel)whichwillbecomecultivatedmushroomshapeafterbeingimpacted,itshouldbegrindedatanymomenttoavoiddamageofpersonsduringbeating.使用工具不可超过其负载量。oftoolsshouldbeexceededduringuse.

不可以工当撬棒使用。shouldnotbeusedascrowbars.6.2手式动具Portableelectrictools限制Restrictions除非完全熟悉，否则不可操作（有些工作在开始工作前需获得许可。参阅后文工作许可证Youshouldnotoperatethesetoolsexceptthatyouarecompletelyfamiliarwiththem(permitsshouldbeobtainedforsomeworkbeforebeginning,pleaserefertothefollowingpartWorkpermit”).主要危害Maindamages扭矩圆周或旋转运动的工具电钻动钻等产生强大扭力防备其被工作件咬住”的危险Torsionalmoment:toolsmakingcircleorrotationmotionsincludingelectricdrills,pneumaticdrillsandsawswillgeneratestrongtwistingforceanddangerswhenthetoolsaregrippedbyworkingpiecesshouldbeprevented.要站稳身体，以双手依照指示操作，并应有关掉电源开关或扳机的准备（应使设备的开关不锁“运行”）注意转动设备“行”或“空转”扭矩可能带来的危害。shouldstandstablyandoperatesinbothhandsaccordingtoinstructions,andyoualsoshouldhavepreparationsforshuttingoffpowerswitchortrigger(youshouldmakethatswitchoftheequipmentwillnotbelockedon“Run”).Attentionsshouldbepaidtodamageswhichmightbecausedbytorsionalmomentsofsliding”or“idlerunning”ofrotatingequipments.飞出的物体：几乎任何动力工具的操作都会发生这种情况，因此必须：Flyingobjects:operationsofalmostallpowertoolswillgeneratesuchasituation,soyoumust:警告周围的人warnsurroundingpersons.使用适当的保护眼睛的装备。properequipmentsforprotectingeyes.接触转动中的机件身体绝不可接触到转动机件电源切断不可接触动力机钻钻头machinecomponentsinrotation:yourbodyshouldnevercontactrotatingcomponentsexceptthatpowersupplyisdisconnected.Youshouldnevercontactwithpowercomponents(forexample,drills,chuckplates,knivesanddrillpits).对于其他人：要让你附近的人了解，并警告他们，工具转动期间不要让他们在四周走动，也许还有人在你的后面。Forothers:youshouldletadjacentpersonsunderstandandwarnthemthattheyshouldnotwalkaroundthetoolsduringrotationofthetools.Somepersonsmaybebehindyou.工具状况：在使用前检查每一电动工具，看看有没有损坏的零件、松动的配件、磨损或割破的电线，对有缺陷的工具应加挂标签维修oftools:eachelectrictoolshouldbecheckedbeforeusetocheckwhethertheyhavedamagedparts,loosefittings,wornorbrokenwires.Toolswithdefectsshouldbemarkedwithalabelandbesentforrepair.动力源：在调整工具前，应先关闭电源，断开前，先排尽空气source:powersupplyshouldbeshutoffbeforetoolsareadjustedandairshouldbeexhaustedbeforepowerdown.保护Protection所有设备在使用前应安装适当的防护罩或挡板得使用没有防护罩的不适当设备准使用自制的扳手或延伸器。Properprotectivecoversorblockingplatesshouldbeinstalledforallequipmentsbeforeuse.Improperequipmentswithoutprotectivecovershouldnotbeused.Wrenchedorstretchersselfmadeshouldnotbeadopted.6.3电工——工厂Electrictools–factorytype某些电动器仅能由经过适当培后经授权的操作员操作器上贴有操作员名字一份基本操作守则Someelectrictoolscanbeoperatedonlybyauthorizedoperatorsafterpropertraining.Nameoftheoperatorandonebasicoperationrulearepastedonthemachine.调整、保及修理Adjustment,maintenanceandrepair关掉机器并采取必要的行动意外启动整的上锁加标签程序或仅拔掉电线插上锁加标签程序downmachinesandtakenecessaryactionstopreventaccidentalstartup.Mayusecompletelockinglabelingprocedureoronlyplugoffwireplug(pleaserefertothelockinglabelingprocedure)取下在保养时所使用的曲柄、钥匙或扳手，在起动前放好所有护板护罩。Takedowncrankhandle,keyorwrenchusedinmaintenanceandplacewellallprotectiveplatesandcoversbeforestartup.确认所更换的零件符合正确的规格，如砂轮机的转速必须合乎机器的最大运转速度，切木机的刀片，必须正确的对准轴心等等。Confirmthatthepartsforreplacementcomplywithcorrectspecifications.Forexample,rotationspeedofgrindingmachinesmustmeetmaximumoperationspeedofmachinesandbladesofwoodcuttingmachinesmustcorrectlyalignaxiscenter.操作经验Operationexperiences宽松的衣服珠宝作机器时穿戴扣好或向上卷好shouldnotwearlooseclothes,gloves,fingerringsandotherjewelrieswhenoperatingmachines.Gussetsmustbebuckledwellorrolledupwards.手指不可触及转动中的部件物时要确认关闭机器停止及没有滑行刷子清除杂物shouldnottouchpartsinrotation.Itshouldbeconfirmedthatmachinesarepowereddownduringremovalofwastessothatmachinesarestoppedanddon’thaveslipping.Impuritiesshouldberemovedbyusingabrush.最少在每天起动前做检查，看看有没有松动或损坏的机件、充分的照明、润滑，并安置机台附近可能由于震动而带来麻烦的工具或材料。Inspectionsbecarriedoutatleastbeforestartupeverydaytocheckwhethertherearelooseordamagedcomponents,sufficientilluminationandlubricationandtodisposetoolsormaterialsnearthemachinetablewhichmightcausetroublesduetovibration.可能时，使用夹子或老虎钳固定工作件。Ifaclamporpliersisusedforfixingworkingpieces.许多机器都有安全连锁装置其发挥作用可旁BYPASS锁装置Manymachineshavesafetyinterlockdevicesandyoushouldensurethatthedevicescanfunctionnormally.Bypassoftheinterlockdevicesisneverpermitted.有些机器使用空气及电力，在修理或调整可动性零件时，空气与电力二者均应关闭，要注意勿使空气留在系统内—要释放出空气再工作。Airandpowerareusedforsomemachinesandbothairandpowershouldbeclosedduringrepairofmaintenanceofmovableparts.Attentionsshouldbepaidtothatairshouldnotbeleftinthesystem-operationsshouldbecarriedoutonlyafterairisexhausted.火灾随时会在我们身旁发生，油及高温碎片增加了潜在的危险性楚灭火器的位置持机器区域清洁阅“火”一节。Afiremightoccurnearusatanymomentandoil,brokenclothandhightemperaturefragmentsincreasepotentialdangers.You

shouldunderstandpositionoffireextinguishersandkeepnetmachineareas.Pleaserefertothesection“fireprotection.清楚邻近区域的其他工人的工作区域及障碍物。6.4各起工Varioustools吊钩、卡、工字梁固定夹及索。hook,snapring,Ibeamfixingclampandhitch一吊钩只能挂一挂环2或多个挂环用卡环Oneliftinghookshouldonlybehangedwithonesuspensionhook.Iftwoormoresuspensionhooksshouldbehanged,itispreferablytouseasnapring.所有吊钩必须具有一安全挡板（以震动来脱钩的挂钩例外Allliftinghooksshouldbeprovidedwithasafetyblockingplate(exceptthepothookdisconnectingwithvibration)始终将吊物置于吊钩的中心——不可置于钩端。Theobjecttobeliftedshouldalwaysbeplacedatcenteroftheliftinghook-itshouldneverbeplacedathookend.在未确切知道建筑结构是否可以承受所吊的重物前，绝不可将吊索挂在任何结构的构件上。Theslingshouldneverbehangedoncomponentsofanystructuresbeforeyouclearlyknow