2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷3

考研外语专家预测过关卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、The(1)_____ofthefluorescenttube(2)_____amajorrevolutioninthedevelopmentofbetterandcheaperlighting.FirstshownattheNewYorkandSanFranciscoWorld(3)_____in1939,thismoreefficient,morediffuse,longer-livedlamphasbeen(4)_____improved,sothatslowlyit(5)_____thesupremacyoftheincandescenthouseholdglobe.Thefluorescenttube(6)_____Australianhomes,shopsandfactoriestodayissevenoreighttimes(7)_____thetubesthatbroughtshadow-freelightingtomanyofBritain'swartimefactories.Its(8)_____too,ismuchgreater—from2,000hoursin1940tomc/rethan7,500hourstoday.

But(9)_____its(10)_____useformorethan30years,thefluorescenttuberemainsa

(11)_____tomanyofitsusers.Itisbuilt(12)_____acompletelydifferent(13)_____fromtheincandescentlight.Intheincandescentbulb,atungstenwire(14)_____thanahumanhair,isbroughttowhite-hottemperaturebypassinganelectric(15)_____throughit.Inthefluorescenttubeastreamofelectronsbombardsagascontainingmercury,(16)_____invisibleultravioletradiation.Theultravioletrayshitthefluorescentcoatingthat(17)_____thetube,(18)_____ittogrow.A40wattfluorescenttubegivestwiceasmuchlightasa100.watttungstenglobe,(19)_____aboutfivetimesaslong,andrunscoolenoughto(20)_____higherlevelsoflight.

A.discovery

B.invention

C.convention

D.creation

2、(2)

A.broughtin

B.broughtfor

C.broughtabout

D.broughtaround

3、(3)

A.Markets

B.Affairs

C.Centers

D.Fairs

4、(4)

A.constantly

B.consistently

C.permanently

D.instantly

5、(5)

A.changes

B.gains

C.challenges

D.lunges

6、(6)

A.lighting

B.lighted

C.lit

D.lightening

7、(7)

A.moreefficientas

B.soefficientthan

C.soefficientas

D.asefficientas

8、(8)

A.lifeline

B.lifework

C.lifespan

D.lifeguard

9、(9)

A.despite

B.besides

C.except

D.owingto

10、(10)

A.long

B.extensive

C.exquisite

D.extreme

11、(11)

A.myth

B.legend

C.secret

D.mystery

12、(12)

A.on

B.by

C.with

D.from

13、(13)

A.basis

B.principle

C.idea

D.thesis

14、(14)

A.nicer

B.thinner

C.finer

D.better

15、(15)

A.current

B.stream

C.flow

D.flight

16、(16)

A.leadingto

B.resultingfrom

C.resultingin

D.bringingin

17、(17)

A.lines

B.darkens

C.protects

D.brightens

18、(18)

A.making

B.makes

C.causes

D.causing

19、(19)

A.survives

B.remains

C.lasts

D.continues

20、(20)

A.allow

B.permit

C.reject

D.absorb

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thewordconservationhasathrifty(节俭)meaning.Toconserveistosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.Ourforefathershadnoideathehumanpopulationwouldincreasefasterthanthesuppliesofrawmaterials;mostofthem,evenuntilveryrecently,hadthefoolishideathatthetreasureswere"limitless"and"inexhaustible".Mostofthecitizensofearliergenerationsknewlittleornothingaboutthecomplicatedanddelicatesystemthatrunsallthroughnature,andwhichmeansthat,asinalivingbody,anunhealthyconditionofonepartwillsoonerorlaterbeharmfultoalltheothers.

Fiftyyearsagonaturestudywasnotpartoftheschoolwork;scientificforestrywasanewidea;timberwasstillcheapbecauseitcouldbeboughtinanyquantityfromdistantwoodlands;soildestructionandriverfloodswerenotnationalproblemsandnobodyhadyetstudiedlong-termclimaticcyclesinrelationtoproperlanduse;eventheword"conservation"hadnothingofthemeaningthatithasforustoday.

Forthesakeofourselvesandthosewhowillcomeafterus,wemustnowsetaboutrepairingthemistakesofourforefathers.Conservation'should,therefore,bemadeapartofeveryone'sdailylife.Toknowaboutthewatertableinthegroundisjustasimportanttousasaknowledgeofthebasicarithmeticformulas.Weneedtoknowwhyallwatershedsneedtheprotectionofplantlifeandwhytherunningcurrentofstreamsandriversmustbemadetoyieldtheirfullbenefittothesoilbeforetheyfinallyescapetothesea.Weneedtobetaughtthedutyofplantingtreesaswellasofcuttingthem.Weneedtoknowtheimportanceofbig,maturetrees,becauselivingspaceformostofman'sfellowcreaturesonthisplanetisfigurednotonlyinsquaremeasureofsurfacebutalsoincubicvolumeabovetheearth.Inbrief,itshouldbeourgoaltorestoreasmuchoftheoriginalbeautyofnatureaswecan.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecurrentsituationintheexploitationofnaturalresourcesis______

A.positive

B.neutral

C.suspicious

D.critical

2、

Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatestmistakeofourforefatherswasthat______

A.theyhadnoideaaboutscientificforestry

B.theyhadlittleornosenseofenvironmentalprotection

C.theywerenotawareofthesignificanceofnaturestudy

D.theyhadnoideaofhowtomakegooduseofrawmaterials

3、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatearliergenerationsdidn'trealize______

A.theinterdependenceofwater,soilsandlivingthings

B.theimportanceoftheproperlanduse

C.theharmfulnessofsoildestructionandriverfloods

D.theextraordinaryrapidgrowthofpopulation

4、

Withaviewtocorrectingthemistakesofourforefathers,theauthorsuggeststhat______

A.weplantmoretrees

B.webetaughtenvironmentalscience,aswellasthescienceofplants

C.environmentaleducationbedirectedtowardeveryone

D.wereturntonature

5、

Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"livingspace..,isfigured..,alsoincubicvolume______abovetheearth"(inpara3)?

A.Ourlivingspaceontheearthisgettingsmallerandsmaller

B.Ourlivingspaceshouldbemeasuredincubicvolume

C.Weneedtotakesomemeasurestoprotectspace

D.Wemustcreatebetterlivingconditionsforbothbirdsandanimals

6、Trafficstatisticspaintagloomypicture.Tohelpsolvetheirtrafficwoes,somerapidlygrowingU.S.citieshavesimplybuiltmoreroads.Buttrafficexpertssaybuildingmoreroadsisaquirk-fixsolutionthatwillnotalleviatethetrafficprobleminthelongrun.Soaringlandcosts,increasingconcernoversocialandenvironmentaldisruptionscausedbyroad-building,andthelikelihoodthatmoreroadscanonlyleadtomorecarsandtrafficarepowerfulfactorsbearingdoyoua1950s-style.constructionprogram.

Thegoalofsmart-highwaytechnologyistomaketrafficsystemsworkatoptimumefficiencyby,treatingtheroadandthevehiclestravelingonthemasanintegraltransportationsystem.Proponentsofthisadvancedtechnologysayelectronicdetectionsystems,closed-circuittelevision,radiocommunication,rampmetering,variablemessagesigning,andothersmart-highwaytechnologycannowbeusedatareasonablecosttoimprovecommunicationbetweendriversandthepeoplewhomonitortraffic.

Pathfinder,aSantaMonica,California-basedsmart-highwayprojectinwhicha14-milestretchoftheSantaMonicaFreeway,makingupwhatiscalleda"smartcorridor",isbeinginstrumentedwithburiedloopsinthepavement.Closed-circuittelevisioncamerassurveytheflowoftraffic,whilecommunicationslinkedtoproperlyequippedautomobilesadvisemotoristsoftheleastcongestedroutesordetours.

Notalltrafficexperts,lhowever,looktosmart-highwaytechnologyastheultimatesolutiontotrafficgridlock.Somesaythehigh-techapproachislimitedandcanonlyoffertemporarysolutionstoaseriousproblem.

"Electronicsonthehighwayaddressesjustoneaspectoftheproblem:howtoregulatetrafficmoreefficiently,"explainsMichaelRenner,seniorresearcherattheWorldwatchInstitute."Itdoesn'tdealwiththecentralproblemoftoomanycarsforroadsthatcan'tbebuiltfastenough.Itsendspeoplethewrongmessage.Theystartthinking.Yes,thereusedtobeatrafficcongestionproblem,butthat'sbeensolvednowbecausewehaveanadvancedhigh-techsysteminplace.Larsonagreesandadds,Smarthighwaysisjustoneofthetoolsthatwewillusetodealwithourtrafficproblems.It'snotthesolutionitself,justpartofthepackage.Therearedifferentstrategies."

Othertrafficproblem-solvingoptionsbeingstudiedandexperimentedwithincludecarpooling,rapidmass-transitsystems,staggeredorflexibleworkhours,androadpricing,asystemwherebymotoristspayacertainamountforthetimetheyuseahighway.

Itseemsthatweneedanew,majorthrusttodealwiththetrafficproblemsofthenext20years.Therehastobeabigchange.

Whatistheappropriatetitleforthepassage?______

A.SmartHighwayProjects—TheUltimateSolutiontoTrafficCongestion

B.AQuickFixSolutionfortheTrafficProblems

C.AVenturetoRemedyTrafficWoes

D.HighwaysGetSmart—PartofthePackagetoRelieveTrafficGridlock

7、

Thecompoundword"quick-fix"inParagraph1,Sentence3istheclosestinmeaningto______

A.anoptimalsolution

B.anexpedientsolution

C.areadysolution

D.anefficientsolution

8、

Accordingtothepassage,thesmarthighwaytechnologyisaimedto______

A.deploysophisticatedfacilitiesontheinterstatehighways

B.providepassengervehicleswithavarietyofservices

C.optimizethehighwaycapabilities

D.improvecommunicationbetweendriverandthetrafficmonitors

9、

AccordingtoLarson,toredressthetrafficproblem______

A.carpoolingmustbestudied

B.rapidmass-transitsystemsmustbeintroduced

C.flexibleworkhours,mustbeexperimented

D.overallstrategiesmustbecoordinated

10、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthewholepassage?______

A．Twocontrastingviewsofaproblemarepresented

B．Aproblemisexaminedandcomplementarysolutionsareproposedoroffered

C．Latestdevelopmentsareoutlinedinorderofimportance

D．Aninnovationisexplainedwithitsimportanceemphasized

11、Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become"better"people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon'tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon'tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother'sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat'sac6ndemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesn'texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We'vebeen,toldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan'tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-oldseither.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn'tmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit'sjusttheotherwayaround',andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresytothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

Whatdoestheauthorbelieveaccordingtothepassage?______

A.Peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.Peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.Allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege

D.Veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

12、

Inthesecondparagraph,"thosewhodon'tfitthepattern"refersto______

A.highschoolgraduateswhoaren'tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren'tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

13、

Whydoesthedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemtogoup?______

A.Youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.Manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.Youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.Youngpeopledon'tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

14、

Accordingtothepassage,theproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat______

A．societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B．highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C．toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D．collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

15、

Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat______

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoograduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessfu

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-leaningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon'tgotocollege

16、Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreesofhealthandwealthandtheothercomfortsof'life,onebecomeshappy,theotherbecomesmiserable.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,personsandevents,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.

Thepeoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconveniencesofthings,thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewell-prepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewines,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthecontrarythings.Therefore,theyarecontinually,discontented.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasuresofsociety,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandbedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginallybyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohave~itareconvincedofitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.

Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousconsequencesinlife,sinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers,nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect,andscarcelythat.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatobtainingsomeadvantageinrankorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestirasteporspeakawordoffavourfortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicdisapproval,noonewillchangethisbadhabitandcondescendtobepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.

Peoplewhoareunhappy______

A.alwaysconsiderthingsdifferentlyfromothers

B.usuallyareinfluencedbytheresultsofcertainthings

C.candiscovertheunpleasantpartofcertainthings

D.usuallyhaveafault-findinghabit

17、

Thephrase"sourthepleasuresofsociety"(Para.2)mostnearlymeans______

A.haveagoodtastetothepleasuresofsociety

B.aren'tcontentwiththepleasuresofsociety

C.feelhappywiththepleasuresofsociety

D.enjoythepleasureofsociety

18、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?______

A.Weshouldpityallsuchunhappypeople

B.Suchunhappypeoplearecriticalabouteverything

C.Ifsuchunhappypeoplerecognizethebadeffectsofthehabitonthemselvestheymaygetridofit

D.Suchunhappypeoplearealsonotcontentwiththemselves

19、

scarcelythat(Para.3)means______

A.justlikethat

B.almostnotlikethat

C.morethanthat

D.notatalllikethat

20、

Ifsuchunhappypersonsdon'tchangetheirbadbehaviour,whatshouldpeopledoaccordingtotheauthor?______

A.Peopleshouldavoidcontactwiththem

B.Peopleshouldcriticizetheirmisconduct

C.Peopleshouldhelpthemrecognizethebadeffectsofthehabit

D.Peopleshouldshownorespectandpolitenesstothem

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable,whetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshoptofindshelterfromasuddenshower.Whateverthereason,youcansoonbecometotallyunawareofyoursurroundings.Thedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketisirresistible,althoughthismethodofselectionoughtnottobefollowed,asyoumightendupwitharatherdullbook.(41)______.

(42)______.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart'scontent.Ifiiisagoodshop,noassistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:"CanIhelpyou,sir?"Youneedn'tbuyanythingyoudon'twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Then,andonlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.(43)______.

Youhavetobecarefulnottobeattractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoentertheshoplookingforabookon,say,ancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopyofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing—somethingwhichhadoilyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.(44)______.Thissortofthingcanbeverydangerous.Apartfromrunningupahugeaccount,youcanwasteagreatdealoftimewanderingfromsectiontosection.Booksellersmustbebothlong-sufferingandindulgent.

(45)______.Amedicalstudenthadtoreadatext-bookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimtobuy.Hecouldn'tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwasinhisbookshop.Everyafternoon,therefore,hewouldgoalongtotheshopandreadalittleofthebookatatime.Oneday,however,hewasdismayedtofindthebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandwasabouttoleavewhenhenoticedtheowneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobetoldoff,hewenttowardshim.Tohissurprise,theownerpointedtothebook,whichwastuckedawayhiddeninacorner."Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit."hesaid,andleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehisreading.

A.Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.

B.Theowneroftheshopdidn'tcaremuchaboutthesellingofthebook,buthopedthatthe

studentcouldfinishhisreading.

C.Ofcourse,youmaywanttofindoutwhereaparticularsectionis,butwhenhehasledyouthere,theassistantshouldretirediscreetlyandlookasifheisnotinterestedinsellingasinglebook.

D.Thereisastorywhichillustratesthis.

E.Yousoonbecomeengrossedinsomebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuchlaterthatyourealizeyouhavespentfartoomuchtimethereandmustdashofftokeepsomeforgottenappointment—withoutbuyingabook,ofcourse.

F.Youmayfindmuchdifferencebetweenabookshopandadepartmentstore.Abookshopisquietandtheassistantneverdisturbsyouwhenyoupickupabookandbegintobrowseit,whileinadepartmentstore,theassistantneverhesitatestocometointroduceloudlytheproductsyoushowinterest.

G.Thisvolumeonthesubject,however,happenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetextyoureadprovedsointeresting,thatyoujusthadtobuyit.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.(46)Actually,itisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrig