2023年考研外语专家预测过关卷12

考研外语专家预测过关卷12

一、UseofEnglish

1、CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootball,baseball,basketballandhockeyprograms,and【1】millionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions【2】aswell,intelevisionrevenues,sponsorships.Theyalsobenefit【3】fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities【4】eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularly【5】crowdsofover20,000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV【6】onaparwithanyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates,【7】perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan【8】one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichigan,UCLA,DukeandStanford—【9】infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences.

Theathletesthemselvesare【10】andprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify【11】teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto【12】thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout【13】coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.,onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes【14】.Topcollegefootballprograms【15】scholarshipsto20or30playerseachyear,andthosestudent-athletes,whentheyarrive【16】campus,receivefreehousing,tuition,meals,books,etc.

Inreturn,theplayers【17】theprogramintheirsport.Footballplayersattopcolleges【18】twohoursaday,fourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummer,it’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-August,whencamp【19】andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins【20】.Duringtheseason,practiceslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest.

(1)

A.attribute

B.distribute

C.devote

D.attach

2、(2)

A.out

B.by

C.in

D.back

3、(3)

A.apparently

B.indirectly

C.regularly

D.greatly

4、(4)

A.competefor

B.competein

C.competeagainst

D.competeover

5、(5)

A.draw

B.amuse

C.govern

D.handle

6、(6)

A.spectator

B.spectacle

C.spectrum

D.speculation

7、(7)

A.save

B.including

C.even

D.and

8、(8)

A.flickon

B.flapat

C.flingaway

D.flushout

9、(9)

A.fighting

B.campaigning

C.battling

D.contesting

10、(10)

A.recruited

B.reconciled

C.rectified

D.reserved

11、(11)

A.promising

B.pleasing

C.prominent

D.professional

12、(12)

A.contrive

B.convince

C.convert

D.convict

13、(13)

A.which

B.what

C.how

D.whether

14、(14)

A.ignored

B.neglected

C.remembered

D.noticed

15、(15)

A.offer

B.afford

C.prize

D.reward

16、(16)

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.around

17、(17)

A.committhemselvesto

B.committhemselveson

C.commutethemselvesto

D.complythemselvesto

18、(18)

A.workin

B.workout

C.workover

D.workoff

19、(19)

A.recalls

B.enlists

C.convenes

D.collects

20、(20)

A.inprinciple

B.inconfidence

C.inname

D.inearnest

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Youknowyoushoulddoit,otherpeopledoitallthetime.Maybeyou'vealreadydoneitbutitwasn'tverysatisfying,andyou'dliketolearntodoitbetter.

I'mtalking,ofcourse,abouthavingabusinesslunch.

Don'tfeelembarrassedifyouareuncomfortablewiththeideaofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreast,talkingtoaprospectiveclient.

Mostinexperienced,overeagerlaunchersbelievethemainpurposeofabusinesslunchistoeither(a)conductbusinessor(b)eatlunch,andthey'reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Don'tworry!Businesslunchesaren'tabouteitherbusinessorlunch,

they'reaboutbuildingrelationships.

Oneofmybusinessrulesis"Peopledobusinesswithpeopletheylike."

Often,it'snotproducts,prices,orthecompanythatmakesthesale—it'sthepersonBusinesslunchesaretheperfecttimeforyouandyourclient,supplier,oremployeetogettoknoweachotheraspeople.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsandmakesworkingtogethereasier.

Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusinesslunch—evenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetab—islisten.

Youdon'tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunch,sodon'twaituntilforacertainoccasionorissue.

Don'tmakeitseemlikelunchisgoingtobeasalescall.Instead,trythestraightforwardapproach,"We'vebeendoingbusinesstogetherforalmostayear.I'dliketotakeyoutolunchandgettoknowyoualittlebetter."Oralittlelessstraightforward,"I'mofteninyourarea,howabouthavinglunchsometime?"

Havetheotherpersonsuggestaplacetoeat—"Istherearestaurantyou'vebeenwantingtotry?"Orifyouhavealimitedbudget,youchooseanicemidpricedrestaurant.ForgetMcDonald's.Ifyou'rethankingsomeoneforanimportantorder,takethemtoareallyspecial,possiblynew,restaurant.

Ifyoudidtheinviting,youpickupthetab,evenifyourguestsays,"Icanputthisonmycompany'screditcard."Butdon'thaveascenearguingoverthecheck.Youcanjustsay,"Youcangetthenextone."Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon'tpermitemployeestobetreated;inthatcase,splitthetab.

Abusinesslunchcanbeviewedassuccessfulif______.

A.goodrelationshipisestablished

B.theclientdoesnothavetopay

C.theclientlikesthefoodextremely

D.businessistoucheduponduringthelunch

2、

Accordingtothewriter,onecanoffertoinviteaclientolunch______.

A.whentherearesalestobedone

B.whentheclientfeelshungry

C.atanordinaryweekend

D.ontheclient'sbirthday

3、

Duringabusinesslunchit'simportantto______.

A．makeadealwiththeclient

B．ordernice,expensivefood

C．beagoodlistener

D．inquireaftertheclient'shealth

4、

Thefollowingplacesmightbegoodchoicesforabusinesslunchexcept______.

A．nice,mid-pricedrestaurants

B．fastfoodstores

C．newlyopenedrestaurants

D．arestaurantthattheclientprefers

5、

Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulbusinessmanshouldknow______.

A．howtooffertopayforabusinesslunch

B．whatkindoffoodisnice,yetinexpensive

C．howtomakefriendswithclients

D．whichrestaurantsoffernicefood

6、IntheUSA,85%ofthepopulationovertheageif21approveofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhcihstillhavethedeathpenalty,someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeupto20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.

ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrimeofpassion.Thesecondwashangedformurderswhich,itwaslaterproved,hadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse.

Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurdererswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobbermight,likewise,gobacktobeingunarmed.

Theothertwoargumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaofretributiondemandsthatcriminalsshouldgetwhattheydeserve:ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime,heshouldaccepttheconsequences.Retribution,whichisjustanotherwordforrevenge,issupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.

Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenaltyarelargelyhumanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsforopposingit:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.InBritain,1903wasthetherecordyearforexecutionsandyetin1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.Therewasasimilaroccurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywerecorrect,therateshouldhavefallen.

Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatherofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealiferthantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvisesforgiveness,notrevenge.

AllofthefollowingdeathpenaltymethodsarementionedinthepassageEXCEPT______.

A.theelectricchair

B.thelethalinjection

C.thepoisonousgas

D.theshooting

7、

Accordingtothefirstfourparagraphs,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?

A.RuthElliswasshotbyhislover,whichwasregardedasacrimeofpassion.

B.Thedeathpenaltymayhelpthepotentialmurdererstoarousemoralawareness.

C.Theintentionalmurderershouldeathisownbitterfruit.

D.Accordingtothereligiousdoctrine,punishmentshouldbeassevereastheinjurysuffere.

8、

Inparagraph3,"deterrence"means______.

A.proclamation

B.portes

C.prevention

D.protection

9、

Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.neitherthestatenortheindividualhastherighttotakealife

B.thesatehastherighttotakealifebuttheindividualdoesnot

C.thedeathpenaltyhasnothingtodowithindividualconscienceandbelief

D.thedeterrencefigureshaveaddedupandtheexecutionratehasfallen

10、

Thepassageismainlyabout______.

A．theargumentinfavorofthedeathpenalty

B．theargumentagainstthedeathpenalty

C．theargumentabouttheabolitionofthedeathpenalty

D．theargumentaboutthereintroductionofthedeathpenalty

11、Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemodeminferenticalstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariable,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.

Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsistoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleform.thepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociatedwith?

A.Descriptivestatistics

B.Unknownvariables

C.Qualitativechanges

D.Inferentialstatistics

12、

Whydoestheauthormentionthe"mother"and"father"inthefirstparagraph?

A.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

B.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Tointroduceinferenticalstatistics

13、

Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics?

A．Itleadstoincreasedvariability

B．Itsolvesallnumericalproblems

C．Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata

D．Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables

14、

Whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

A．Totabulatecollectionsofdata

B．Tocomparedifferentgroups

C．Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables

D．Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

15、

Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A．HowtoUseDescriptiveStatistics

B．ApplicationsofInferentialStatistics

C．TheDevelopmentandUseofStatistics

D．TheDrawbacksofDescriptiveandInferentialStatistics

16、Formillionsofyearsbeforetheappearanceoftheelectriclight,shiftwork,allnightcableTVandtheInternet,Earth'screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simplyput,ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbelief,humansdon'tneedlesssleepastheyage.)

Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourspernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveragedin1910.What'sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that'snotnearlyenough.

FindingwaystogetmoreandbetterSleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandsleepingin,bytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders."Beforewedoanythingelse,welookattheirsleep,"Jonessays.

Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns."Mymottois'Sleepdefensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithElaner,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestyle.changes—avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghoursbeforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath—yieldbettersleep.

WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?

A.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhentheygrowolder.

B.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhoursofsleepeverynight.

C.Onaverage,peopleintheU.S.todaysleeplesspernightthantheyusedto.

D.Formostpeople,lessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknightisenough.

17、

Forourbodiestofunctionproperly,weshould______.

A．sleepforatleasteighthourspernight

B．believethatweneedlesssleepasweage

C．adjustouractivitiestothenewinventions

D．beabletopredicttherhythmsofourbiologicalclocks

18、

Accordingtotheauthor,manysleepingdisordersarecausedby______.

A．otherdiseases

B．pre-bedtimeexercises

C．impropersleeppatterns

D．chronicfatiguesyndrome

19、

Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter?

A．Stayinguplate.

B．Takingahotbath.

C．Havinglatemeals.

D．Travelingbetweentimezones.

20、

"Sleepdefensively"meansthat______.

A．peopleshouldgotoadoctorandhavetheirproblemsdiagnosed

B．peopleshouldexerciseimmediatelybeforegoingtobedeverynight

C．peopleshouldsacrificeotherthingstogetenoughsleepifnecessary

D．peopleshouldgiveupgoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday.

21、PartB(10points)

Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!(41)______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning.

Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopes,andpeoplehavebuilthousesthere.

Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrock,buttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup".

(42)______.

Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydo,andwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.(43)______.

Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon'sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon'smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue.

Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon'thappenjustanywhere.(44)______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesare,andmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow.

Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple.

(45)______.

Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse.

[A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflows,rollingslowlydownthemountainside,whereitbecomescoolandhard.

[B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout.

[C]Smokepuffedup,androckstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground.

[D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities.

[E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesup,itusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunder,andthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely.

[F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Far,farunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrock,orlava,issome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout.

[G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily.

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreally