2023年考研外语押题预测卷4

考研外语押题预测卷4

一、UseofEnglish

1、Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently(1)_____qualitativelybutquantitatively—howtheworldworks.Wemight(2)_____auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1,080elementaryparticlesthat(3)_____auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain(4)_____asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems(5)_____thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains(6)_____somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But(7)_____inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch(8)_____thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.

(9)_____forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommonsenseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave(10)_____ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition(11)_____highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass(12)_____indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness(13)_____thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek(14)_____Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein's(15)_____analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot(16)_____thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.

Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson(17)_____humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan'twe(18)_____fasterthanthespeedoflight?But(19)_____wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly(20)_____ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.

A.just

B.very

C.justnot

D.notjust

2、(2)

A.see

B.think

C.imagine

D.believe

3、(3)

A.make

B.makeof

C.makeup

D.makefrom

4、(4)

A.atleast

B.atmost

C.atlast

D.atthecost

5、(5)

A.likely

B.unlikely

C.really

D.unreal

6、(6)

A.want

B.need

C.require

D.acquire

7、(7)

A．unless

B．until

C．if

D．evenif

8、(8)

A.more

B.larger

C.bigger

D.greater

9、(9)

A.Fortunately

B.Unfortunately

C.Happily

D.Unhappily

10、(10)

A.provided

B.prepared

C.armed

D.gotready

11、(11)

A.turnto

B.turnon

C.turnouttobe

D.turnawayfrom

12、(12)

A.decreases

B.increases

C.reduces

D.adds

13、(13)

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.from

14、(14)

A.ortwo

B.andtwo

C.eventwo

D.oftwo

15、(15)

A.clever

B.wise

C.brilliant

D.intelligent

16、(16)

A.of

B.in

C.with

D.at

17、(17)

A.that

B.which

C.matter

D.what

18、(18)

A.go

B.walk

C.travel

D.run

19、(19)

A.if

B.unless

C.sofar

D.sofaras

20、(20)

A.press

B.have

C.make

D.entail

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew,ofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechWriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play"Rossum'sUniversalRobots".(Theword"robot"comesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece"Metropolis"tothewitteringC3POin"StarWars"andtheruthlessassassinof"Terminator".Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,colouringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan'sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhite,articulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony'sQRIOissmallerandmoretolikethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.Itcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheinternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2022,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2022,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument'svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2022.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2022inAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld'srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,machinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2022.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots.

B.KarlCapek'screationofrobots.

C.Hollywood'sproductionofrobotfilms.

D.theoriginandpopularfilmsaboutrobots.

2、

Accordingtothedescriptionoftheauthor,Asimo

A.isintheshapeofahumanbeing.

B.isintheform.ofananimalinsteadofahumanbeing.

C.seemsmorelikeahumanbeingthanarobotinappearance.

D.seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginaction.

3、

Sony'sQRIOcouldcarryoutallthefollowingworkEXCEPT

A.walkingfreelyasitwishes.

B.understandingafewvoicecommands.

C.navigatingautomatically.

D.resumingwalkwhenitfallsover.

4、

FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota'sPartner

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots.

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice.

C.maybeputintomassproduction.

D.mayhavesomepracticalvalue.

5、

Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten

A．in2022.

B．in2022.

C．between2022-2022.

D．between2022-2022.

6、Ifyouarewhatyoueat,thenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylist,thoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louis,theymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocument,postedontheInternet.

Forthepastdecade,BillKeaggy,33,thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatch,hasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.Grocerylists,org.Thecollection,whichnownumbersmorethan500lists,isstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwo-foldcuriosity—aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.Whatwastheshopperwithvodka,lighters,milkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththem?Inwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumed?Wasitaheorashe?Whohadwritten"Tootiefood,kittenchow,birdfoodstick,toasterscrambles,coffeedrinks"?Someshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairy,gotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.Oneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelope,simply,"Milk".

Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife'smostbanalduties,viewedthroughthecuratoriallens,cansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoetic,asinthelistthatreads"meat,cigs,buns,treats".

OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone—fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagels,letalonepotato.Onelistcallsfor"suchi"and"strimp"."Somepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuy,"Keaggysays.Attheendofonelist,theshopperwrote"BudLight"andthen"goodbeer".Anotherscribbled"goodloafofwhitebread".Somepassjudgmentonthemselves,liketheshopperwhowrote"read,stayhomeorgosomewhere,Iactlikemymom,gotoKentucky,underwear,lemon".Peoplesendmessagestooneanother,too.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:"Ifyoubuymorerice,I'llpunchyou."Andplentyofshoppers,liketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelist,revealtheirvices.

Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistaftershopping?

A.Buyingwhatitisscrawledonthepaper.

B.Recordingtheshorthandofwhereweshop.

C.Throwingitintothedustbin.

D.PostingitontheInternet.

7、

BillKeaggycollectsgrocerylistsbecause

A.hewantstopostthemonline.

B.heiscuriousaboutthelistwriters.

C.hetriestofindoutsomethingbehindthem.

D.hedoesitforamusement.

8、

Wasitaheorashe(Paragraph2)maybereplacedby

A.Whodidit.

B.Whowasthepersonwhowroteit.

C.Didheorshewriteit.

D.Wasitwrittenbyamanorawomen.

9、

Throughstudyinggrocerylists,BillKeaggyfindsthat

A.DanQuayleistheonlypersoninmisspelling.

B.fewerpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelscorrectly.

C.misspellingoccursmostfrequentlyinwriting"potato".

D.somepeoplemisspell"sushi"for"suchi",and"shrimp"for"strimp".

10、

Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat

A.icecreamanddietpillshideone'svices.

B.icecreamanddietpillsarenotgoodfood.

C.plentyofshoppersdonotbuytheirrightgrocery.

D.one'sdefectsincharactermaybereflectedonthegrocerylist.

11、WhenIwasachildinSundayschool,Iwouldasksearchingquestionslike"Angelscanflyupinheaven,buthowdocloudsholduppianos?"andgetthesamepuzzlingresponseabouthowthatwasnotimportant,whatwasimportantwasthatJesusdiedforoursinsandifweacceptedhimasoursavior,whenwedied,wewouldgotoheaven,wherewe'dgeteverythingwewanted.Somechildreninmyclasswonderedwhyanyonewouldhangonacrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishandstohelpanyoneelse;IwonderedhowSantaClausknewwhatIwantedforChristmas,eventhoughIneverwrotehimaletter.Maybehehadataperecorderhiddenineverychimneyintheworld.

Thisliteral-mindednesshasstuckwithme;oneresultofitisthatIamunabletobelieveinGod.MostoftheotheratheistsIknowseemtofeelfreedorproudoftheirunbelief,asifthey'vecleverlyrefusedtobesoldsnakeoil.Myhusband,whowasrearedinadevoutCatholicfamilyandservedasanaltarboy,isalsofirmlygroundedonthisearth.Hedoesn'tevenhavethedesiretobelieve.Sootherthanbaptizingoursontoreassureourfamilies,we'veskatedovertheissueoffaith.

Somepeoplebelievefaithisagift;forothers,it'sachoice,amatterofspiritualdiscipline.Ihaveafriendwhowasrearedtobelieve,andhedoes.Buthisfaithhaswavered.Hehasstruggledtohangontoitandtopassitalongtohischildren.Anotherfriendofminenevergoestochurchbecauseshe'sasinglemotherwhodoesn'thavethegasmoney.Butsheoncetoldmeaboutadaywhenshewaswashingorangesasthesunstreamedontothem.Asshepeeledone,thesmellrosetoherface,andshefeltshereceivedtheHolySpirit."Hesankintomybones,"sherecounted."Iliftedmypalmsupward,feelingfilledwithlove."

Beingnotheologian,andnotevenabeliever,Iamnotinapositiontoofferuptheories,butmineisthis:peoplewhoreceivefaithdirectly,asaspontaneouscombustionofthesoul,havefewerquestions.Theyhavebeensparkedwithafaiththatismoreunshakablethanthatofthosewhohavebeentaught.

Fromthefirstparagraphofthepassageweknowthat

A.theauthorwasaSundayschoolboy.

B.theauthorusedtobepuzzledatmanythings.

C.theschooldidn'tteachthechildrenenoughknowledge.

D.taperecorderswerepopularindailylife.

12、

Theword"his"in"acrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishands"(Paragraph1)refersto

A.Jesus'.

B.achild's.

C.anyone's.

D.SantaClaus'.

13、

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A.theauthorbelievesinGod.

B.mostpeopleareatheists.

C.mostAmericanfamiliesbaptizetheirbabies.

D.theauthorhasareligiousfamilybackground.

14、

Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorusestheexampleofthesinglemothertoindicatethatfaith

A．isagift.

B．isachoice.

C．canbeeasilywavered.

D．isaspontaneousimpulse.

15、

Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．TheIssueofFaith.

B．AChild'sFancy.

C．TheBeliefinGod.

D．TheCombustionofSoul.

16、AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation,42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner,81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfat,and51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.

Inmanyways,thisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlains,Dr.MarcieSchneider,thedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospital,andEricaLeon,aregistereddietitian,spokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlehitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowth,andyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.

"Ican'ttellyouhowmanykidsI'veseenwho'vebeenontheAtkinsdiet,orontheSouthBeachdiet,"Ms.Leonsaid,addingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.

Afterthepresentation,threemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.

Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvive,becauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.Bulimia,amentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffood,thenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxatives,isontherise,andissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatients,mostlygirls,saidJudyScheel,thedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.

About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemale,andoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrew,wheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethin,boystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17,buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedays,Dr.Scheelsaid.

OtherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticOrchemicalcomponents,andmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressants,forexample.

Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage."Teachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdiets,"Dr.Scheelsaid."It'slikeaparent,alwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoueathealthilyandexercise,yourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself."

Andinrelativelyhomogenouspopulations,likeinsomeWestchesterschools,competitionrunshigh."Sotheyoungpeopledon'treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityis,"shesaid,"andtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals."

ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociationaremadeamong

A.primaryschoolgirls.

B.secondaryschoolgirls.

C.girlsincollegeanduniversities.

D.Americanfemalesingeneral.

17、

AccordingtoDr.MarcieSchneiderandEricaLeon

A.itistoobadforyoungsterstobeabitfat.

B.itisnecessaryforthechildrentobeabitfat.

C.youngstersshouldstrugglewiththeirbodyimage.

D.overweightchildrenshouldnotdiet.

18、

FromthefifthparagraphwemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimiaare

A.twosimilarmentalillnesses.

B.twodifferentcommonmentalillnesses.

C.bothbadeatinghabits.

D.bothillnessesofeatingdisorders.

19、

WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonofeatingdisorders?

A.Tryingtokeeptheweightlow.

B.Thefiercesocialcompetition.

C.Maintainingamuscularbutthinphysique.

D.Geneticorchemicalcomponents.

20、

Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat

A.educationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoiddieting.

B.teachersneedtostayoutsideclassroomtotalkaboutdiets.

C.eatinghealthilyandexercisehelpbuildingupthebody.

D.itisnotgoodforthestudentstofollowthesamegoal.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

In1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaid$989forayear'ssupplyoffood.In1972thefamilypaid$1,311.Thatwasapriceincreaseofnearlyone-third.Everyfamilyhashadthissortofexperience.Everyoneagreesthatthecostoffeedingafamilyhasrisensharply.Butthereislessagreementwhenreasonsfortherisearebeingdiscussed.Whoisreallyresponsible?Manyblamethefarmerswhoproducethevegetables,fruit,meat,eggs,andcheesethatstoresofferforsale.AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,thefarmer'sshareofthe$1,311spentbythefamilyin1972was$521.Thiswas31percentmorethanthefarmerhadreceivedin1959.

(41)______.Theyparticularlyblamethosewhoprocessthefarmproductsaftertheproductsleavethefarm.Theseincludetruckdrivers,meatpackers,manufacturersofpackagesandotherfoodcontainers,andtheownersofstoreswherefoodissold.

(42)______.

Ofthe$1,311familyfoodbillin1972,middlemenreceived$790,whichwas33percentmorethantheyhadreceivedin1959.Itappearsthatthemiddlemen'sprofithasincreasedmorethanfarmer's.Butsomeeconomistsclaimthatthemiddlemen'sactualprofitwasverylow.AccordingtoeconomistsattheFirstNationalCityBank,theprofitformeatpackersandfoodstoresamountedtolessthanonepercent.Duringthesameperiodallothermanufacturersweremakingaprofitofmorethan5percent.Bycomparisonwithothermembersoftheeconomicsystembothfarmersandmiddlemenhaveprofitedsurprisinglylittlefromtheriseinfoodprices.

(43)______.Vegetablesandchickencostmorewhentheyhavebeencutintopiecesbysomeoneotherthantheonewhobuysit.Afamilyshouldexpecttopaymorewhenseveral"TVdinners"aretakenhomefromthestore.Thesearefullycookedmeals,consistingofmeat,vegetables,andsometimesdesert,allarrangedonametaldish.Thedishisputintotheovenandheatedwhilethehousewifeisdoingsomethingelse.Suchaconveniencecostsmoney.(44)______.

Economistsremindusthatmanymodernhousewiveshavejobsoutsidethehome.Theyearnmoneythathelpstopaythefamilyfoodbills.Thehousewifenaturallyhaslesstimeandenergyforcookingafteraday'swork.Shewantstobuymanykindsoffoodthatcanbeputonherfamily'stableeasilyandquickly.Itappearsthattheanswertothequestionofrisingpricesisnotasimpleone.Producers,consumers,andmiddlemenallsharetheresponsibilityforthesharpriseinfoodcosts.(45)______.

A.Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.

B.However,someeconomistsbelievethatcontrolscanhavenegativeeffectsoveralongperiodoftime.Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.

C.Whothenisactuallyresponsibleforthesizeofthebillahousewifemustpaybeforeshecarriesthefoodhomefromthestore?TheeconomistsatFirstNationalCityBankhaveananswertogivehousewives,butmanypeoplewillnotlikeit.Theseeconomistsblamethehousewifeherselfforthejumpinfoodprices.Theysaythatfoodcostsmorenowbecausewomendon'twanttospendmuchtimeinthekitchen.Womenprefertobuyfoodwhichhasalreadybeenpreparedbeforeitreachesthemarket.

D."Ifthehousewifewantsallofthese,"theeconomistssay,"thatisherprivilege,butshemustbepreparedtopayfortheservicesofthosewhomakeherw

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestion,butrecentscientificresearchshowsbeauty,brainsandbrawnmayinfactallbeallied,writesDr.RajPersaud.

(46)Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirinte