语言学教程第四版-练习-第一章

word专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载ChapterOneIntroductiontoLinguisticsI.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.1.Alllanguages’havethreemajorcomponents:asoundsystem,asystemof___andasystemofsemantics.A.morphologyC.syntaxB.lexicogrammarD.meaning2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?A.treeB.typewriterC.bowwowD.bang3.ThefunctionofthesentenceWaterboilsat100degreesCentigradeis___.A.interpersonalC.informativeB.emotiveD.performative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay碎碎（岁岁）平安asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievemightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctiondoesitperform?A.interpersonalC.informativeB.emotiveD.performative5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplaceofspeaking(duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation)?A.TransferabilityC.DisplacementB.DualityD.Arbitrariness6.Whatlanguagefunctiondoesthefollowingconversationplay?(Thetwochattersjustmetandwerestartingtheirconversationbythefollowingdialogue.)A：Aniceday,isn’tit?B:Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7.-------referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformativeB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshereandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthatdog’slanguagedoesnothavethefeatureof---------.A.ReferenceB.ProductivityC.DisplacementD.Duality9.---------answerssuchquestionsasweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.A.PsycholinguisticsB.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics10.--------dealswiththestudyofdialectsindifferentsocialclassesinaparticularregion.A.LinguistictheoryC.SociolinguisticsB.PracticallinguisticsD.ComparativelinguisticsII.Markthefollowingstatementswith“T”iftheyaretrueor“F”iftheyarefalse.(10%)1.ThewidelyacceptedmeaningofarbitrarinesswasdiscussedbyChomskyfirst.2.Forlearnersofaforeignlanguage,itisarbitrarinessthatismoreworthnoticingthanitsconventionality.3.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandlegeneralizationsandabstractions.4.ForJakobsonandthePragueschoolstructuralists,thepurposeofcommunicationistorefer.5.Interpersonalfunctionisalsocalledideationalfunctionintheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar.6.Emotivefunctionisalsodiscussedunderthetermexpressivefunction.

word专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载7.TherelationshipbetweencompetenceandperformanceinChomsky’stheoryisthatbetweenalanguagecommunityandanindividuallanguageuser.8.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.9.Articulatoryphoneticsinvestigatesthepropertiesofthesoundwaves.10.Thenatureoflinguisticsasasciencedeterminesitspreoccupationwithprescriptioninsteadofdescription.III．Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriateword.Thefirstletterofthewordisalreadygiven(10％)1.Nowadays,twokindsofresearchmethodsco-existinlinguisticstudies,namely,qualitativeandq__________researchapproaches.2.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermedasp__________.3.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutlanguage.Thisfunctionism__________function.4.Theclaimthatlanguageoriginatedbyprimitivemaninvoluntarymakingvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthey＿theory.5.P________isoftensaidtobeconcernedwiththeorganizationofspeechwithinspecificlanguage,orwiththesystemsandpatternsofsoundsthatoccurinparticularlanguage.6.Modernlinguisticsisd＿inthesensethatlinguisttirestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticsanalysisistheprimacyofs___________overwriting.8.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad___________linguisticstudy.9.Saussureputforwardtheconceptl__________torefertotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.10.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’sc__________.IV.Explainthefollowingconceptsortheories.1.Designfeatures2.Displacement3.Competence4.SynchroniclinguisticsV.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly.(10%)1.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguages?Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewouldbelikeifithadnosuchdesignfeatures?2.Howcanweuselanguagetodothings?Pleasegivetwoexamplestoshowthispoint.VI.MatcheachterminColumnAwithonerelevantiteminColumnB.(10%)AB(1)languagevarietiesa.phonetics(2)informationretrievalb.phonology(3)shapeofsyllables(4)emergenceoflanguage(5)wordformationc.morphologyd.syntaxe.semanticsword专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载(6)productionofspeech(7)immediateconstituents(8)reference,forceandeffect(9)denotationofwords(10)cognitionf.pragmaticsg.psycholinguisticsh.sociolinguisticsI.putationallinguisticsII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswith(an)appropriateword(s).1.Languageis____________inthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.2.Languageis_____________and__________inthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteraction.3.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled_____________,whichinclude____________,_____________,______________,_____________.4.________istheoppositesideofarbitrariness.5.Thefactthatinthesystemofspokenlanguage,wehavetheprimaryunitsaswordsandsecondaryunitsassoundshowsthatlanguagehasthepropertyof___________.6.Languageisresourcefulbecauseofits_____________andits___________,whichcontributestothe_____________oflanguage.7._______benefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandlegeneralizationandabstractions.8.InJakobson’sversion,therearesixfunctionsoflanguage,namely,____________,_____________,_______________,________________,________________andmetalingualfunction.9.Whenpeopleuselanguagetoexpressattitudes,feelingsandemotions,peopleareusingthe_____________functionoflanguageinJakobson’sversion.10.Infunctionalgrammar,languagehasthreemetafunctions,namely,_____________,____________________,__________________.11.AmongHalliday’sthreemetafunctions______________createsrelevancetocontext.12.The________________functionoflanguageisprimarytochangethesocialstatusofpersons.13.Pleasenamefivemainbranchoflinguistics:___________________________,___________________,__________________,_____________________and____________________.14.In________________phonetics,westudythespeechsoundsproducedbyarticulatoryorgansbyidentifyingandclassifyingtheindividualsounds.15.In________________phonetics,wefocusonthewayinwhichthelisteneranalyzesorprocessesasoundwave16.________________istheminimalunitofmeaning.17.Thestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalled_______________.18.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationiscalled_________________.19.Thestudyofthewayinwhichsymbolsrepresentsoundsinlinguistcommunicatearearrangedtoformwordshasconstitutedthebranchofstudycalled_____________.20.Thestudyofruleswhichgovernsthecombinationsofwordstoformpermissiblesentencesconstitutesamajorbranchoflinguisticstudiesthatis_________________.21.Thefactthatwehavealliterationinpoemsisprobablybecauseofthe__________________functionoflanguage.III.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.1.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomeprintintimeisa_______________study.word专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic2.AccordingtoChomsky,aspeakercanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencebecause_______A.hehascomeacrossalloftheminhislifeB.hehasinternalizedasetofrulesabouthislanguageC.hehasacquiredtheabilitythroughtheactofcommunicatingwithotherslanguage3.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleisverysimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance,butSaussuretakesa____________viewoflanguageandChomskylooksatlanguagefroma__________pointofviewA.sociological,psychologicalC.biological,psychologicalB.psychological,sociologicalD.psychological,biological4.Thefactthatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordpenandthethingwewritewithindicateslanguageis______A.arbitraryB.rule-governedC.appliedD.illogical5.Wecanunderstandandproduceaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceincludingsentencesweneverheardbefore,becauselanguageis______A.creativeB.arbitraryC.limitlessD.resourceful6.______meanslanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationofthespeakerA.DualityB.DisplacementC.productivityD.Arbitrariness7.______examineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguageA.PhoneticsB.syntaxC.SemanticD.Pragmatics8.______isconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.A.MorphologyB.syntaxC.SemanticD.phonology9.______referstothefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaningA.DualityB.ArbitrarinessC.ReplacementD.Creativity10.______oflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,and______oflanguagemakeslearningalanguagelaboriousA.Conventionality,arbitrarinessC.Arbitrariness,conventionalityB.Arbitrariness,replacementD.Conventionality,arbitrariness11.Whenpeopleuselanguagetoindulgeinitselfforitsownsake,peopleareusingthe______functionoflanguageA.poeticB.creativeC.phaticD.metalingual12.____proposesatheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage.A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.JacobsonD.Halliday13.____functionconstructsamodelofexperienceandconstructslogicalrelations.A.InterpersonalB.TextualC.LogicalD.Ideational14.Interpersonalfunctionenacts_________relationship.A.socialB.experientialC.textualD.personal15.By_____________functionpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinsociety.A.experientialB.referentialC.metalingualD.Interpersonal16.Thestudyofthedescriptionandclassificationofspeechsounds,wordsandconnectedspeechbelongstothestudyof_____.A.phonologyB.phoneticsC.morphologyD.syntax17.In__________phonetics,weinvestigatethepropertiesofthesoundwaves.A.articulatoryB.acousticC.auditoryD.sound18.FrenchdistinguishesbetweennounslikeGARE(station)whichisfeminineandnounslikeTRAINwhichismasculine.ThisshowsthatFrenchisalanguagewhich____.A.isillogicalB.hasgrammaticalgenderC.hasbiologicalgenderD.hastwocases19.Competence,inthelinguisticsenseoftheword,is______.A.pragmaticskillB.intuitiveknowledgeoflanguage

word专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载C.perfectknowledgeoflanguageskillD.communicativeability20.FrenchhasTu(means:you)aimera(means:willlove)JeanandEnglishhasYouwillloveJean.Thisshowsusthat____.A.bothlanguagesarealikeinexpressingfuturetimeB.BothlanguageshaveafuturetensebutEnglishrequiresmorewordsC.EnglishisloosewhileFrenchiscompactD.Frenchformsitsfuturetensebyaddingaspecialsuffix21.Knowinghowtosaysomethingappropriateinagivensituationandwithexactlytheeffectyouintendisaquestionofthe_____A.lexisB.syntaxC.semanticsD.pragmatics22.A(n)_____isaspeaker/listenerwhoisamemberofhomogeneousspeechcommunity,whoknowslanguageperfectlyandisnotaffectedbymemorylimitationsordistractions.A.perfectlanguageuserB.ideallanguageuserC.proficientuserD.nativelanguageuserIV.Analyzethefollowingwithyourlinguisticknowledge.1.Usethefollowingtwoexamplestosupporttheideathatlanguageisnotallarbitrary.a.Theymarriedandhadababy.b.Theyhadababyandmarried.2.Examinethewaythefollowingwordsareseparated.CommentonthewayofseparationinrelationtoBloomfield’sideathatwordisminimalunitofmeaning.a.typical,success.ful.ly,organiz.action,hard.ly,wind.y,word3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthefollowingtwostatementsintermsofattitudetogrammar?Whatkindoflinguisticconceptsdotheyrepresent?a.Neverputanabeforeanuncountablenoun.b.Peopleusuallydonotputanabeforeanuncountablenoun.4.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceMusicisauniversallanguage?5.WhatarethetwointerpretationsofthesentenceTheyarehuntingdogs?Whatisthelinguisticknowledgethat