高三英语二轮复习机器人会抢走我们的饭碗吗？等2则外刊阅读与训练

高三英语二轮复习机器人会抢走我们的饭碗吗？导读：人工智能和机器人科技在飞速发展，很多人都担心这类技术对工作场所带来的影响。人工智能技术能以更低的成本和更高的效率工作，这是否意味着机器人将变成各类职业的主力军？如果真的会这样，那么人类的工作是否会岌岌可危？跟《外刊精读》一同畅想未来工作。一、语篇泛读Vocabulary:Jobs词汇:工作Asnewtechnologyisintroduced,therearemanywhoworryaboutitsimpactonourcurrentandfuturelifestyles–particularlywhenitcomestojobs.Itisacurrentbeliefthatwiththeriseofroboticsandartificialintelligence,manypeople’sjobs,andthereforetheir

livelihoods,arelikelytobelosttoautomation.

Thistypeoffearisn’tnew.Inthe19thcentury,theautomatedweavingmachinewasrevolutionizingtheEnglishtextilesindustryandwouldcontributetotheIndustrialRevolution.Whenmanualworkersbecame

redundant,itsparkedprotestsatthelossoftheir

vocation.Automationintheworkplaceisnothingnew.Machineshavebeenperforming

menial

tasksonourbehalfforyears,allowingustoescapethe

drudgery

thataccompaniesmany

repetitive

jobs.Infact,theInternationalFederationofRoboticsstatesthatinmanufacturingonaveragetherearenow74robotsper10,000

employees.Thathasrisenfrom66in2015.GeneralManagerofDigitalCustomerEngagementSolutionsattechfirmNuance,BernardLouvat,believesthat‘AIisabigthreatto

low-skilledjobs,noquestion.’HealsothinksthatAIchatbotswill

oust

mostcallcentre

staff

withinadecade.WhenyouconsiderthatalargetelecomscompanylikeAT&Temploysaround100,000callcentrestaff,that’salotofpeople

onthedole.

Andthat’sjustone

industry.ArecentreportfromtheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute,aprivatesectorthinktank,statesthatnearlytwothirdsofalljobscouldhaveatleast30%oftheiractivitiesautomatedby2030.However,McKinseyalsobelievesthatthisnewtechnologywillalso‘createnew

occupations

thatdonotexisttoday,muchastechnologiesinthepasthavedone.’Asthehorsegavewaytothecar,hostlersbecamemechanicsandmechanisedmanufacturingdroveup

wages

andcreatedmorelong-term

roles

thanitdestroyed.Infact,figuresfromtheWorldBankhaveshownthatdespitea2.2billionriseinpopulationbetween1991and2017,globalunemploymenthasfallenby0.3%.‘It’sanevolutionofwork’saysIanBarkin,co-founderofSymphonyVentures,aroboticprocessautomationspecialist.Aslow-skilledjobsare

takenon

byAI,peoplewillneedtolearnnewskills.‘Thiscallsonustofocuson

up-skilling,Technologycanleadtojobreductionsbutitdoesn’thaveto,’saysBarkin.WhetherornotroboticsandAIwillleaveusall

jobless

remainstobeseen.Currentviewsonthesubjectaremixed.Increasedautomationcouldindeedleadtoalossofsomejobs,butatthesametimeislikelytocreatemanymoreasnewskillsarerequired.Willtheybalanceout?I’llgetmyAIassistanttogetbacktoyouonthatone.二、词汇表livelihood生计

redundant

失业的，被裁员的

vocation工作

menial（工作）枯燥的、不体面的，带贬义

drudgery苦工，辛苦乏味的工作

repetitive单调重复的

employee公司员工，雇员

low-skilledjob低技能工作

oust赶走、夺取

staff全体工作人员

onthedole

（英式表达）靠领取救济金生活

industry行业、产业

occupation职业

wage（尤指给体力劳动者支付的）工钱、报酬

role

工作

takeon承担（一份工作）

up-skill

（通过培训）提升技能

jobless

失业的三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。1.Whathistoricalexampleoftechnologycausingalossofjobsdoesthearticlegive?2.TrueorFalse:

Automationintheworkplaceisaverynewconcept.3.Approximatelyhowmuchautomationacrossalljobsisestimatedby2030?4.InMcKinsey’sopinion,whatwillhappenasjobsarelosttoautomation?5.AccordingtoIanBarkin,whatdothesechangescallustofocuson?

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Ihatebeingabuilder.It’sthe______ofit.Allthetasksareboringorphysicallyhard!redundant

drudgery

low-skilledjob

wages2.Byavoteofnoconfidence,Phillipis______fromhispositionasCEObyTom.redundant

repetitive

ousted

jobless3.AfterIlostmyjobatthefactory,Iwas______for5years.Ilivedonbenefits.menial

ousted

onthedole

occupation4.I’mreallysorry.I’msobusywithtasks,Idon’tthinkIcan______anymore.oust

takeon

up-skill

jobless5.Thelossofbusinessmeansthatwe’llhavetocut______.Thestaffwon’tbehappy.vocation

employees

wages

drudgery【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。1.Whathistoricalexampleoftechnologycausingalossofjobsdoesthearticlegive?

Inthe19thcentury,theautomatedweavingmachinecausedmanualworkerstobecomeredundant,sparkingprotestsatthelossoftheirvocation.2.TrueorFalse:

Automationintheworkplaceisaverynewconcept.

False.Automationintheworkplaceisnothingnew.Machineshavebeenperformingmenialtasksonourbehalfforyears.3.Approximatelyhowmuchautomationacrossalljobsisestimatedby2030?

ArecentreportfromtheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutestatesthatnearlytwothirdsofalljobscouldhaveatleast30%oftheiractivitiesautomatedby2030.4.IntheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute’sopinion,whatwillhappenasjobsarelosttoautomation?

McKinseyalsobelievesthatthisnewtechnologywillalso‘createnewoccupationsthatdonotexisttoday,muchastechnologiesinthepasthavedone.5.AccordingtoIanBarkin,whatdothesechangescallustofocuson?

Theycallonustofocusonup-skilling.

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Ihatebeingabuilder.It’sthe

drudgery

ofit.Allthetasksareboringorphysicallyhard!2.Byavoteofnoconfidence,Phillipis

ousted

fromhispositionasCEObyTom.3.AfterIlostmyjobatthefactory,Iwas

onthedole

for5years.Ilivedonbenefits.4.I’mreallysorry.I’msobusywithtasks,Idon’tthinkIcan

takeon

anymore.5.Thelossofbusinessmeansthatwe’llhavetocut

wages.Thestaffwon’tbehappy.叫车软件造成的交通拥堵难题导读：近些年来，通过用手机应用程序叫车上下班已经成为很多人常用的通勤方式。然而，随着使用这类软件的用户数不断增加，城市内的交通拥堵情况也变得更加严重：更多的车辆减慢了车流速度，从而导致道路交通瘫痪。我们可以怎样解决这个难题？跟随本集《外刊精读》了解新出行方式的利弊。一、语篇泛读Haveyouevertakenataxi?Inthepast,doingsomeantfindingone,

flagging

it

down

andtellingthedriverwhereyouwantedtogo,paying,andpossibly,addingatip.Andwhilethisstillhappens,it’slesscommonthanitusedtobe.Thesedays,it’smucheasiertoopena

ride-hailing

app.Alloftheboringstuffgetstakencareof.It’saperfectsolution!Exceptthatitisn’t.ArecentreportfromurbantransportconsultantBruceSchaller,whospentthelastfouryearsstudying

traffic

flow

inNewYork,concludedthattheuseoftheseapp-basedjourneysiscausing

trafficjams.The81%increaseinthesecity-basedridesmeansthattherearenowfivetimesmoreofthemthantheiconicyellowtaxicab.“It’stheshiftinpatronagefrom

publictransport,”hetoldtheBBC.Forwhateverreason,peopledecidethatit’sjusttoomuchhassle.“Thatmeansmovingpeoplefromlarger

vehicles

intosmallerones,whichmeansmorevehiclestomovethesamepeople.Therefore,moretraffic.”Inaddition,thesheernumberofcarsnowlookingfora

commuter

meansthattheyspend45%oftheirtimeempty,just

cruising

forafare,andinadvertently

clogging

up

thecity’s

infrastructure.“Theyareoutthereinforceattheworstpossibletimes,”saidProfChristoWilson,acomputerscientistatNortheasternUniversity,whohasalsostudiedtheservices.HereferstoUber’strafficdata,which‘perfectlymatchesthepeaksforthe

rushhour.’Healsoaddsthatthelowfaresandconveniencemeanthatpeopleareorderingridestogo

fromAtoB

whentheywouldn’tnormally.Bothhelpcontributetothe

gridlock.Sowhatcanbedonetostoptrafficfrom

backingup

or

bottlenecking?Onesolutioninvolvescombiningride-hailingwithsharing.Manyride-hailingcompanies,suchasUber,DidiChuxinginChinaandOlainIndiaenablecustomersto

carpool.Thisallowstravellerswhosharesimilar

destinations

tosharethejourney.Theappenablesan

enroute

pickup,whichmeansmore

streamlined

traffic,andlesstimespentwithanemptyvehicle.Couldthis

decongest

theworld’s

jam-packed

roads?Itiscertainlyonesolution.Butmaybeweshouldn’tbesoquicktodismissthemoretraditionalpublictransportoptions."Congestionisareallycomplicatedissue,"saidAndrewSalzberg,headofUber'stransportpolicy.But,“Thereisnomoreefficientwaytomovepeoplearoundthanpublictransport,"headded.Sodon’tdoawaywiththatbuspassjustyet.二、词汇表flagdown挥手拦车

ride-hailing

叫车服务

trafficflow

交通流量

trafficjam交通堵塞

publictransport公共交通

vehicle（车辆等）交通工具

commuter通勤者

cruiseforafare慢行寻找一位出租车乘客

clogup使…堵塞

infrastructure基础设施

rushhour（上下班）高峰期

fromAtoB从一个地方到另一个地方

gridlock（城市）交通大瘫痪

backup堵车

bottleneck在狭窄路段堵车

carpool拼车

destination目的地

enroute在途中的

pickup接人

streamline高效的

decongest减轻、减缓交通拥堵

jam-packed拥挤不堪的、水泄不通的三、测试与练习阅读课文并回答问题。1.Howmanymoreride-hailingvehiclesarethereinNewYorkthantraditionalyellowtaxis?2.Howmuchofaride-hailingvehicle’stimeisspentempty?3.Whyarepeopletakingride-hailingvehiclesthantheynormallywould?4.WhatsolutiontoeasecongestiondoUber,DidiChuxingandOlaoffer?5.Trueorfalse:

Publictransportwillneverbeasgoodasride-hailing.请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Ifyou’regoingdowntown,Iwouldn’ttake2ndavenue.It’s______downthere.Youwon’tgetthrough.bottleneck

trafficjam

streamline

gridlock2.MyfriendandIaregoingonadrivingholiday!Wewantto______alongroute66!flagdown

clogup

cruise

backup3.Hewon’tbelong.Hesaidhewas______10minutesagosoanotherfiveminutes?infrastructure

enroute

streamline

jam-packed4.Pleasestopcombingyourhairintheshower!It______thedrain!bottlenecks

gridlock

blocksup

decongests5.Muchofthecountry’s______wasdamagedbythehurricanemeaningroadsareblockedandpowerisdown.publictransport

rushhour

destination

infrastructure【参考答案】阅读课文并回答问题。1.Howmanymoreride-hailingvehiclesarethereinNewYorkthantraditionalyellowtaxis?

The81%increaseinthesecity-basedridesinmeansthattherearenowfivetimesmoreofthemthantheiconicyellowtaxicab.2.Howmuchofa