施心远主编《听力教程》3(第二版)unit3标准答案

Unit3SectionOneTacticsforlisteningPart1SpotDictationWildlifeEverytenminutes,onekindofanimal,plantorinsect(1)diesoutforever.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,onemillionspeciesthatarealivetodaywillhavebecome(2)extincttwentyyearsfromnow.Theseasareindanger.Theyarebeingfilledwith(3)poison:industrialandnuclearwaste,chemicalfertilizersand(4)pesticides,sewage.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,onedaysoonnothingwillbeableto(5)liveintheseas.Thetropicalrain(6)forestswhicharethehomeofhalftheearth'slivingthingsare(7)beingdestroyed.Ifnothingisdoneaboutit,theywillhave(8)nearlydisappearedintwentyyears.Theeffectontheworld's(9)climate-andonouragricultureandfood(10)supplies-willbedisastrous.(11)Fortunately,somebodyistryingtodosomethingaboutit.In1961,the(12)WorldWildlifeFundwasfounded-asmallgroupofpeoplewhowantedto(13)raisemoneytosaveanimalsandplants(14)fromextinction.Today,theWorldWildlifeFundisalarge(15)internationalorganization.Ithasraisedover(16)£35millionfor(17)conservationprojects,andhascreatedorgivensupporttotheNationalParksin(18)fivecontinents.Ithashelped30(19)mammalsandbirds-includingthetiger-to(20)survive.Part2ListeningforGistMrs.Bates:Hullo.IsthatReception?.Reception:Yes,madamMrs.Bates:ThisisMrs.Bates.Room504.Isentsomeclothestothelaundrythismorning,twoofmyhusband'sshirtsandthreeofmyblouses.Butthey'renotbackyet.Yousee,we'releavingearlytomorrowmorning.Reception:Justamoment,madam.I'llputyouthroughtothehousekeeper.Housekeeper:Hullo.Housekeeper.Mrs.Bates:Oh,hullo.Thisis...I'mphoningfromRoom504.It'saboutsomeclothesIsenttothelaundrythismorning.They'renotbackyetandyousee...Housekeeper:Theyare,madam.You'llfindtheminyourwardrobe.They'reinthetopdrawerontheleft.Mrs.Bates:Oh,Ididn'tlookinthewardrobe.Thankyouverymuch.Sorrytotroubleyou.Housekeeper:That'squiteallright.Goodbye.Mrs.Bates:Goodbye.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.1)Thisdialogueisaboutmakinganinquiryaboutthelaundry.2)Thekeywordsarereception.laundry.shirts.blouses.wardrobe.SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueAUNInterpreterInterviewer:...soperhapsyoucouldtellushowexactlyyoubecamesoproficientatlanguagelearning,Suzanne.Suzanne:Well,Ithinkitallstartedwithareallyfortunateaccidentofbirth.YouknowIwasborninLausanne*,Switzerland;myfatherwasSwiss-FrenchSwissandmymotherwasAmerican,so,ofcourse,wespokebothlanguagesathomeandIgrewupbilingual.Then,ofcourse,IlearntGermanatschool-inSwitzerlandthat'snormal.AndbecauseIwasalreadyfluentinEnglish,mysecondlanguageatschoolwasItalian.SoIhadarealheadstart(有利的开端)!Interviewer:Sothat's...one,two,three,four-youhadlearntfourlanguagesbythetimeyouleftschool?Howfluentwereyou?Suzanne:Urn,IwasnativespeakerstandardinFrenchandEnglish,butI'dbecomeabitrusty*inGermanandmyItalianwasonlyschoolstandard.IdecidedthebestoptionwastostudyintheUK,andIdidHispanicStudiesatuniversity,studyingSpanishandPortuguese,withsomeItalian,andlivinginManchester.ThenIwenttoliveinBrazilfortwoyears,teachingEnglish.Interviewer:Sobythistimeyoumusthavebeenfluentinsixlanguages?Suzanne:Nearly.MyItalianwasn'tperfect,butIhadaboyfriendfromUruguay*whileIwasthere,somySpanishalsobecameprettygood!

Interviewer:Andthenwhatdidyoudo?Suzanne:WhenIwas25IcamebacktoSwitzerland,wenttoaninterpreters'schoolandthengotajobintheUnitedNationswhenIwas28.Interviewer:Andyou'vebeenthereeversince?Suzanne:Notquite.InthefirstfewmonthsImetJan,aCzechinterpreter,whobecamemyhusband.WewenttoliveinPraguein1987andthatwaswhereIlearntCzech.Interviewer:Andtheeighthlanguage?Suzanne:Well,unfortunatelythemarriagedidn'tlast;IwasveryupsetandIdecidedtotakealongbreak.IwenttoJapanonholiday,gotajobandstayedfortwoyears,whichwaswhenIlearntJapanese.Interviewer:That'samazing!Andnowyou'rebackattheUnitedNations?Suzanne:Yes.Well,Ineverreallyleft.IcarriedondoingworkforthemwhenIwasinPrague-someinPrague,someinAustriaandSwitzerland,andItooka"sabbatical*"toworkinJapan.TheyneedpeoplewhocanunderstandJapanese.But,yes,I'vebeenbackwiththemfull-timefortwoyearsnow.Interviewer:Andyourplansforthefuture?Suzanne:I'mgoingtolearnmoreOrientallanguages.ItwassuchachallengelearningJapanese-it'ssodifferentfromalltheothers.SoI'llspendanothertwoorthreeyearsherewiththeUNfull-time,duringwhichtimeIhopetogetasubstantialpromotion,thenIthinkI'llgobackandlearnKorean,orperhapsChinese,andThai-I'dlovetolearnThai.Andthen,perhapsanIndian

language.Whatever,Iwanttobefluentinanotherthreeorfourlanguagesbefore45.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).l.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.T10.FPart2PassageTheClydeRiverRunningthroughoneofBritain'sbiggestmanufacturingcenters,Glasgow,theClydeRiver*waspoisonedformorethanacenturybythefetid*byproductsofindustry.Thewaterwayborethebruntof(首当其冲)Glasgow'seconomicsuccessduringtheIndustrialRevolutionandbeyond,aspollutionandchemicalsdestroyeditsfishandwildlifepopulationsandbrewedsmellswhosememorystillmakesresidentswince*.Now,withheavyindustrygoneandGlasgowreconceivedasacenterforcultureandtourism,theClydeiscomingbacktolife.Forthefirsttimesincethelate1800s,itsnativesalmonhavereturnedinsizablenumbers,reflectingthenewcleanlinessofariverthatwasonceoneofBritain'sfilthiest.TheClydeRiverFoundationsurveyedfishpopulationslastautumn6at9sites

intheClydeanditstributaries,andfoundsalmoninsevenoftheninemajortributaries.Themigratoryfish,whichvanishedfromtheClydearound1880afteralongdecline,firstreappearedinthe1980s,butlastyear'ssurveywasthefirsttoshowthey'vecomebackinhealthynumbers.AlthoughcommercialsalmonfishingwasneverwidespreadontheClyde,thefish'sreturnissymbolicallyimportantforGlasgow,wheresalmonwereoncesoimportanttothecity'sidentitythattwoarepicturedonitsofficialcoatofarms.Thesalmon'scomebackisalsoasignofbigimprovementstowaterquality.Likeseatrout,whichhavealsoreappearedintheClydesysteminrecentyears,salmonareverysensitivetoenvironmentalconditionsandrequirecool,well-oxygenated*watertothrive.ThedeclineofGlasgow'smainindustrieshelpedboostthefortunesofariverthatwasessentiallyfishlessfordecadesduringtheworstperiodsofpollution.Theclosureoffactoriesthathadpouredtoxins*andotherpollutantsintotheriverboostedwaterqualitysignificantly.Environmentalregulatorsalsolighteneddumpingrules,andmodernsewageprocessingplantshelpedeliminatesomeofthefoul*smellsthatoncetainted*theair.WithworriesrisingabouttheenvironmentalimpactofenormousfishfarmselsewhereinScotlandandseverelydepletedfishstocksintheNorthSeaandNorthAtlantic,theClydecomebackisararebitofgoodnewsforScotland'sfishlovers.SincetheareathatisnowGlasgowwasfirstsettledaroundtheyear550,the

Clydehasbeencentraltoitshistory.Theriver'sdepthandnavigabilityhelpedmakeGlasgowanimportantcenterforimportingtobacco,sugarandcottonfromtheAmericasstartinginthe1600s.Later,duringtheIndustrialRevolutionthatbeganinthelate1700s,GlasgowbecameacenterofBritishshipbuildingandoneofthecountry'sgreatmanufacturingcenters.ThemillsandfactoriesthatlinedtheClydemadesteel,textilesandchemicals,tannedleatherandevenproducedcandyandbrewedalcohol.Whenthefactoriesbegantocloseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,working-classGlasgow,Scotland'slargestcity,gainedareputationforsocialdeprivationandroughstreets.Morerecently,itsartmuseumsandnightlifehavehelpeddriveaneconomiccomebackthathasturnedthecityintoapopulartouristdestination.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionRiversareimportanttohumansbecausetheysupplyfreshdrinkingwater,serveashomeforimportantfishes,andprovidetransportationroutes.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.1)Salmonareverysensitivetoenvironmentalconditionsandrequirecool,well-oxygenatedwatertothrive.

2)Theclosureoffactoriesthathadpouredtoxinsandotherpollutantsintotheriverboostedwaterqualitysignificantlyandmodernsewageprocessingplants（污水处理厂）helpedeliminatesomeofthefoulsmells.3)Theriver'sdepthandnavigabilityhelpedmakeGlasgowanimportantcenterforimportingtobacco,sugarandcottonfromtheAmericasstartinginthe1600s.4)ThemillsandfactoriesthatlinedtheClydemadesteel,textilesandchemicals,tannedleatherandevenproducedcandyandbrewedalcohol.5)Whenthefactoriesbegantocloseinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,working-classGlasgow,Scotland'slargestcity,gainedareputationforsocialdeprivation（社会剥夺）androughstreets.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.l.A2.C3.C4.B5.D6.C7.B8.AExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1)TheClyde'sdepthandnavigabilityhelpedmakeGlasgowanimportantcenterforimportingtobacco,sugarandcottonfromtheAmericasstartinginthe1600s.AndthecitybecameacenterofBritishshipbuildingandoneofthecountry'sgreatmanufacturingcentersduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Morerecently,itsart

museumsandnightlifehavehelpeddriveaneconomiccomebackthathasturnedthecityintoapopulartouristdestination.2)(Open)SectionThree:NewsNewsItem1GovernmentsBanNineOfTheWorld'sMostHazardousChemicalsUNEnvironmentProgramExecutiveDirectorAchimSteinercallstheagreementhistoric.HesaystheninechemicalsthathavejoinedthelistofPersistentOrganicPollutants,orPOPS,areextremelyharmfultotheenvironmentandtohealth.Thenewlytargetedchemicalsincludeproductsthatarewidelyusedinpesticidesandflame-retardants,andinanumberofothercommercialuses,suchasatreatmentforheadlice.TheseninetoxicchemicalswilljointheStockholmConvention'soriginallistof12PersistentOrganicPollutants,referredtoasthe"dirtydozen."Thepollutantsareespeciallydangerousbecausetheycrossboundariesandtravellongdistances,fromtheEquatortotheArctic.Theypersistintheatmosphereandtakemanyyears,oftendecades,todegradeintolessdangerousforms.Theyposegreatriskstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth,especiallytoyoungpeople,farmers,pregnantwomenandtheunborn.

ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.Thisnewsitemisaboutabanofnineoftheworld’smosthazardouschemicals.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingpassage.UNenvironmentProgramExecutivewelcomedtheagreementtobantheproductionofnineoftheworld’smosthazardouschemicalsthatareextremelyharmfultotheenvironmentandtohealth.Thesesubstanceswilljoinalistof12otherso-calledpersistentorganicpollutants,orPOPS,thatareprohibitedunderaninternationaltreatyknownastheStockholmConvention.Thenewlytargetedchemicalsincludeproductsthatarewidelyusedinpesticidesandflame-retardants,andinanumberofothercommercialuses,suchasatreatmentforheadlice.Thepollutantsareespeciallydangerousbecausetheycrossboundariesandtravellongdistances,fromtheEquatortotheArctic.Theypersistintheatmosphereandtakemanyyears,oftendecades,todegradeintolessdangerousforms.Theyposegreatriskstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth,especiallytoyoungpeople,farmers,pregnantwomenandtheunborn.NewsItem2WorldClimateConferencetoFocusonAdaptationtoClimateChangeScientistspredicttheworldwillgethotteroverthecomingdecades.AmajorconferenceinCopenhagenattheendoftheyearwillfocusonwaystomitigatetheworstaffectsofglobalwarming.WMOSecretary-GeneralMichelJarraud(世界气象组织秘书长贾侯)sayscountriesmusthavethetoolstoadapttoachangingclimate.Theymustbeabletorespondtoaworldthatislikelytoexperiencemoreextremeweatherevents,suchasfloodsandhurricanes.Jarraudnotesfarmersincertainpartsoftheworldwillhavetoadapttoadryerclimate.Hesaystheymighthavetomodifyirrigationsystemsorconsidergrowingcropsthatdonotrequiremuchrain.Hesaysglobalwarmingislikelytoincreasetheintensityandfrequencyofextremeweatherevents.Therefore,betterandmoretimelyinformationonthesephenomenaareessentialtomakedecisionsonclimatevariabilityandchange.Todothis,hesays,weatherobservationnetworksmustbestrengthened.TheWMOchiefsaysclimatechangeisaglobalproblem.And,everyoneneedseveryoneelsetosolvethisproblem.Hesayseventhebiggest,richestcountriescannotdoitalone.Hesaysthedevelopedworldneedsreliableweatherinformationfromdevelopingcountriesandvice-versa.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.

Thisnewsitemisaboutanappealforglobalcooperationtodealwithclimatechange.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Scientistspredicttheworldwillgethotteroverthecomingdecades.2)AmajorconferenceinCopenhagenattheendoftheyearwillfocusonwaystomitigatetheworstaffectsofglobalwarming.3)Countriesmusthavethetoolstoadapttoachangingclimate.4)Jarraudnotesfarmersincertainpartsoftheworldwillhavetoadapttoadryerclimate.Hesaystheymighthavetomodifyirrigationsystemsorconsidergrowingcropsthatdonotrequiremuchrain.5)Globalwarmingislikelytoincreasetheintensityandfrequencyofextremeweatherevents.6)Weatherobservationnetworksmustbestrengthened.7)Eventhebiggest,richestcountriescannotdoitalone.Hesaysthedevelopedworldneedsreliableweatherinformationfromdevelopingcountriesandvice-versa.NewsItem3ScientistshavewarnedthattheGreatBarrierReef-whichstretchesformorethan2,500kilometersdownAustralia'snortheastcoast-islikelytobearthebruntofwarmeroceantemperatures.Amajorconcernhasbeenthebleachingofcoral,wherethesensitivemarineorganismswitherunderenvironmentalstresscausedbyincreasedwatertemperature,pollutionorsedimentation.Anunexpecteddiscoveryatthesouthernendofthereefhasprovidedsomeraregoodnewsforresearchers.ResearchersfoundthatcoralintheKeppelIslandsoffQueensland,whichwasdamagedbybleachingin2006andthensmotheredbyseaweedthatovergrewthereef,hasmanagedtorepairitself.Expertssaytoseereefsbouncebackfrommasscoralbleachinginlessthanadecadeishighlyunusual.Likeothercoralsystems,theGreatBarrierReefisfacingarangeofenvironmentalthreats.Scientistssaytheircapacitytorecoveryfromdamageinflictedbywarmerwaters,forexample,willbecriticaltoitsfuturehealth.TheGreatBarrierReefisoneofAustralia'spremiertouristattractions.ItcoversanareabiggerthanBritainandisthelargestlivingstructureonearthandtheonlyonevisiblefromspace.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisabouttheGreatBarrierReef.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).l.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.TSectionFourSupplementaryExercisesPart1FeatureReportSydneyReadyforBigSwitchOffasEarthHourGoesGlobalScotland'sEdinburghCastle,theBird'sNeststadiuminBeijingandthepyramidsinEgyptwilljointheSydneyOperaHouseindimmingtheirlightsaspartofEarthHour.TheglobaleventhasbeenendorsedbytheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.BanKi-moonhassaiditwasthebiggestclimatechangedemonstrationeverattempted.Mr.Banurgedpeopleeverywheretopressuretheirgovernmentstotakedecisiveactiontocutcarbonpollution.OrganizersarehopingthatuptoabillionpeoplefromsmallvillagesinNamibiatosprawlingcitiesinAsiawillparticipateinaninternationalefforttocutgreenhousegasemissions,whichmanyscientistsblameforawarmingclimate.OneofthearchitectsofEarthHour,AndyRidleyfromtheconservationgroupWorldWildlifeFund(WWF),saysthecurrentfinancialmeltdownshouldnotbeusedasanexcusetodelayenvironmentalreforms."Theglobaleconomiccrisishasprovedthatweareaglobalcommunity,sowhenAmericagoesbad,weallgobadandclimatechangeisgoingtobeonascalethatisway,waybeyondourglobaleconomiccrisisatthemomentandweneedtoputinplacethemeasurestoa)slowthatdownandideallyhaltit,b)bereadyforeconomies

thatwillhavetochange.So,thelongerweprocrastinatethemorewepaythepenaltysoweneedtomovequickly,"hesaid.EarthHourwasstartedbyenvironmentalistsinSydneyin2007.Itencourageshouseholds,businessesandgovernmentstoswitchoffallnon-essentiallightsfor60minutesinashowofunifiedconcernforthehealthandfutureoftheplanet.Intwoyears,theeventhasbecomealargeglobalmovementanditsaimistocreateanenormouswaveofpublicpressurethatwillinfluencedelegatesatameetinginCopenhagenlaterthisyear,whichhopestoestablishanewU.N.climatetreaty.However,criticsofEarthHourhaveinsisteditissimplyasymbolicgesturethatwillnotaffectsignificantenvironmentalchange.TheeventwillofficiallybeginontheinternationaldatelineintheremoteChathamIslandssoutheastofNewZealandandwillconcludeinHawaii.ExerciseA:Directions:Listentothenewsreportandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsreportisaboutaglobaleventknownasEarthHour.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingsentences.1.Scotland'sEdinburghCastle,theBird'sNeststadiuminBeijingandthepyramidsinEgyptwilljointheSydneyOperaHouseindimmingtheirlightsaspartofEarthHour.2.BanKi-moonhassaiditwasthebiggestclimatechangedemonstrationeverattempted.3.Organizersarehopingthatuptoabillionpeoplewillparticipateinaninternationalefforttocutgreenhousegasemissions,whichmanyscientistsblameforawarmingclimate.4.AndyRidley,OneofthearchitectsofEarthHour,saysthecurrentfinancialmeltdownshouldnotbeusedasanexcusetodelayenvironmentalreforms.5.Intwoyears,theeventhasbecomealargeglobalmovementanditsaimistocreateanenormouswaveofpublicpressurethatwillinfluencedelegatesatameetinginCopenhagenlaterthisyear.Part2PassageLabproducesshape-shiftingfruitsandvegetablesManyfruitsandvegetablesweknowalmostasmuchbytheirshapeasbytheircolorortaste.Bananasarelongandcurved.Onionsareround.Butwhatifyoucouldalterthefamiliarshape?Wouldasquaretomatostillbeatomato?Scientistsarelearninghowtochangetheshapeoffruitsandvegetablessotheycanbeharvestedorprocessedmoreefficiently,ormaybejusttoreducewasteinthekitchen.Itcanbedonetosomeextentwithtraditionalhybridtechniques.AndaswehearfromreporterJulieGrant,itcanalsobedonebyflippingageneticswitch.EstervanderKnaapstepsgingerlyaroundthegreenhouse.We'reattheOhioStateAgriculturalResearchandDevelopmentCenterinWooster.VanDerKnaappointsoutshort,roundtomatoes-andsomeodd-lookinglong,thinones.VANDERKNAAP:"That'sonegene.Onegenecanmakethatdifference."VanderKnaap'steamdiscoveredthatgeneandisolatedit.TheycallittheSUNgene.Andthey'vebeenabletocloneitintomatoes.VanderKnaap'sresearchcouldleadtosquare-shapes-somethingshethinksthetomatoindustrymightlike.Squaretomatoesfitintopackagesbetter.And,overall,squaretomatoesmightbeeasiertoworkwiththanthecommonroundtomatoes.SofarmoneyforherresearchhascomefromtheNationalScienceFoundation-notbigag.Designerfruitshapesaregainingpopularity.Peoplehavebeencross-breedingtomatoestomaketheshapestheywantforalongtime.Butthisisnotthesamething.DickAlfordisachefandprofessorofhospitalitymanagementattheUniversityofAkron[Ohio].ThedifferencebetweenwhathisbrotherandlotsofotherfolkshavebeendoingandwhatvanderKnaapisdoingisthedifferencebetweencross-breedingandlocatingaspecificgenethataffectstheshapeoftomatoes.ChefAlfordwatchesstudentsastheycutyellowcrooknecksquashandcarrots.They'retryingtomakeuniform,symmetricalshapesoutofcurvyandpointedvegetables.There'salotofwaste.ChefAlfordhatestoseesomuchgetthrownaway.Sohe'sgotarequestofDr.vanderKnaap.ALFORD:"Ifwecouldgetsquarecarrots,itwouldbegreat.Ifyoucouldgetatomatoaslongasacucumber,whereyoucouldget20or30slicesoutofthem,itwouldbegreat."Inacountrythatloveshamburgers,VanderKnaaphasheardthatrequestbefore.

Butthelong,thintomatohasn'tworkedoutjustyet.Shesaysthere'smoregeneticstobestudied.“Onceweknowallthegenesresponsibleformakingdifferentshapesintomatoes”,VanderKnaapsays,“we'llhaveabetterideaofwhatcontrolstheshapeofothercrops,suchpeppers,cu