考试机经发布神团队研发中心制作

一 GRE写（一）ISSUE（Allcollegeanduniversitystudentswouldbenefitfromspendingatleastonesemesterstudyinginaforeigncountry.ARGUMENT(associationbetweentheamountofsleeptheexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,thosewhoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethan6hoursofsleeppernighthadhigherprofitmarginsandfastergrowth.Theseresultssuggestthatifabusinesswantstoprosper,itshouldhireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthan6hoursofsleeppernight."Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexinhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.Inanyfieldofendeavor,itisimpossibletomakeasignificantcontributionwithoutfirstbeingstronglyinfluencedbypastachievementswithinthatARGUMENT(Thefollowingappearedinahealth"Aten-yearnationwidestudyoftheeffectivenessofwearingahelmetwhilebicyclingindicatesthattenyearsago,approxima y35percentofallbicyclistsreportedwearinghelmets,whereastodaythatnumberisten-yearperiod,thenumberofbicycle-relatedaccidentshasincreased200percent.Theseresultsdemonstratethatbicyclistsfeelsaferbecausetheyarewearinghelmets,andtheytakemorerisksasaresult.Thus,toreducethenumberofseriousinjuriesfrombicycleaccidents,theernmentshouldconcentratemoreoneducatingpeopleaboutbicyclesafetyandlessonencouragingorrequiringbicycliststowear二 1、在系中，天体的碰撞在形成表面上是 的过程之一:很多系体的显示aproliferationofimpactcraters在过去四五十亿年中形成参考答案：解释：冒号后面的是proliferation，体现craters的多，而craters根据常识对应前文的天梯碰撞，所以碰撞的应该多，pervasive有一个很强的干扰选项是clysmic。种模式鼓励人们不再把看成,而是看成他们可以自己handlewithspontaneity的东西，甚至可以嘲笑。参考答案干扰选项好像是ephemeral。3很多人有一个观点是competence和warmth是 :当他们觉得很能的时候时,他们会推断说这个人一定很(2)inversely解析：能力和热情成以各种关系，后面说的能力就对应于前面的comptence，那两者相反，一个人很能，就应该不热情，所以是unfeeling。4、Recentscholarshiphasquestionedthe（1） oftropical aroundtheworld.Archaeologistshaveshown,forexample,thatthe…ofwhatwasthoughttobevirginrain intheSouthernAmazonhadbeentransformedinto…beforeEuropeancontact,andmanyoftheislandsinWestAfrica’s…zoneare(2) aswell. .学者发现很多认为应该是virgin的热带雨林被在欧洲人到来之前transform了，很多南非的热带雨林也（aswell）解析：第二句举例子，说明一二句一定同向。之前认为是virgin，其实是被European所transform。因此，第一句人们一定质疑的是之前的观点，选和virgin一致的naturalness第二空后aswell体现出要和transformedbyEuropean取同，选anthropogenic。5、不像有些动物那么,狮子表情很丰富（widerange啥的参考答案6、一个地方自然资源的历史是 ;因为，这个地方是从很resoucer-rich到resource-dependent。rapacious很明显，Resource-dependentrapaciousdepletion“XXX 参考答案XXXquixotic8这个老师把bookpublishing描述得很成了一个hidebound的企业， encumberedunabletohideboundfacingaprofoundchangeby他的过去能够体现顽固，unabletoseize机会也能体现顽固。9farremoved，本身不是个错，但是错在这本书标题和介绍是跟当代一致，但是其实他的approach很盾的，选项匹配之后就只有声称（purport）跟当代一致，但其实方法很old-fashioned老套。10、Viewingpeopleas“Socialatoms”thatobeyrathersimplerules,onemaydiscusscertainlawlikeregularities.Take,forexample,thewaychannelsemergewhenpeoplemoveincrowds.Inthemidstofinitially(2)chaoticmovements,one beginstofollowanother-inanefforttoavoidcollisions-andstreamsofmovementemerge.Asmorepeoplejoinin,thereisgreaterpullonotherstojointheflow,andtheparticular e(3)self-perpetuating第一空白送，ruleslawlikeregularitiesinitially来越多，体现self-perpetuating。11、成功的科幻cognitiveflexibility和他们的文化的 uneasycognitiveuneasyambivalence所以同意重复，就填写matched，这道题和OG上一道题目很相似。原题 s’risetoprominenceoverthepast30yearshas theascentofasanartform:itisonlywithinthepastthreedecadesthatarthasattaineditscurrent,respectedstatus.12、某个人并非唯一一个中立的observer对一个新系统 :其他作家 comcomined,unsound构成这种关系。13、一本书讲的是很popular很多popularhistory一样，他流行是因为重建历史叙述的难度，也许这是为了spare读者from,但是我们真的需要么?accessibletoawide解析：popularaccessibletoawideaudience。Pity空应该带来坏事，avoiddifficulty和increasedifficulty有可能，很多人可能不理解avoiddifficulty为什么是坏事，如果是避免了是好事，但逃避们不需要规避，体现了作者对于规避的负态度。所以第二空选avoiding。第三空选difficulty的近义词，所以是complexity。猴子的包含了的手势、声音信号，因此研究者很难分开的意思。这 被一个事实,这个事实是很多信号可能会根据环境不同而改变意前文提到的事情，前文是个问题，所以选problem。到底是解决还是加深问题选augmented。Fewideasaremore thanthenotionthatculturesevolveinDarwinianfashion;manyacademicshavebegunwritingaboutculturalevolution,butfewtreattheunderlyingDarwinianlogicwiththecareit没有什么想法比文化以D的式进化更 略了内在的D的逻辑，而这种逻辑应该是被关注的。参考答案：abuse对D的关于艺术家的问题，任何关于justice的判断都是 :同水平同价值A.C.不可预测的管理到outrightmalfeasance 解析这群投资人遇到了各类问题从unpredictablemanagement到 很多年来都觉得 byhisseniormanagers,Cwas hopefulofadvancement.vilified/MS认为homeschooling,远非代表了一种 an an 解析：两空应该形成反义，由farfrom看出。如果前面选主流，后面就应该是面只能是anomalous。建筑师很extroverted因此成为了设计团队中更 参考答案：visible解析：extroverted选DF。尽管科学发展不断修正过去的观点，一个observation多年都，即世界中有好多昆虫呀：950,000多种呢.robust/AC’sbookNis,verydeliberay,liryobject––theoppositeofane-readerwhichisdesignedtovanishinyourpalmasyoureadonatrain.（搜索到了！书评的原句啊acumbersome/an解析：e-reader的特点是vanish，那么AC的书应该是其，所以不可能选evanescent或ephemeral，剩下的同义词只有BD。人类的各种peculiarities之一是规避风险（avoidriskgravitatetothepredicted，但不管这种因为什么原因,这不是不处理复杂事物的理由。1、Currentstudiesofearlymodernabsolution-rulebyone absoluteauthority-emphasizecontinualnegotiationsbetweenrulerandruled.Thesamerulerswhooftenstagedspectaculardisyofthemmightspentmuchoftheirtimearrangingdealsand opposition，negotiatingconstantlywithnoblesandothersforacceptanceoftheirrule.Theeffectivenessrulerwasnottheonewhobrusquelysubduedopponents，buttheonewhobothavoidedantagonizingthoseopponents，whocouldnotbeeasilysubduedandwhograduallyluredmostothersintohiscourtwithpoliticalappointments.TheruleofCosinoIDe‘Medici，asixteen-centurydukeofTuscany，exemplifiesthisstrategy.Beginningfromaweaksubduedposition，CosinobecameoneofEurope‘smostpowerfulrulers,foundingadynastythatlastedwellbeyondhislifetime.2、AttemptstoidentifyNewGuinea‘shunter-gathersfacethewell-knowndifficultyofdefiningwhatconstitutesahunter-gatherergroup.Accordingtothecommondefinition，hunter-gathersarethosewhosubsistbyhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringwildnts.Yet,thosecriteriabegnumerousquestions,includingtheissueofwhatconstitutes“wild”.Theverypresenceonalandscapeofhumanswhoareconsumersaffectsfoodresources,blurringthelinesbetweenwildanddomesticatedandcultivation.Moreover,itisunclearhowgroupsshouldbeclassifiedthatarehunter-gathersintheirprocurementstrategiesbutthatmakeuseofpastoralismandcultivationintheirconsumptionpatterns-subsisting,forexample,bytradingwildfoodstoneighborsinreturnfordomesticatedcrops.TounderstandtheancientMayanpeoplewholivedintheareathatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmericaandtheecologicaldifficultiestheyfaced,onemustfirstconsidertheirenvironment,whichwethinkofas“jungle"or“tropicalrain."Thisviewisinaccurate,andthereasonprovestobeimportant.Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropical."Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.Ifonefocusesonthewetmonths,onecallstheMayahomelanda"seasonaltropical";ifonefocusesonthedrymonths,onecouldinsteaddescribeitasa"seasonaldesert.”FromnorthtosouthintheYucatanPeninsula,wheretheMayalived,rainfallrangesfrom18to100inches(457to2,540millimeters)peryear,andthesoils ethicker,sothatthesouthernpeninsulawasagriculturallymoreproductiveandsupporteddenserpopulations.ButrainfallintheMayahomelandisunpredictablyvariablebetweenyears;somerecentyearshavehadthreeorfourtimesmorerainthanotheryears.Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.AlthoughsouthernMayaareasreceivedmorerainfallthannorthernWhilethatmadethingshardforancientMayalivinginthesouth,ithasalsomadethingshardformodemarchaeologistswhohavedifficultyunderstandingwhyancientdroughtscausedbiggerproblemsinthewetsouththaninthedrynorth.ThelikelyexnationisthatanareaofundergroundfreshwaterunderliestheYucatanPeninsula,butsurfaceelevationincreasesfromnorthtosouth,sothatasonemovessouththelandsurfaceliesincreasinglyhigherabovethewatertable.InthenorthernpeninsulatheelevationissufficientlylowthattheancientMayawereabletoreachthewatertableatdeepsinkholescalledcenotes,oratdeepcaves.Inlow-elevationnorthcoastalareaswithoutsinkholes,theMayawouldhavebeenabletogetdowntothewatertablebydiggingwellsupto75feet(22meters)deep.Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.HowdidthosedensesouthernMayapopulationsdealwiththeresultingwaterproblem?Itinitiallysurprisesusthatmanyoftheircitieswerenotbuiltnexttotheriversbutinsteadonhighterraininrollingunds.TheexnationisthattheMayaexcavateddepressions,ormodifiednaturaldepressions,andthenpluggedupleaksinthekarstbysteringthebottomsofthedepressionsinordertocreatereservoirs,whichcollectedrainfromlargesteredcatentbasinsandstoreditforuseinthedryseason.Forexample,reservoirsattheMayacityofTikalheldenoughwatertomeetthedrinkingwaterneedsofabout10,000peopleforaperiodof18months.AtthecityofCobatheMayabuiltdikesaroundalakeinordertoraiseitslevelandmaketheirwatersupplymorereliable.ButtheinhabitantsofTikalandothercitiesdependentonreservoirsfordrinkingwaterwouldstillhavebeenindeeptroubleif18monthspassedwithoutraininaprolongeddrought.Ashorterdroughtinwhichtheyexhaustedtheirstoredfoodsmightalreadyhavegottenthemindeeptrouble,becausegrowingcropsrequiredrainratherthanreservoirs.yzinglevelsofproportionalrepresentationofAmericannsinstateandlocalernmentjobsisimportantforseveralreasons.First,thebasicideaunderlyingthetheoryofrepresentativebureaucracyisthatthedemographiccompositionofbureaucracyshouldmirrorthedemographiccompositionofthegeneralpublic.Thisisbecauseinadditiontoitssymbolicvalue,increasedaccesstomanagerialpositionsmayleadtogreaterresponsivenessonthepartofmakerstotheinterestsoftraditionallydisadvantagedgroupssuchasAmericanns.Second,thefocusonhigher-leveljobsinbureaucracies(asopposedtononmanagerialpositions)isespeciallyimportantbecausemanagerialpositionsrepresentamajorsourceofeconomicprogressformembersoftraditionallydisadvantagedgroups,asthesejobsconfergoodsalaries,benefits,status,security,a