材料科学与基础英文词汇

材料科学基础重要概念（中英文）晶休学棊础岸怵学(crysfalloyr^iphy)片休生成学CcrysTMllD^cny)耳怵姑检学Ccrytallngy')界林化学(Grystallntli£uiifttrj,')片休结掏(crystalKtriicture^咋1/穡饮it(lattidctamslati(mivector')初圾'Y1-胞(primitivecell'、贞眸厲數；(lattiyeparanurtDT')对称变换(syiruinctT^traTiKlaticn1)主劝操fl：〔activeiipcraticm\円际符号m+cma.tionaltiotiiticwi3,U和称操竹■(puiTitsyrnnuctry□pcmrinii〕疑裕撫柞tnrtatitiriopc^iticni).:次疑转古土CtwK)-toldcLiEid)UU腹施转軸(four-foldtenad)銀像[miiTOT■iTnagc)对形关奚、(LuantionnLiTpliidrcltitii)n)反滔11JIVCTSKJD)韶■系(.crystal町wtem)」P斜晶裁1mciinti1inicsystem)回方晶系<j£7j'晶系)<tetragonalsystem)A厅晶査(hexagerna]syrfem)熊Al利斯符号(SchaciiflicsJicitiaticm)恒導操作(单位操作)(ixtentity)加传抽(t(rtationaxa?工按雄转址(three-foldaxe,triad)布则卫)T呼CBravaislattic：c)休4、It(HlyGcntcring)底上「化Chaseecntcring)恃殊心优(Kpccialtertrnng〉rVi商〔cTysta]plaTic\品{屮〕血折数(crystal—planeindier)晶帯(znnd)倒易空闻(ncciiTTOcalspace)酵考球(rcfbrcjicc呂phen;)经线Ckjngitadc3亦道平[tO{equatorplaned械网〔卩nlunctl结构畢元(mutif)卅怦几何学CgconLctTLcalGrystallograpliy\rVi休物理学Ccnystallogript^Kics)等同点(equivalentpoint')贞阵〔Lattice)初且讥曰*(jjnimtivetrarslaticmvcctui^复式初基单胞(inultiplE—primiti^cell)剤扇;元素(Eymmetryelement)別材聊(s^imiKtrygraiip)被功(passiveopmitkm)贞阵有jIS化Cucntcrin百oflattice)向•l"旷化(tacccjcntmng}11丫Ljfif心化(one-fkeEccnturin^、击*i问(crysta]d.irccti(?n)A抚旋转抽Csix-toldaxe,hesad)[th〔mirrorplane)同字CciHiyrLijcnt}加转反帕5rtatkin-jnvcTBitraj三余I■晶爰(.triclinicsptam)止交晶茂〔耒I方片茂)f□Ttho^nnalxyjitETn)'■/方晶理(.cubicsystem)菱方晶F；〔rhumbolicdinlsystcm)品l&l〔方IM〕折数Icrj'stal—dSnsetiHmindicc)rVi血族(iarmofcrystal-plane$倒易山阵frccipnjcallatticed槻射亦南投:膵Csttrcograpliicprejettion'?总考阿络{ncftrcTicejnid)缔线(LatitiiduJ矣氏网CWulffmet)标朮投襪网CsdsiTukiTTlprojcction；晶体结构品怵结樹(crystalKtructurc\蜡樹轴号〔jitructLircsymbol)鲍林坯则(Pauling'KtuJc^氧+t物姑掬(uxidD!3tniCllUE)致密度(空间填充效率)(C伍cicncyofspacefilling)配位数(coordinationnumber)配位莎面体(coordinationpolyhcdra)拓扑密堆相(topologicallyclose-packedphase)金属晶休(metalcrystal)离子晶休(ioniccrystal)共价晶休(covalentcrystal)分子晶体(molecularcrystal)原子半径和离予半径(atomicradiusandionicradius)原子给构体积(vollimeofstructureperatom)体密度(volumetricdensity,pv)[tri密度(planardensity^pP)线密度<lineardensity,pl)金刚石结构(diamondstructtirc)纳米碳管(carbonimnotube)直换同溶体(substitutionalsolidsolution)填隙同溶体CintcTStitialsolids.olution)尺、JI大I素(sizeiketor)价电子浓鹿(valanceelectronconcentration)电子化合物〔electroncompound)间原化合物Ctnterstirialcompound)尺寸I大I素化合物〈sizc-fhctorcompound〉Laves相(Lavesphase)。相phase)岩盐结构(rockwtructurc)纤维锌矿结构(wurtzitcstructure)闪锌矿结构(zincblendestructure)尖晶石结构(spinelstructure)a-AinOj型结构(comndumstructure)金红石纟专构(Turtlestructure)萤石结构(fluoTitcstriictiirC钙钛矿结构〈pcrowkitcstructure》tk饮矿纟吉构(ilmenitestructure)氮化链结构〈cesiumchloridestructure)硅酸盐(silicate)懺状硅酸盐(cliainsilicate)层状硅酸盐(phylloEilioitc)岛状硅段盐(inlands-ilicatc)骨架结构(frameworkstructiirc)镂橄横石给构(fi)rstcritcstructure)辉石(picrite)粘土矿(cluymineral)高岭石(kaolinite)云母(mica)石英(quartz)鳞石英(tridymite)方石英〔cristobalite)钙长石(anorthite)分子筛(moleculesift)同素丹拘性(Mlotropy)多形性(polymorphism)有序同溶休(超结构)[orderedsolidsolution(superlattice)]长程有序参数(long-rangeorderpaTanictcr)准晶Cquasicr}rs.tal)觀岁斯拼砌(Penrosetiling)短程有序参数(shot-rangeorderparameter)不完整性不完整性(imperfection)点缺陷Ipointimperfection、空位(vacancy)白问隙原子Cself-interstitial)构型爛(configurationentropy")肖脱基缺陷(Schottkydefect)弗兰克缺陷(Frenkeldefbet)内禀点缺陷(intrinsicpointdefect)#嚥点缺陷(extrinsicpointdefect)线缺陷(lineimpcrfcction)位措(dislocation)晶体缺陷向错(disclination)沃伶拉过程(Voltcrra'sprocess)刃型位错(edgedislocation-)嫖型位钳(screwdislocation)混台型位锚(mixeddislocation)柏氏回路(Burgerscircuit)柏氏矢绘(Burgersvector)位错环(dislocationloop)位错密度(dislocationdensity)位错的弾性能(clasticenergyofdislocation)位错线张力(tensionofdislocation)位•错宽度(widthofdislocation)保守运动(conservativemotion)非保守运动(门onxmecrvati、©motion)滑移Sp)滑动(glissile)攀移(climb)自力(self-force)潘透力(osmoticfoTcc>映像力(iiTiagcforce)弯结(kink)割阶(jog)柯垂尔气体CCottrellatmosphere)史诺克邑体〈Snockatmosphere)弗兰克•瑞德位错源(Fnmk-Rudsource)B・H位锚源(Bsndccn-Herringsource)位错璧积群(dislocationpile-upgroup)全位错(perfectdislocation)堆垛层错(stackingikult)部分为错或不仝位错(partialdislocation)内票层错(intrinsicfault)表面能(surfaceenergy)晶界(grainboundary)小介度晶界Gowanglcgrainboundary>A角度晶界(highanglegrainboundary*倾转晶界(tiltboundary〉扭转晶界(twistboundary)相界(phaseboundary)层锚矢屋(faultvector)外延层错(extrinsicfault)层锚能(stackingfaultenergy)肖克莱部分为错(Shockleypartialdislocation)铃木气团(Suziikiatmosphere)弗兰克位错(Frankpartialdislocation)扩展位锚(extendeddislocation)IK杆位错(stair-rodpartialdislocation)Lomcr-Cottrcll位锚(.Lomcr-Cottrclldislocation)L・C阻塞(L-CLock)赫斯阻室(Hirthlock)分位错Cfractionaldislocation)超点阵Cs.iiperlattice)反相畴(Antiphasedomain}反相隊界(Antipliascboundary,APB)超位错Cs-upcr-dislocation)弗兰克■纳巴罗回豁CFrank-Nabanocircuit)向错弼度(disclinationstrength)条纹织构(schlicrcntexture)适@0(matching)共格晶#(coherentboundary)#共格晶yr(incohcrcntboundary)晶界迁移冷(grainboundarymobility)取向关系(orienUtionrelationship)气泡(gssbabble)空洞gid)扩散不可逆过程(irreversibleprocess)扩散(difliision)唯兹糸数〔phenomenologicalcoefficient)挤列结拘(crowdionconfiguration)空位机制(vacancymechanism)扩散流绘Ctlux)实验参考系Claboratorjrreferenceframe)菲克第一定律(Fick'sfimlaw)扩散垂数(dHhisioncoefficient)互扩散系数(mutualdiffusioncoefficient)稳态护散(steadystatediffusion)Malano平闻(Mata.nointerface)同位素<isotope)扩散偶■(diffusioncouple)传质过程(masstransport)扩散距离■(diffusiondistance)间隙机制(interstitialmechanism)哑铃结构<dumbbellsplitconfiguration)换位机制(exchangemcclianisn)参考系(referenceframe)贞阵参考系〔1atticcreferenceframe)」匸克第二定彳聿(Fick^ssecondlaw)窠性扩散系数(intrinsicdiffu^ioncoefficient)自扩散系数〔sclf-diffusioncocflicioit)Kirkendall效应(Kirkendalleffect)热力学因子Cthcmx>dyTia.Tnicfactor)示踪物(tUKxr)戻差函数■(cnorfunction)亚穽兰亚穽兰<dunimy^有很差分〔finite-diffcrcncic)毬断惧差Ctnuicatioiicrtur｝朽黄系数(cinTclaticjntactcr)依护散｛voliiTncdiffusion')位當护战CJislncatitTndittliftion)迁移率(mobility;数tfl^r'fi<muncricalmcthcid?收窕t性(ccmvcT^gDiiccJ舍入岂差(.muiid-offEiTcir')帝护数率通道^high-diffiisn'itypitlo?萨-井护散<graiiibomidary )我店扩散■(surlii-ccdiffLisitm｝淒瑾率(pcmKMbilityj凝固分配垂数Qpurritifflicocfticicmt^区域提純Cznnc-ncfiningJOB晶的良.成Ccelltbn™titwi、.咆捉树执晶(cclhil町业ndrit"社氓树枝晶C-cclunmitiTdEiidritc)共晶凝庵〔cutcirticstihdificatitrn)旦品凝|亢(peritecticsolitlificaticyn^偏析(segTP孚tion)熔算(tiisionweldingJ打上述凝|古，〔ra.pidsolidiikario11jtuccss)连睦祷造〔芒HiitinLiuitsea«rii乌J树枝狀城微偏护【dtndriticmieresegregation)I!'■平衡杠杆定律〔nou^M|i£ilibrimn1cvcinig〕爼廿过冷iiKtitLiiicTialsiqjcrcoolinu)胞机粗臥Ccdlulai-itTrcliiir).枝鼎血rydcndiitc.)—袂支晶〔pnmaiydendrite)枝品偏析tdendritescgr-cg^tiera)丽共晶令■主(hypotutccticalldj)过共晶修全(hypcruMtcctiealley)片状(laTncllai)捧状(「口(1-味匚)共品I蝕域｛cutcchct：nloily)伪共M(pscucio-cuiccric)离■卄共冷<divorced<utcutic)激冷区(chilleliticD柱状晶底｛coliuTinajzvsnu/等轴晶区cquiax^dzlttici)收縮晶区<shriitkagccavity)疏松tparqSity>IL令屆羽-朵购non-metallicincluKioE)熔池(weldptK)l)幄件区(ccmpo^itcregim)热笏响区(hcat-atiooted.ztwie)JfEchanic£lpropertie^JfEchanic£lpropertie^：丈学性老Electrictlproperties：电性能材料科学基础名称与术语_ 第一章绪论:金禹ceranic:陶養polim=r:娶合韧Compo^iteB:复合材#斗Seidlconductors：竺寻体Eion^terials：主轴对料Processing:加工过程Structure:组织结构PrapertiES:■4质Performance：ft用性能Thermalkehayior:热性能Jf£gne:icproperties：磁性能Opticalproperties:光性能[Eterior£tiv='：haiacteristics：老化持咗材料科学塞础专业词汇:第一盍晶钵^轴原子屢爺单位廉子蚤共价毅电子杓荃王电•的jVramic:massunitlamj)Acomic喜记i曲工B□nding亡tisr密Covaldflrbond亡lexcronic.匚onfiguradanEleccroposidveHydiogtnbond原子屢爺单位廉子蚤共价毅电子杓荃王电•的jVramic:massunitlamj)Acomic喜记i曲工B□nding亡tisr密Covaldflrbond亡lexcronic.匚onfiguradanEleccroposidveHydiogtnbondIsorope^fole同位盍泡利不相客斥理Paulie^dusionprinciple原子禺子量点群备角异性acommoleculeweig^rQuariTumriumbeivanderTx-axsbondpoinrgrouJaOLsocropy依心立方建构布拄格定律晶体殖构晶体的&口迅丫■匚en.eeredeuIdl匚〔BC(2；ibraggrslawciyscilstmcmrc匚rysciLlline原于救直尔矗子谟荃分子的构型贡电的基态金為羹元言周期表分子槻性芬子价电子抵子航進承子堆积因我旬心立方姑杓晶系土口血匚aumbcrEohratomicmodelCou-ombi匚force：male匚口1耳工coflfiguradonElc,ezron亡girivuGround.$xar亡Ionicband5fers.lli匚bondF亡rioidiccablemoleculePolarmolecule兌il亡a匚eelectionei&cEronorbiicaJsymEnecrvelemenrsJli［口mi匚packingfatcor且p巧face-cenrexddcubic(TCQ□□oidinadotl:Timbercrysealsy^remdiffmc:cion中子荷射neucronidiffracriongrainboundan-电子衍射六专密堆税魏秫规则Pauling^srulesZ山1型览构CsCl型量杓CaesiumChloridescrucnire闪锌矿產纯杓纤蟀事羣纯杓^X'ureziresnuexur亡金虹石產纯杓萤石產飪杓Fluoncescruccure钙钛矿產纯杓尖.晶石型览构Spinel-u^pegimi匚nire硅酸生铤杓岛状甦构Islandsrm匚口1『匕挫状甦鞠层状尅构Layereit□匚mre架状甦拘滑石rale叶蜡石高峻石kaolinice石英feldspar羡徹迸启各向同性的isocropi匚各向异雀的1aurice晶搭參数密勒指監millerindices非甦晶的多岛的polycn_scalline多岛形草鬲singlecrystal聶胞电注eleccronscares他合）价eleccrondiffra匚d□匚1Chainsem匚cur亡Frame^-orksrrii匚uirepygplhylliewal亡口匚亡Peiovskice-^■pes^ni匚cureScru匚mreofsilicar&shexagonalcloss-packedi^iCP)anisocropylacd匚匕parametersnon匚rysollinepolymorphismunic匚亡11quarczforsrfcriie：NaCl—rypescrucnireBl^nde-n'pesxruc:cureKudiescru匚cur己电子electrons共价谴covalentbondingmcralLcbonding离子逹Ionicbonding极性分于polarmolecules原于宜密皮atomicplanzrcensin-衍采角diffractionan^e合金allor注废，磊汪大小grainsize显徴乞初microscrucuirc显徳毅相photomicrograph扌刁亲电子显黴餞scanning 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