滚针轴承知识101(中)

BearingChoicesandDrawnCupAdvantages轴承选用和冲压圈轴承优点Applications应用Stress应力ImportantDrawnCupCharacteristics冲压圈的重要特性BoreProfile孔轮廓AFOD–ShapeandSize自由平均外径–外形和尺寸RollerRelief滚针卸荷BoreSize–DiametralClearanceandtheApplication孔尺寸–径向游隙和应用AGENDA议程BASICFUNCTIONOFBEARINGS

轴承的基本功能

Thebasicfunctionofbearingsistosupporta

load,whileallowing

motion

tooccurwith

reducedfriction.轴承的的基本功能是承受载荷,并在运动时降低磨擦力。BearingChoices轴承的选用Whatbearingchoicesdocustomershave?客户如何选用轴承?BallBearing球轴承Bore-1.00”OD-2.00”Width-.375”Capacity-2500lbfS10KBore-1.00”OD-1.50”Width-.750”Capacity-3870lbfHJ-162412MachineRaceBearing实体圈滚动轴承Bore-1.00”OD-1.25”Width-.750”Capacity-2710lbfJ-1612DrawnCupBearing冲压圈轴承Bore-1.00”OD-1.25”Width-.750”Capacity-7790lbfLooseRollerComplement滚针组件DrawnCupFeatures冲压圈轴承持性Advantages优点Thincrosssection薄壁Maximumload-carryingcapability最大的承载实力Minimumspacerequired最小的空间须要Installationincorporatingapressfit过盈压配安装Fullcomplementdesignformaximumcapacity满滚针设计供应了最大承载实力Cageddesignforhigherspeedsandluberetention带保持持设计供应了高速和润滑许久Morecosteffectivethananygroundproducts比磨加工产品成本低SizeRange尺寸范围Inch英制:孔1/8in.-5-1/2in.boreMetric公制:孔3mm-60mmboreApplications应用-HydraulicGearpumps液压齿轮泵(B-88,B-86)-AutomaticBrakingSystems自动制动（刹车）系统(DBA-66406)-Automotiveairconditioningcompressors汽车空调压缩机(DB-66391)-PowerTools动力工具(B-bearings)-Automatictransmissions汽车变速箱(FJ-4516)-Starters&Alternators起动器及沟通发电机(JTT-XXX,HK-0608E)-Steeringcolumnuniversaljoints转向柱万向节(DD-64056,DB-59500-2)-PushrodengineRockerarmsPushrod发动机摇臂(CDCA-65291)-18Wheelermileagecounter18Wheeler里程计数器(JP-23F)-WheelBearings轮用轴承(DB-67309)Transmissions变速箱AutomaticPumpShaftSupport汽车泵轴支承ManualFWD手动前轮驱动ABSBearingsABS轴承Axialdisplacementofbearingiscreatedbyeccentricallygroundshaftofelectricmotor电机马达转动轴的偏心部分造成轴承的径向位移PumppistonsareincontactwithODofcup汽缸活塞与轴承外径相连接RockerArms摇臂WhatKeyFeaturesMakeaBearingAbletoSustainLoading?使轴承承受载荷的关键特性?Abilitytosupportloadisbasedon承受载荷的实力基于:ContactSurfacearea/Stress接触表面积/应力BoreProfile孔轮廓RollerProfile滚子轮廓Roller/BoreRoundness孔/滚子圆度HardnessofLoadBearingComponents轴承零件承载的硬度Shaft轴Rollers滚子Cup冲压圈Housing座HousingPressFit&Sizing/RoundingofBearing壳体压协作及轴承的尺寸/圆度Stress&SurfaceArea

表面及表面应力Stress应力=Force

压力Area面积=BearingLoad轴承载荷BearingSurfaceArea轴承承载面积TheLowertheBearingSurfaceareatheHigherThestress.轴承承载表面积越小表面应力越高。TheHighertheStress,theLowertheLife应力越高，寿命越低。BoreProfileandRollerProfileareKeyProductCharacteristicsWhichHaveaDirectEffectonBearingSurfaceAreaandtheResultingStress孔和滚子的轮廓是干脆影响表面积和应力的关键产品特性。TargetBoreProfile志向孔的轮廓Bearingracewaysshouldbeflattoconvex(crowned)Aftercurling在弯边后轴承滚道应当平直或凸起 -Concavityshouldbeavoided避开凹面CupRacewaysConditionsofMaximumDiametralClearance

最大径向游隙的条件maxDC=maxinstalledbearingbore-minshaftmaxinstalledbearingbore=maxboreinaring+(maxhousingbore-ring)maxDC=maxboreinaring+(maxhousingbore-ring)-minshaftExample:B-910FromtheCatalog:Shaft=.5625”/.5620” Housing=.7505”/.7495” RingGage=.7505” BoreinaRing=.5649”/.5640”maxDC=.5649”+(.7505”-.7505”)-.5620”=.0029”*maxDCoccurswhenthebearingisinthemaxhousing 轴承座孔最大时出现最大径向游隙ConditionsofMinimumDiametralClearance最小径向游隙的条件minDC=mininstalledbearingbore-maxshaftmininstalledbearingbore=minboreinaring+(minhousingbore-ring)minDC=minboreinaring+(minhousingbore-ring)-maxshaftExample:B-910FromtheCatalog:Shaft=.5625”/.5620” Housing=.7505”/.7495” RingGage=.7505” BoreinaRing=.5649”/.5640”minDC=.5640”+(.7495”-.7505”)-.5625”=.0005”*minDCoccurswhenthebearingisintheminhousing

轴承座孔最小时出现最小径向游隙LoadCentered

Over

Bearing向心负载“0”SLOPE“0”倾斜ApplicationLoading&Slope应用负载和倾斜GearBearingShaftShaftLoadOffCenterAwayfromBearing偏心负载SlopeCondition倾斜条件-Housing&ShaftarenotAligned座和心轴不对正-NeedforReliefonRollerstoavoidhighstress&earlyfailure带卸荷滚针避开早期失效BearingHardness

轴承硬度 -Cups

are

case

hardened冲压圈表层硬化 -TypicalCup“A”wall典型冲压圈“A”型壁61HRcMinSurfaceHardness表面硬度最小61HRc20-40HRcCoreHardness心部硬度20-40HRcDepthto50HRcpointdefinesCaseDepth到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度(Approximately.004”min)（约0.1mm）HardnessProfile-CupCross-Section

硬度轮廓-冲压圈截面Depthto50HRCdefinesCaseDepth到HRc50点的深度定义为硬化层（渗碳层）深度~.030”“A”wall61HRC50HRC20HRCHARDNESSHardness&StrengthCurve

硬度及应力曲线

-Usedtoevaluatehardnessprofiles&Customerapplications常用于评估硬度轮廓及客户应用LIFEVSHARDNESS寿命对硬度%LifeRetainedHardnessHRCLIFEADJUSTMENTFACTORS寿命校对因素HousingPressFit&BearingSizing压协作及轴承尺寸StandardCatalogBearingsaredesignedwithdifferentrangesofinterferenceorpressfit.标准轴承有不同的过盈或压协作Small(<.500”O.D.) =.0005”-.002”Medium =.0008”-.0028”Large =.0012”-0044”**TheseinterferencesarethedifferencebetweenthebearingAverageFreeO.D.Hardandthecataloghousingdiameter.过盈干涉是轴承（硬圈的）平均自由外径和标准座直径之差Bearingsareoutofroundanddependonthehousing&pressfittoRoundthebearingup,Holdthebearinginthehousing,&Sizethebearingdown.轴承不圆，靠座孔及压协作整圆和夹持轴承，轴承尺寸减小。AFOD

TAPER

平均自由外径锥度LackofInterferencecancomefrom:过盈不足可能是由于-O.D.taper外径锥度-O.D.HardUndersize（硬圈）外径偏小-Bulge@Curl弯边突起ThisCanleadto:可能会导致：-Bearingswalkinginhousing轴承在座里滑动-Bearingnotroundingup轴承不圆-EarlyfailureatCustomer

早期失效Customer’sHousing&Shaft

客户的座和心轴TheCustomer’sHousing&ShaftplayamajorRoleinthefunctionofourBearings.客户的座和心轴在轴承功能上扮演着重要角色BearingTakestheShapeoftheHousing轴承复制座孔的外形Housingmustcarrytheloadwithoutdeformingorcracking座必需不因承受载荷而发生变形或裂开Theshafthasthehigheststress&shouldhaveanequalorgreaterhardnessandstructure心轴承受高的压力，应当有相当的或更高的硬度或组织结构Mostproblemsseenatthecustomerresultfrominstallationdamageorimproperinstallation.在顾客那里看到的多数问题是安装损坏或由不正确安装产生NoleadinonHousingorshaft座和轴无引导安装Incorrectinstallationtoolsortechniques不正确的安装工具和方法Manufacturing

制造NeedtoContinuetoImprove&UnderstandourProcesses必需持续改善和了解我们的工艺HardAverageFreeO.D.&O.D.tapertoensureapressfitatt