八年级上册英语语法总结与测试题

动词.动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和神态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一，下边依据动词的特色进行归类,并供给一些鉴别方法,以便于理解和掌握。行为动词在动词中数目最多，它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词)，表示动作或状态，在句中能够独自作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后边一定加宾语，意义才完好，不及物动词后边不可以直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。eg:WestudyEnglishveryhard。Shehasabookinherhand.Thesunrisesintheeast.连系动词自己有必定词义，但不可以独立作谓语，一定与表语一同组成谓语，常有的连系动词有：be，look,sound,get,become等。eg:Myparentsarebothfarmers.Themilktastesterrible。Thesongsoundsgood.助动词自己无词义，不可以独立作谓语，一定和主要动词组成谓语，表示疑问，否认，时态或其余语法形式。常有的助动词有：be，have，do，will,shall等。eg：Doyouhaveabrother?HaveyougotanEnglish—Chinesedictionary？Ididn’tgotothecinemayesterday。神态动词自己有词义,但不可以独立作谓语,只好和主要动词一同组成谓语，表示说话者的语气和神态，神态动词没有人称和数的变化,神态动词自己能够组成疑问和否认，常有的神态动词有：can，may，must,will,shall,need等。eg:CanyousingtheEnglishsong?Everyonemustgettoschoolontime.二.动词的时态:（一）时态概括：作谓语的动词用来表示动作(状况）发生时间的各样形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是经过特别的动词词尾或加一些有关的助动词be，havehas）等,用来表示动作或事件发生的不一样时间和方面.eg：Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.Hereadthenewspaperyesterday。Heisgoingtoreadthenewspapertomorrow。（二）一般此刻时:1。动词变化:一般此刻时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾—s,此外be和have有特别的人称形式。在加词尾-s时要注意:状况加法例词一般状况加—sreads,writes,says以ch,sh，s，x，或o扫尾的词加—esteaches，washes，guesses,fixes,goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estry－triescarry－carries读音：状况读法例词在［p][t][k］［f]等清辅音后〔s〕helps,hates,asks，laughs在［s]［z][］［t]［d3］等音后〔iz〕faces，rises,wishes,watches，urges在其余状况下〔z〕plans，cries，shows2。一般此刻时主要表示：（1）常常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用:always，often,usually，sometimes等eg：Wealwayshelpeachother.Itoftensnowsinwinter.Igetupearlyeverymorning。（2）表示主语此刻的特色、性格、能力等。eg：Helovessports。Janeisanoutgoinggirl.TomandTimbothhavemediumheight.（3)表示客观、广泛真谛eg：Twoandfourmakessix.Waterboilsat100℃Themoonmovesroundtheearth.3。一般此刻时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do,does的方式组成.第三人称单数加does，其余加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只要与主语地点对换就行了。eg：DoyoulikeEnglish？Dotheyhavestorybooks?Whatdoesshedoeveryevening?Issheathome？AreyougoodatEnglish?一般此刻时的否认式是donot（don’t）或doesnot（doesn’t）＋动词原形来组成的,be动词做谓语动词只要在be后加not组成否认。eg:Idon’tlikeorangesatall.Shedoesn’tworkintheTVstation.Theyaren’tstudents.I’mnotbusyeveryweekend.三.此刻进行时：1。动词变化：此刻进行时由“am/is/are＋动词此刻分词"组成。加—ing的规则以下：（1）一般在动词原形末端加-ing。如:stay－stayingdo－doinglisten－listening

suffer－sufferingwork－working

spend－spendinglook－looking（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e，再加—ing。如：make－making

take－takinggive－giving

ride－ridingplease－pleasing

refuse－refusingclose－closing

operate－operating（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母,再加—ing。如:put－puttingsit－sittingrun－runningwin－winningbegin－beginning此刻进行时的用法1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时能够不用时间状语，也能够和now，atpresent，atthemoment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看)，listen（听).eg:Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom。（2)表示目前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.eg：Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays。Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.（3）表示近来按计划或安排要进行的动作。此刻进行时有时可表示一个在近来按计划或安排要进行的动作,即能够用来取代未来时。eg:Whenareyouleaving

？AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow

？3。此刻进行时的否认句和疑问句比较简单。否认句在加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。eg：Iamnotworking。Whatareyoureadingnow？Howareyoufeelingtoday?Thetrainisn’tarrivingsoon。

be（am,is,are

）后边.一般过去时：动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。组成规则原形过去式一般在动词末端加—edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末端加—dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末端只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加—edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加—edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否认式疑问式否认疑问式简单回答Ididnotwork。DidIwork？DidInotwork?Yes，youdid。No，youdidn’t。Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork？Didyounotwork?Yes,Idid。No,Ididnt.’He/She/Itdidnotwork.Didhe/she/itwork?Didhe/she/itnotwork?Yes,he/she/it/did。No，he/she/itdidn。’tWedidnotwork。Didwework？Didwenotwork?Yes，youdid.No,youdidn。’tYoudidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork？Yes,wedid.No,wedidn。’tTheydidnotwork.Didtheywork？Didyoutheynotwork？Yes,theydid.No，theydidn't.2.一般过去时的基本用法:(1）带有确立的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg:yesterday,lastyear，justnow,twodaysago,intheolddays等）eg:Heleftjustnow.LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning？（2）表示过去某一段时间内常常或频频发生的动作，这常常和表示频度的状语连用.eg：Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.五。begoingto表示一般未来1。用法：表示此刻打算在近来或未来要做的事，或表示说话人依据已有的迹象以为很有可能要发生的事情,be跟着人称的变化变为（am，is,are)eg:Wearegoingtohaveanewsubjectthisyear.It’sgoingtorainthisafternoon。I’mgoingtobeapilotwhenIgrowup.2。begoingto的否认句在be动词后加上not;begoingto动词移到主语前.

的疑问句把

beeg:Heisn’tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow。I'mnotgoingtotellyouaboutit。Who’sgoingtouseit?Isyoursistergoingtobringyourlunch？WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday.【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）一.改错：例1：Therosedarkred.→Theroseisdarkred.1。Heverylikesswimming。2。Hecanhelpsyou.3。Wehaven’tagoodtime。4.Whatareyoudoafterschooleveryday?5。SometimesIlistenmusic.sometimesIplayoutside.6。Thefishsmellsnotgood。7。Weshouldbuysomechicken。Therearelittleleft。8。Therehavemanybirdsinthesky.Mymother’sglassesisbroken。Apairofshoesarenearlyonethousand.。Whatcolourareherhair？12.Doeshehishomework?13。A：Doyoulikeyourclass？Yes.Ilike。HealwaysdohisshoppingonFridayevening.15。IverysorryIforgotyourbirthday。16。Ihavenobrotherandsister。.连词组句：1。listen，morning，the，to，I，radio,the,in,often2。of，men,nurses,good，sick,hospital，care,in,take,the3。weekdays，he,the，goes,cinema，never，during，the，puter,got,new,you，a,have?weekends，he，rest,does，a，got，have，on?good,LiMing，do，and,often,Ideedsmuseum,they，the,often,science，visit,how，do?8。the,in，any,there，kitchen，food,is？9。homework，does,day,when，Tom,his,every，where，and,do？10.a，there,vegetables，many,but，apples,aren，’tlot，there,of,are,there三。用括号里的动词的适合形式填空：1.There（be）______someglassesonit。2。He（go)______totheparkeveryday。3。Myuncle（live）______inNanjingnow.4。______LucyandLily(like）______China?5。LiLei（notlike）______todrinkorangesoda.6。Thegirl(go)______homeat4：30intheafternoon.7。______Kate（speak）______French？Yes，shedoes。Jim（notride）______hisbikeoften。Ifhe(be）______freetomorrow，he(go)______withus.10。Assoonasthey（get）______therenextmonth,he（call)______me.11。______LiMing’sfather（have）______hislunchathome？12.Tom（notdo）______themorningexercisesoften.13.I(be)______hungryandmysister（be）______thirsty。14。Thebaby（have）______curlyhair。15.Everybody（have）______achancetowin。16.I（clean）______myroomonceaweek。17.Nobody（tell）______themanything。18。There（be）______alotofchickenontheplate。19。Mr.Li（teach）______thesecondgrade.20.Theboy(watch）______TVeveryevening。21。Mary（play）______theviolinquitewell。22。David(study)______ChineseandI（study）______English.23。Thegame（be)______interesting.24。Manychildren（be）______ontheplayground.25。He（have）_______agoodtimeatyourparty。26。I（have）______anewbicycle。四.用所给词的适合形式填空：1。Tomandhisfather______（swim）now。2.Look!They______（run）alongthestreet。3。We______（practice）hardthesedaysbecausewewillhaveabigmatchnextmonth.4.What______he______(do)atnineo’clocklastnight?5。They______(listen）tothemusicatthattime.6。Whentheheadmastercamein，thestudents______（read)thetext.7.We______(watch）TVwhensuddenlythetelephonerang.8.She______(make）thepaperflowersthewholenight。9。A：_______you______（studying）English？B：Yes，Iam.10.Let’sgoout。It______（notrain)now.11。Hurryup!Everybody______（wait）foryou。12。A:______（you/listen）totheradio?B:No,Youcanturnitoff.13.I______（watch）TVatseveno’clockyesterdayevening。14.A:What______(you/look）for?B：I______(look）formywallet。Thereissomethingimportantinit.15.Look。It______（rain）hard。We’llgetwetifwegoout。五。选词填空：（一）选词填空:1。I______（am，is,was，were）busylastweek。2.TomandI______（am，are,was，were)lateforschoolyesterday.3。I______（walk,walks,walked,walking）toschooltheotherday。4。Rose______(doesnot，didn't,hasbeen,hasto)visitherunclethemonthbeforelast（month）There______(is，was，are，were)alotofpeopleinthisvillagetenyearsago.Mother______（am,is,was，were）illinbedlastnight.7。It______（rain,rains,rained，raining）alotlastyear。(二）用括号中动词的适合形式填空：MyuncleinLondon______(send）abirthdaypresenttomeyesterday.2。When______(be)youborn?3.Assoonashearrivedinthecountry，he______（phone）me.4。WhenI______（knock）athisdoor，hewascooking。5.WewerewatchingTVwhenthelight______(go）out。Hesaidhe______（notlike)mathsatall.（三）用括当的词达成以下句子。1.______youmakethiscakelastnight？Yes.Idid.I_______itforyou.2.DidTom_______homeatfiveyesterday？No,he_______。Hecamehomeatsix.3.What_______you_______atthestore？Iboughtacamera。4。Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes，I_______。5。Wheredidyoucatchthefish?I_______itintherivernearmyhouse。六。达成以下句子:1。你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。What_____you___________________whenyou_____________?I’m______to_______a______________。你哥哥长大了打算当什么?他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。What_____yourbrother____________________whenhe_____________?He’s_____to______a________________player.3.你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。_____areyou______________________that?I’m___________________computer_______。4。你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每日练篮球._____isyourbrother_______________？5.He’s____________________basketballeveryday。她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。______she______________________some______lessonsYes，she________.

？【试题答案】1。Helikesswimming。2.Hecanhelpyou。3。Wedon’thaveagoodtime。4.Whatdoyoudoafterschooleveryday？5。SometimesIlistentomusic,sometimesIplayoutside。6。Thefishdoesn’tsmellgood。Weshouldbuysomechicken.Thereislittleleft.Therearemanybirdsinthesky.9。Mymother’sglassesarebroken.10.Apairofshoesisnearlyonethousand.11.Ifhedoesn’tfeelwellwillhgotovisittheHistoryMuseum。12。Whatcolourisherhair?Doeshedohishomework?A：Doyoulikeyourclass?Yes。Ido。15.HealwaysdoeshisshoppingonFridayevening。16。IamsorryIforgotyourbirthday。二。1。Ioftenlistentotheradiointhemorning。Nursestakegoodcareofsickmeninthehospital.Henevergoestothecinemaduringtheweekdays.4.Haveyougotanewcomputer？5.Doeshehavearestonweekends？6。LiMingandIoftendogooddeeds.7.Howo