2021下半年教师资格《初中英语学科知识与教学能力》黑钻押题4

2021下半年教师资格《初中英语学科知识与教学能力》黑钻押题4卷面总分：33分答题时间：240分钟试卷题量：33题练习次数：6次

单选题（共30题，共30分）

1.As[k]intheword“came”and[g]intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish，theyare_______．

A.sounds

B.phonemes

C.allophones

D.varieties

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：[k]和[g]都是音位，它们构成音位对立。

2.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety，which________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults，althoughphysicallytheyaremature．

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.rejects

D.denies

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：deprive“剥夺，使丧失”；restrict“限制，约束”；reject“拒绝”；deny“否认”。句意：一些青少年普遍隐藏着对社会的憎恨，因为尽管他们身体已经发育成熟，但是社会没有赋予他们成人的权利和特权。

3.AllofthefollowingunderlinedletterswillmakealossofplosiveEXCEPT___________．

A.frighten

B.doctor

C.candle

D.lollipop

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：选项A中爆破音[t]后为鼻音[n]，因此失去爆破。选项B中两个爆破音[k][t]相邻，第一个爆破音失去爆破。选项c中爆破音[d]后为边音[l]，因此失去爆破。故选D。

4.ViewerscontinuetowatchTV___________theycomplainaboutthequalityoftheprogramming．

A.eventhough

B.asif

C.aslongas

D.unless

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：eventhough“即使”；asif“好像，仿佛”；aslongas“只要”；unless“除非”。句意：即使观众们抱怨电视节目的质量，可他们还是继续看电视。

5.Asforthewinter，itisinconvenienttobecold，withmostof________furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn．

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.such

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：what引导的从句作of的宾语，“with+mostofwhat从句+saved…”构成独立分词结构，作原因状语。whatfurnacefuelisallowed相当于thefurnacefuelwhichisallowed。句意：至于冬天，天气很冷，生活很不方便，因此要把配给的大部分锅炉燃料节省下来，留着黎明时使用。

6._______millionsofpeoplefromruralareascontinuetofloodintolargecities，whitecollarsareretreatingtosmallercities，insearchofarelaxedlifestyle．

A.While

B.When

C.As

D.If

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：句意：成千上万来自农村的人继续涌进大城市，然而白领却正在撤往小城市，寻找一种休闲的生活方式。句意之间为转折关系，故选A。

7.-DoyouthinkthattheLaborBillwillbepassed?

-Oh，yes．It’s___________thatitwill．

A.almostsurely

B.verylikely

C.nearpositive

D.quitecertainly

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：这里likely是形容词，作表语。句意：——你认为这个《劳工法案》会不会通过——喔，当然，它很可能会通过。

8.Ithinktheboss，ratherthantheworkers，_______toblameforthefirethatcausedsomanydeaths．

A.are

B.were

C.was

D.tobe

正确答案：C

您的答案：

本题解析：考查主谓一致。ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上和前面的词保持一致。本句中前一个主语boss是单数，故选C。

9.Theheadofthephrase“thelovelyhouse”is________．

A.thehouse

B.house

C.lovely

D.thelovelyhouse

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：名词短语thelovelyhouse中，the和lovely都是修饰house的，因此house为中心词。

10.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice________.

A.nottodo

B.notto

C.notdo

D.donot

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：短语asksb．nottodosth．的被动式为sb．beaskednottodosth．其中do即为前文的park，故省略，仅保留不定式符号to，选B。句意：这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。

11.WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOThaveasuffix?

A.Northward

B.Snowy

C.Happy

D.Worker

正确答案：C

您的答案：

本题解析：northward的后缀为-ward；snowy的后缀为-y；worker的后缀为-er。

12.AccordingtoF．deSaussure，________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity．

A.parole

B.performance

C.langue

D.language

正确答案：C

您的答案：

本题解析：语言（langue）是社会成员共有的一套抽象的语言系统。

13.Pragmaticsisparticularlyinterestedintherelationshipbetween_______andthecontextinwhichtheyareused．

A.words

B.phrases

C.situations

D.sentences

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：语用学主要研究交际中语言的使用，尤其是句子与语境之间的关系。

14.Spokenlanguageis________．

A.sometimesproducedinincompletesentences

B.producedwithcorrectgrammarandgoodorganization

C.generallyproducedincomplicatedsentencestructures

D.generallyproducedinmoreformal，moreprecise，lesscommonvocabulary

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：口语是一种非正式的语言形式，可能会出现不完整的句子，也可能会出现语法错误。口语交际不强调运用语言的准确性，而强调语言运用的流畅性和表意性。

15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsexplainsonebenefitofinductivegrammarteaching?

A.Beingtime-saving

B.Studentsbeingactivelyinvolvedinlearning

C.Studentslearningfromclearrules

D.Fullandaccurateexplanations

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：归纳法语法教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使学生积极参加学习活动。

16.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesrepresentthetop—downapproach?

A.Watchingrelatedfilms

B.Pre—teachingvocabulary

C.Explainingdifficultlanguagepointsinthereadingmaterial

D.Encodingthereadingmaterialwordtoword

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：“自上而下”模式注重背景知识的介绍。观看与主题有关的电影有助于学生对阅读或听力主题的理解，因此选A。

17.TotalPhysicalResponseMethodbelongstothecomprehensionapproachwhichespeciallyemphasisontheunderstandingof_______．Teachersgiveinstructionsinforeignlanguage；studentsneedtousebodymovementstorespondtotheteachers．

A.listening

B.speaking

C.reading

D.writing

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：全身反应教学法的教学过程为：教师发出指令，学生听指令做动作。因此对教师的指令的理解至关重要，选B。

18.Amongthemajorlisteningskills，_________isaskillwhichcombineslisteningandwriting，becauseitrequiresthelistenerstowritedown，eitherwordforword，orinhisownwords，whatheconsidersimportant．

A.inferring

B.note-taking

C.listeningfordetailedinformation

D.listeningforgist

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：听力过程中写下听到的认为重要的单词或句子，这属于note-taking技能。

19.Whichdowenothavetotakethefollowingaspectintoconsiderationwhenweselecttextbooks?

A.Doesthebooksuityourstudents?

B.Doesthebooksuittheteacher?

C.Doesthebooksuitthesyllabusandexamination?

D.Doesthebooksuitthepressandpublication?

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：在选择教材时要考虑学生、教师、教学大纲以及测试等因素，但是不必考虑出版社的问题。

20.Whenshouldtheteacherissuetheinstruction?

A.Assoonasclassbegins

B.Whenstudents’attentionisdirectedtotheteacher

C.Whenclassissilent

D.Whenclassisgoingtobeover

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：当学生的注意力都在教师身上时，下指令的效果最好。

21.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．asBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.AlargerpercentageofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericacameasindenturedservantsthanasfreeagentsinterestedinacquiringland

B.Migrantswhocametothecoloniesasindenturedservantsweremoresuccessfulatmakingalivelihoodthanwerefarmersandartisans

C.MigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaweremoresuccessfulatacquiringtheirownlandduringthe18thcenturythanduringthe17thcentury

D.Bythe1730’s，migrantsalreadyskilledinatradewereinmoredemandbyAmericanemployersthanwereunskilledlaborers

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话可知，到18世纪30年代，美洲雇主开始需要技术熟练的技工，故选D。

22.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．asBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.givesufficientemphasistotheculturalandpoliticalinterdependenceofthecoloniesandEngland

B.describecarefullyhowmigrantsofdifferentethnicbackgroundspreservedtheircultureintheUnitedStates

C.takeadvantageofsocialresearchontheexperiencesofcolonistswhomigratedtocolonialNorthAmericaspecificallytoacquireland

D.relatetheexperienceofthemigrantstothepoliticalvaluesthateventuallyshapedthecharacteroftheUnitedStates

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话可知，虽然Bailyn的方法适用于革命前移民的契约奴，但是他没有把他们的经历和美国政治的发展联系起来，选D。

23.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．asBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.Itistotallyimplausible

B.Itispartiallyacceptable

C.Itishighlyadmirable

D.Itiscontroversialthoughpersuasive

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。由第四段第二、三句话可知，在坚持殖民地是盎格鲁一美利坚帝国的一部分这一点上，Bailyn无疑是正确的。但是，把帝国分为英国核心和殖民地外围就贬低了殖民地文化的成就。由此可判断作者认为Bailyn的观点有一部分是可以接受的，故选B。

24.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．asBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEngland

B.TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistorians

C.ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirown

D.ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：细节理解题。由第四段第四句话可知，作者和Bailyn都认为殖民地的高雅文化和英国的高雅文化不一致，由此选A。

25.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．asBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.BailynunderestimatestheeffectsofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericanculture

B.BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritain

C.Bailyn’sdescriptionofthecoloniesaspartofanAnglo-Americanempireismisleadingandincorrect

D.BailynfailedtotesthispropositionsonaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica

正确答案：A

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。由第四段最后三句话可知，17世纪的新英格兰制定了法律，创建了大学，出版了书籍，所以它的高雅文化可以和美国本土的相比。但是对此现象，Bailyn可能会说，新英格兰是个特例，但作者认为新英格兰清教徒的思想和组织结构对北美文化有着深刻的影响，由此可判断作者认为Bailyn低估了清教徒对北美文化的影响，故选A。

26.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Thearticlewaswrittento__________．

A.warnUSoftheimpendingstarvation

B.presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture

C.opposebiologicaladvances

D.warnoftheevilsideofautomation

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：写作意图题。文章主要展望了2020年人类对付饥饿和反复作业的手段。

27.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Advancesinbiologicalknowledge__________．

A.keptpacewithadvancesinphysics

B.responsiblefortheinventionofnewmachines

C.surpassedthoseinphysics

D.laggedbehindthoseinphysics

正确答案：D

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。由第一段第二句话“Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．”可知，生物学知识的进步将和物理学知识所做出的进步一样深远。由此可推测，生物学的发展落后于物理学，选D。

28.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Accordingtothepassage，starvation__________·

A.canbepredicted

B.isunavoidable

C.canbeprevented

D.ismainlycausedbypooragriculture

正确答案：C

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。由第一段倒数两句话中的“beheadedoff”可推知，饥饿是可以防止的，选C。

29.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Repetitivetasksinindustryleadto__________．

A.physicalexhaustion

B.mentalstimulation

C.mentalexhaustion

D.extinction

正确答案：C

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句话“therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines…：andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．”可知，反复作业将由机器接管；精神疲劳将变为体力消耗。由此推测，反复作业会导致精神疲劳，选C。

30.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Ifthepredictionsofthewriterarerealized，thedemandfortheunskilledworkersin21stcenturywillbe__________．

A.veryhigh

B.verylow

C.thesameastoday

D.constantlyrising

正确答案：B

您的答案：

本题解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容，现在反复作业仍分技术性的和非技术性的。但是到2020年，所有的反复作业将都变为非技术性的。这些反复作业都将被机器取代，因此非技术工人的数量将减少。

问答题（共3题，共3分）

31.课堂提问是课堂教学过程中教师和学生交流的方式之一，请简述课堂提问的要求。

正确答案：

您的答案：

本题解析：课堂提问的基本要求有：（1）课堂提问要有针对性、探究性、层次性和反馈及时性。（2）问题的设置要抓住问“点”，即学生的兴趣点、知识的疑难点和思维的发散点；把握问“度”，即提问的密度，问题的精度、坡度和难度。（3）注意提问的过程。首先应做好提问的准备，注意提问时机，然后准确提出问题。要先提问后点名，提问后要适当地停顿，以给学生留下思考的时间。学生回答后，教师要及时提供反馈。（4）要注意有效追问。

32.下列教学片段选自某一初中课堂实录，阅读后回答问题。

T：CouldyouplaygamesonInterneteveryevening，boysandgirls?

Ss：Sorry．Icouldn’t．

T：Onwhatdaycouldyouplaythemeveryweek?

Ss：OnlyonSaturdayandSunday．

T：Oh!Wecouldsayyoucouldplaygamestwiceaweek．IcouldgovisitmyfriendsonMondayandTuesdayevenings．SowecouldsayIcouldgovisitmyfriendstwiceaweek．WhatdoesTWICEheremean?

Ss：Itmeans“两次”．

T：Great!Thenyouwillbedividedintogroups，fourinonegroup，tomakesentencesasmanyaspossibleby“Couldyou…everyweek?”and“twiceaweek”．After5minutes，I’llinviteonespeakeroutofeachgrouptopresentinclass．

问题：

（1）该片段反映了教学中哪两个环节?

（2）分析这两个教学环节的目的。

（3）从教学有效性的角度评价这个教学片段（至少写两个要点）。

正确答案：

您的答案：

本题解析：(1)该片段属于教学中的新知