研究生综合教程(上)考试翻译整理

Unit41.Babiesandchildrendeprivedoflovehavebeenknowntodevelopawidevarietyofproblems-forexample,depression,headaches,physiologicalimpairments,andneuroticandpsychosomaticdiffi6.Ifrespectandcaringaremissing,therelationshipisnotbasedonlove.Instead,itisanunhealthyorpossessivedependencythatlimitsthelovers'social,emotional,andintellectualgrowth.译文：如果美玉尊重和关怀，两人的关系就不是建立在爱的题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。基础上；反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，这会限制恋人双方在社会、情感和治理方面的发展。2.Muchresearchshowsthatthequalityofcareinfantsreceiveaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends,howwelltheydoinschool,howtheyreacttonewandpossiblystressfulsituations,andhowtheyformandmaintainlovingrelationships译文：很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感联系。7.Thistypeofloveisneitherexcitingnorthrillingbutisrelativelymundaneandunromantic.Itmeanspayingbills,puttingoutthegarbage,scrubbingtoiletbowls,beingupallnightwithasickbaby,andperformingmyriadother'oatmeal"实实在在的，不浪漫的。它回复账单，倒垃圾，样的不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。3.Childrenwhoareraisedinimpersonalenvironments(orphanage,somefosterhomes,orunlovingfamilies)showemotionalandsocialunderdevelopment,languageandmotorskills...在人情冷漠的环境中如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。4.Peoplewhodon'tlikethemselvesmaynotbeabletoreturnlovebutmayconstancyseekloverelationshipstobolstertheirownpoorself-images.不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。5.Whatwemeanbylovedependsonwhetherweare8.Wewillnevermeetmillionsofpotentialloversbecausetheyare"filteredout"byformalorinformalrulesonpartnereligibilityduetofactorssuchasage,race,distance,Socialclass,religion,就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。9.Althoughromancemaycrossculturalorethnicborders,criticismandapprovalteachuswhatisacceptableromanticbehaviorandwithwhom.Onemight"lust"forsomeone,buttheseyearningstalkingaboutloveforfamilymembers,friends,orlovers.Lovehasbeenasourceofinspiration,wrywitticisms,andevenpoliticalactionformanycenturies.赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受的浪漫行为和我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因此而爱上某人的。的来源。10.Healthylovingrelationships,whetherphysicalornot(suchasloveforfamilymembers),reflectabalanceofcaring,intimacy,andcommitment.（比如对家人的爱)都反映了关怀、亲密和忠诚的平衡。Unit51.Yogacanbeperformedbythoseofanyageandcondition,althoughnotallposesshouldbeattemptedbyeveryone.8.Yogaisnotacompetitivesport;itdoesnotmatterhowapersondoesincomparisonwithothers,buthowawareanddisciplinedonebecomeswithone’sownbodyandlimitations.译文：虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习，但是任何年龄段的人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽2.Beginnersshouldexercisecareandconcentrationwhenperformingyogapostures,andnottrytostretchtoomuchtooquickly,asinjurycouldresult.译文：瑜伽不是竞技体育，练瑜伽不需要和别人比，练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能力。9.Ongoingresearchintopmedicalschoolsisshowingyoga’seffectivenessforoverallhealthandforspecificproblems,makingitanincreasinglyacceptablehealthpractice.译文：初学者在练习时应集中注意力，小心动作不要做得太过太快，以免受伤。3.Someadvancedyogapostures,liketheheadstand译文：越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果标明，andfulllotusposition,canbedifficultandrequirestrength,flexibilityandgradualpreparation.译文：一些高阶的瑜伽高难动作，如头倒立式或全莲花坐式，需要有很好的力量、柔韧性和日积月累的练习准备。瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处，这也使越来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。10.Yogaslowlybegangainingfollowers,andflourishedduringthe1960swhentherewasasurgeofinterestinEasternphilosophy.4.Modernpsychologicalstudieshaveshownthat,并在20世纪60年代evenslightfacialexpressionscancausechangesintheinvoluntarynervoussystem.东方哲学盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。译文：现代心理学研究表明，即使细微的表情变化也会引起神经系统的自主改变5.Yogapractitionersclaimthatthestrengtheningofmind/bodyawarenesscanbringeventualimprovementsinallfacetsofaperson’slife.译文：瑜伽练习者认为，精神体质的加强最终将为生活的各方面都带来好处6.Yogaclassesaregenerallyinexpensive,averagingaround10dollarsperclass,andstudentscanlearnbasicposturesinjustafewclasses.译文：瑜伽课的学费一般不贵，平均一堂课10美元，学员们在几节课内就能学会基础的瑜伽动作。7.Yogahastheaddedadvantageofbeingalow-impactactivitythatusesonlygravityasresistance,whichmakesitanexcellentphysicaltherapyroutine.译文：瑜伽的另一个优点是，除了地心引力外，它不需承担额外的阻力，这使它成为身体治疗法的不二之选。Unit81.Seatbeltsstilldecreaseourriskofdyinginan7.Somearedaringwhileothersarecautiousbynature.Andstillothersarefatalistswhomaybelievethatahigherpowerdevisesmortalityschedulesthatfixapredeterminedtimewhenournumberisup.accident,butthestatisticsarenotallblackandwhite.但从统计数据看，情况并不是那么绝对。2.Whathefoundwasthatcontrarytoconventional译：有些人天生大胆而有些人天生谨慎，还有些人是wisdom,mandatingtheuseofseatbeltsin18countriesresultedineithernochangeoractuallyanetincreaseinroadaccidentdeaths.宿命论者，他们会认为，有一种更强大的力量设计了死亡时间表，预先决定了我们的死期。8.Consequently,anysinglemeasurementassignedtotheriskofdrivingacarisboundtobeonlytheroughestsortofbenchmark.18个强制使用安全带的国家，要么交通事故死亡率根本没有变化，要么实际上反而导致了死亡率的净增译：因此，对驾车风险做任何单一的测算所得到的肯长。定只是最粗略的基准数据。3.Norwillthesepossibleconcernsexistinavacuum.Hewillbetakingintoaccounttheweatherandtheconditionoftheroad,theamountoftrafficandthecapabilitiesofthecarheisdriving.9.Thebottomlineisthatriskdoesn’texistinavacuumandthatthereareahostoffactorsthatcomeintoplay,includingtherewardsofrisk,whethertheyarefinancial,physicaloremotional.译：这些可能的担心也不是孤立存在的，他还要考虑译：问题的要点就在于风险并不是孤立存在的，它会到天气和路况、交通拥挤的程度和所驾车子的性能。受到许多因素的影响，包括承担风险所带来的种种回报──无论是财产方面的、身体方面的，还是情感方面的。4.Thepoint,stressesAdams,isthatdriverswhofeelsafemayactuallyincreasetheriskthattheyposetootherdrivers,bicyclists,pedestriansandtheirownpassengers.10.Wemakedozensofriskcalculationsdaily,butyoucanbookoddsthatmostofthemaresoautomaticorvisceral─thatwebarelynoticethem.译：亚当斯强调说，问题就在于自我感觉安全的司机译：我们每天要做几十遍风险计算，但是可以确信的们实际上对其他司机、骑自行车者、行人和自己车上的乘客来说是更大的危险。是，多数时候人们对风险的计算自然而然或者说是出于本能，以至于我们几乎注意不到我们在做计算。5.Inthecaseofseatbelts,insteadofasimple,straightforwardreductionindeaths,theendresultisamorecomplicatedredistributionofriskandfatalities.译：安全带并非简单、直截了当地减少死亡人数，而是对风险和死亡事故进行了更加复杂的再分配。6.Ineverydaylife,riskisamovingtarget,notasetnumberasstatisticsmightsuggest.Inadditiontoexternalfactors,eachindividualhashisorherowninternalcomfortlevelwithrisk-taking.译：日常生活中，风险是不断移动的靶子，而并不像统计数据那样是个固定数字。除了外部因素外，每个人对于冒险都有自己内在的安全尺度。Unit11.Weholdthemuptothestandardsweseeinourpeople.Ifitlooksliketheyhavethesesametraits,’llplaceabetonthem.6.Betterstill,developareputationinsideyourlabandwithpeopleyourlabcollaborateswithasapersonwhofostersandinitiatescollaborations-andmakesurethisqualitygetsmentionedbythosewhowilltakethosereferencephonecalls.译：我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出来的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。2.Thebusinessenvironmentislesswolf-wolf译：更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人---还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。7.Thiscreatesarequirementnotonlyforpeoplewhocanactquickly,butforthosewhocanthinkfastandhavethecouragetoactontheirconvictions.andcompetitive,sosignsofbeingcollaborativeandselflessstandout.Youjustcan’tsucceedinanindustryenvironmentwithoutthismindset.译：企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在3.Manypostdocsandgradstudentshavea译：这样，不仅对那些行动迅速的人们，也对那些思toughtimeshowingthattheycanmakethistransitionbecausesomuchoftheirlifehasinvolvedplayingtheindependentresearcherroleandoutshiningotheryourstars.维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。8.Businesssuccessisoftendefinedbycomfortwithambiguityandrisk-personal,organizational,andfinancial.Thiscreatesadisconnectformanyscientistsbecausesuccessinacademiaisreallymoreaboutcareful,studiedresearch.译：商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险---个人的，组织上和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感动不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。译：许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。4.Youcanmakeyourselfmoreattractivetocompaniesbyworkingtogetherwithscientistsfromotherlaboratoriesanddisciplinesinpursuitofacommongoal-anddocumentingtheresultsonyourresume.9.Tosuddenlybevaluedandmeasuredbyyourmasteryofhumanrelationshipscanbeveryscarypropositionforapersonwhohasbeenvaluedandmeasuredonlybyhismasterofthings.译：你可以提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作---并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。5.Thisapproach,combinedwithaliberaluseofthepronoun“”andnotjust“I”whendescribingyouraccomplishments,canchangethecompany’sperceptionofyoufromalonewolftoaselflesscollaborator.译：对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。10.Thescientistwhoistransitioningintothebusinessworldmustprioritizehisorherrelationshipassetsabovetheirtechnicalassets译：想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。译：这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词Unit21.ChinesecuisineisabrilliantfacetofChinese7.Agoodnamecanmakethedishmoreinteresting;however,somenamesaresoeccentricthattheymayconfusepeople,bothChineseandforeigners.Ifyouonlytranslatethenameliterallywithnoexplanation,youcouldmakeafoolofyourself.culture,whichisprovenbythefactthatChineserestaurantsarefoundscatteredeverywherethroughouttheworld.1.中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。7.一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思，但有些菜名太怪异了，听起来让人一头雾水，不要说外国人难以理解，就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。2.Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,asalmosteveryplacehasitsownlocalspecialties,andasthedifferentcuisinegathertogetherinbigcities,such2.中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：每个地方都形成自己的特色菜；不同的菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。8.Oftentheyoungandoldstillsitinorderofseniority,andtheeldersselectfoodfortheyoungwhiletheyoungmaketoaststotheelders.Chinesepeopleliketocreatealively,warm,andharmoniousatmosphereduringmeals.3.Sichuan,knownasNature’sStorehouse,isalsoastorehouseofcuisine.Here,eachandeveryrestaurantprovidesdeliciousyeteconomicalculinaryfare.3.被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。在那里的任何一家餐馆都能找到既可口又经济实惠的美食。8.吃饭时，年长的和年少的按照年龄大小依次坐好，长辈为晚辈夹菜，晚辈给长辈敬酒。中国人喜欢营造出一派欢乐、温馨、和谐的气氛。9.AhostessorhostinChinawillapportionthebestpartsofthedishestoguests.Usingapairofservingchopsticks,sheorheplacesthebestpartofasteamedfishorthemosttenderpieceofmeatontheplateofthemostimportantguests.4.Asoneoftheearliestportsopentoforeigntrade,theprovincehasdevelopedaculinarywithitsowncharacteristicsthathasexertedafar-reachinginfluenceonotherpartsofChinaaswellas9.在中国，主人会把最好的菜分给客人。他们用公筷throughouttheworldwhereitisthemostcommonly4.作为最早对外开放的通商口岸之一，广东省的餐饮文化独具特色，对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。把清蒸鱼最好的部分或最嫩的肉夹给最重要的来宾。10.Inasense,ithasstrengthenedthecollectivespiritofthenation.Atapartyorabanquet,everyonefirsttakesintoconsiderationtheneedsofthegroup;withtheeatingprocessalsobeingatimetoshowhumilityandconcernforothers.5.Zhejiangcuisineislightandexquisite,andistypicaloffoodfromalongthelowerYangtzeRiver.OnefamousdishisWestLakeVinegarFish,whichlooksprettyandhasthedelicaterefreshingflavorsofnature.10.从某种意义上说，它增强了人们的集体主义精神。5.浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美、酥嫩，带着自然的清香。无论在聚会还是在宴席上，人们首先考虑大家的6.ManyChineserestaurantsinChina,aswellasinotherpartsofworld,servethisdish,butoftentheflavorislessauthenticcomparedtothatfoundinHangzhou,capitalofZhejiangProvince,whichhasuniqueaccesstothefishandwaterofWestLake.6.中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。1.Inherwildestdreams,shedidn'tthinkherHarryPotter1.她做梦也没有想到会有那么多人对她的书感兴趣。bookswouldappealtomorethanahandfulofreaders.2.Amazingly,Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend,whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion.2.让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。3.Whenthebookfinallywentonsaleat12:01am.3.当这本书终于在星期六午夜12：01面市时，在英Saturday,thousandsofchildreninBritainandNorthAmericarushedtoclaimtheircopies.国和北美，成千上万的孩子争相购买。4.Theonlysournoteinallth