大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题

大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15注意：本试题共四道大题，满分100分，答题时间为3小时，所有答案均应写在由考场发给的专用答题纸上，答在其它地方为无效。PartOneVocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Inthissection,thereare30uncompletedsentenceswithfourchoicesbeloweachsentence.Choosethebestonefromthe4choicestofillintheblanks.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.3.Asalawyer___forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.6.____isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.8.Shedidntopenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas_____inher谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15failuretosayanythinginsupportofit.A.explicitB.implicit9.Theschoolhasbeen______asthemeetingplacefortheeveningartclub.A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed10.Itmakesme_____whenpeopledon’isten,andthenasksillyquestions.A.furiousB.generousC.mysteriousD.suspicious11.Mostoftherubbishthatweusually_____ofcanberecycled.A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolveC.internalD.immoral12.The____ofelectricalenergyintothermalenergyisaprocessthatiseasilycarriedoutat100%efficiency.13.Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite____qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.A.unbiased14.Thetraincametoa/an____stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.A.hastyB.incidentalC.swiftD.abrupt15.Itisoftendifficultto_____betweenamereexaggerationandadeliberatelylying.A.disguise16.Everyonehasalegal____toprovidethetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion17.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto_____withthelawwillbepunished.A.conceal18.Thisdiplomaisimportant,which___thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies19.Despitewarningsfromhisparentsandteacher,Stevensonis____tocomputer谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15games.A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed20.Ingeneral,the____amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldto21.Remembertoaskfora____ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.C.certificate22.Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas____aseriesofpolicies.23.Aproductistoberegardedasbeing_____whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.A.dischargedB.discarded24.Itsapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto____theweightofa25.Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto_____whathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.26.Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat_____attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.C.resentmentD.irritation27.Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob____inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第1528.Theprimeministersproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)___thathisgovernmentfell.C.withdrawalD.outbreak29.Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid____totheworldspoor.A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications30.Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore___thanthewoodenbox.Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneQuestions31to34arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearthsresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwide谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15resourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayofdefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists’merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworldschildrenandfuturegeneration.A.Lackoffinancialplanning.B.Thebreakupofthefamily.谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.32.Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis_____.D.Exploitationofresources.34.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe______.PassageTwoQuestions35to38arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeach谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15individualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudentsopportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.36.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust____.A.notdependonteachersB.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15C.placearenewedemphasisonscienceD.notorganizetheirinstruction37.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof______.B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducationD.itsnewnessintheschools38.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof_____.A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformationB.providemanywaysofteachingthesamethingC.makelearningeasyandfunPassageThreeQuestions39to42arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemay谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15carryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.40.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey_____.A.usetoolstogatherfoodD.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第1541.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?42.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby_____.PassageFourQuestions43to46arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrumpsuseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresidentssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeoplesrelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonisreadererror,,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.43.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson___.A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpracticeC.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformationD.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews45.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis___.PassageFiveQuestions47to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-quality谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第15schoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.Wehavenoobligationtosamethemsimplybecausetheyexist.Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowwaytoreducerisingcostorincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesntbringinmorerevenue,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effectstosavethemandpreferablytokeepthemprivate,arenationalnecessities.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.A.mismanagementC.toomanystudentsD.thenatureofschools谢谢观赏大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语页共15页谢谢观赏本页为第1548.Theauthorusedthephrase“go”inthethirdparagraphtomean_____.49.Wehavereasonablyconcludefromthepassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport_____.B.privateschoolsC.uniformityofeducationA.High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.B.Ifthetuitionisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.C.Therearemanycasesthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Dontdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslike