动词不定式概述

动词不定式概述一．基本概念动词不定式表示‘不一定在句子中做什么成分’。除了不能够做谓语，动词不定式几乎可以做任何成分使用。和其他两类非谓语动词一样，动词不定式仍然保留有动词的特征，如自己的主语，可以带宾语（必须是及物动词），有时态和语态的变化。掌握动词不定式的三要素：句子成分，时态与语态，逻辑主语二．不定式6大基本句型不定式做主语,表语形式主语itItis+adj+todosthItiseasytobewiseaftertheevent事后诸葛亮容易ItiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoneyItisbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.形式主语itIt+Vi+todosthItpaystolistenbeforespeakingItdoesn’tmattertotakeasecondtryIthelpstotakeadeepbreathbeforeyouyourperformance.不定式在句首做主语Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.犯错人皆难免，宽恕则属超凡。Toloveforthesakeofbeinglovedishuman,buttoloveforthesakeoflovingisangelic.因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱，则难能可贵。Toteachisnottoteach.教是为了不教TodieistosleepTodonothingistodie/Towaitistodie不定式做宾语及物动词宾语（主句主语与不定式逻辑主语一致）Ican’taffordtomissitasecondtime.Theyaggreedtomeeteverytwoweeks.Wehavearrangedtorehearsetwodaysbeforetheceremony.Manypeopledon’tevenbothertosaythanksaftertheyarepolitelyserved.Youchosetobetreatedthatway.别人那样对你是你自找的。不定式做宾语Onewouldbearrestedinhisownhomeifhefailedtoshowtothepolicehisidentity.Ihatetolistentoquestionslikehowtosolvetheproblemrightawayorhowtoachievequicksuccessorhowtobecomerichovernight.WhenIwasaboy,Ialwayshesitaetdtoapproachgirls.不定式做宾语Ididn’tintendtooffendyouHowdidyoumanagetocompleteyourmasterprogramwhenyouhad3part-timejobs?WhenIcamein,theypretendednottoseeme.不定式做及物动词宾语Afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,consent,dare,decide,detmine,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,help,hesiate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,regret,remembe,seem,start,swear,trouble,try,want,wish…不定式疑问式做宾语即不定式前面加上wh-疑问代词或副词，或者how,一起构成及物动词宾语。Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretostartYoudidn’texplainhowtousetheinstrument.Whenhetookouthisphone,heforgotwhomtocall.Ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,imagine,know,learn,remembe,see,teach,think,understand,wonder…3.不定式做宾语补足语Weallowstudentstousethisfacilityonweekends.Thefuturepressurefromemploymentcomplescollegestudentstostudyforamasterdegree.Learningshouldbeanexperienceofchallengingone’slimitations.Weshouldencouragestudentstochallengeauthorites.Iexpectyoutowriteyourownsentences.3.不定式做宾语补足语Iwillhelpyoutofindpossibleanswerstothesequestions.Iwantyoutowritedownyourownideas.Iwouldlikeyoutoworkingroups.Ineedyoutohelpmewiththis.Iwarnyounottocheatinyourpaperwriting.3.不定式做宾语补足语Advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,compel,encourage,expect,fobid,force,get,have,invite,like,order,permit,persuade,prefer,recommend,teach,tell,tempt,wish,urge…注意：let,make,have,see,hear,watch,notice…等动词后面，宾语的补足语要省略to4.不定式做定语注意逻辑宾语IhavealettertowriteIneedsomepapertowriteonIneedapentowritewithIhaveafamilytotakecareofIhavenofriendtotalkaboutthesetopicswithHehasnohousetoliveinYouhavenoplacetoescapeto4.不定式做定语注意逻辑主语WewillnotattendthemeetingtobeheldnextweekWeareopposedtotheplantobecarriedoutnextmonth.动词，形容词，与名词定语的同位关系4.不定式做定语Iknowclearlyyourwishtojointheclub.Hisrefusaltocooperatemadeusangry.Yourabilitytousethelanguageiswhatmatters.Icouldseenogoodreasoninyourintentiontostay.Adecisiontochangeone’shabitoftentakestimeandpatience.5.不定式用在adj后做特殊成分HeisinterestingtolistentoTheoriesarebynaturenoteasytounderstand.Myteacheriseasytogetonwith.Nothingiseasytolearnbeforeonethinglearned.注意：不能用被动！6.不定式做状语(1)目的Toavoidcriticism,donothing,saynothing,benothing.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;toacquirewisdom,onemustobserveandthink.Toberespected,oneneedstoshowhisownrespect.Idon’tcomeheretoteachyou.Wecomeheretolearnhowtoco-operate.6.不定式做状语(2)结果Wehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.Womenoftencomplainthattheyareeducatedasequals,onlytogooutintotheworkforceinterviewstreatedasinferiors.Yourstorywassosadastodiscourageeveryone.6.不定式做状语YouaresuchagentlemanastosuggestgoingDutch?YouaremodestenoughtomakeusfeelyouaresuperiorWhatyousaidistoogoodtobetrue.Youaretooreadytofindfaults.6.不定式做状语(3)条件Youwoulbecrazytoaskforaraise.IwilllbehonoredtogivealectureatBeiDa.Iwoulbehappytobeinvitedtoyourparty.7.不定式的形式宾语itFeel/findit+adj+(forsb/sth)todosthMakeit+possible+(forsb/sth)todosthMakeitarule+(forsb/sth)todosthDidyoufinditdifficulttostarttalkingwithastranger?Internetmakesitpossibleforpeoplearoundthewordtocommunicatewitheachother.ShallwemakeitaruletospeakEnglisheveryFriday?8.不定式做插入语Tobeginwith,tostartwith,tobehonest,tobefrank,tomakealongstoryshort,tomakethematterworse,tosumup.三．不定式的逻辑主语问题1.for…todosthHeiseagertomeetyouHeiseagerforhissistertomeetyou.ItiseasyformetouseEnglishItisnoteasyforachildtouseEnglishMakeritpossiblefor…todosth三．不定式的逻辑主语问题TostudyEnglishwell,alotofpracticeisneeded.MorepatienceisneededtostudyEnglishwell.Thewindshouldbestrongenoughtoflyakite.Togoabroadtostudy,yourfamilymustberichToenjoyonlinemovies,theinternetspeedmustbehigh.Thereshouldbetwolibrariestoborrowmorebooks2.ofsbtodosth:关于个性特点ItwaswiseofyounottoarguewithyourbossItiskindofyoutolendme90yuanwhenyouhaveonly100.Itwasirresponsibleofyoutohaveleftyourjobuntouched.四．不定式的时态一般时：todo完成时：tohavedoneWearehappytohavefinishedourworkbeforethedeadline.Hewassorrynottohaveinformedusofthat.Youdon’tseemtohavewashedyourfacetoday.Therainseemstohavestoped.四．不定式的时态Hewassorrytohavebotheredmewithsomanyquestions.StoriesofPopstarsappeartohaveledpeopletoabeliefthatthereisashortcuttosuccess.HeisbelievedtohaveescapedtoCanada.Theofficialwasreportedtohavetakenseveralmillionsfromthelocalfactory.Theplanissaidtohavebeenpostponed.四．不定式的时态进行时：tobedoingappear,happen,pretend,seemHeappearedtobethinkinghardaboutsomethingwhenIdroppedin.Hehappenedto